语法填空考点揭秘之词性转换

河南 马国民

语法填空考点揭秘之词性转换

河南 马国民

在高考语法填空试题中，词性转换已经成为必考点，因此，在高考备考中，考生有必要认真研究其命题规律与趋势，有针对性地科学备考。

一、考查动词转换为名词

【考例1】（福建省福安中学、霞浦七中、周宁十中2016届高三联考）Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places，she insisted that her_64_（organize）about the trip is proper.

【解析】organization。空格处作主语，由此结合定语可知，organization符合题意。

【考例2】（皖南八校2016届高三第一次联考）She is still going strong and her_62_（treat）is working well for now.

【解析】treatment。空格处作主语，结合空前的物主代词“her”可知，空格处应填名词。

【知识拓展】动词转换为名词的常用后缀：

常用后缀例 词-er，-or，-ment，-ation，-sion manager，operator，movement，explanation，conclusion

二、考查动词转换为形容词

【考例1】（2014·全国新课标卷I）While there are

_68_（amaze）stories of instant transformation，for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.

【解析】amazing。空格处作定语，修饰名词“stories”，故应填amazing。

【考例2】（2014·全国新课标卷Ⅱ）There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and_63_（disappoint）.

【解析】disappointed。空格处作表语，且用于描述人，故应填disappointed。

【知识拓展】1.动词转换为形容词的常用后缀：

常用后缀例 词-ing，-ed，-able，-ful，-less，-ive confusing，amazed，reliable，enjoyable，forgetful，careful，careless，attractive

2.分词形容词化：annoy，disappoint，frighten，terrify，worry等使役动词的现在分词和过去分词可作为形容词使用。由现在分词构成的形容词常用于物，由过去分词构成的形容词常用于人，而修饰与人有关的表情、眼神、声音等时，常用过去分词构成的形容词。

三、考查动词转换为副词

【考例1】（2014·广东卷）When we were wondering what to do，the manager came out. She was_22_（surprise）helpful.

【解析】surprisingly。空格处作状语，用于修饰形容词，故应填surprisingly。

【考例2】They throw anything into their stomachs，eating something carelessly and__ 48_（hurry）.

【解析】hurriedly。空格处修饰动词，故应填提示词的副词形式hurriedly。

【知识拓展】动词转换为副词时，常常是该动词先变成形容词，然后再加-ly。例如：surprisingly，carefully。

四、考查形容词转换为名词

【考例1】（2015·全国新课标卷Ⅱ）In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their_63_（able）to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.

【解析】ability。结合空前的定语“their”可知，空格处应填名词ability。

【考例2】（贵州省遵义航天高中2016届高三三模）The great man taught his students whole-heartedly and answered their questions with great_63_（patient）.

【解析】patience。空格处作介词的宾语，故应填patient的名词形式patience。

【考例3】（河北省衡水中学2016届高三四调）Second，honesty gives us much_63_（free）.

【解析】freedom。空格处作直接宾语，结合“much”可知，freedom符合题意。

【知识拓展】形容词转换为名词的常用后缀：

常用后缀例 词-ance，-ence，-ness，-bility importance，convenience，kindness，happiness，ability，possibility

五、考查名词转换为形容词

【考例1】（2015·全国新课标卷Ⅱ）As_69_（nature）architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

【解析】natural。空格处作定语，修饰名词，结合语境可知，空格处应填形容词natural。

【考例2】（2014·全国新课标卷I）Just be_70_（patience）.

【解析】patient。空格处作表语，结合语境可知，空格处应填形容词patient。

【考例3】（2013·广东卷）“That would be a very __1__9_（reason）thing to do in a big city，but it could destroy a small village like ours，” Nick said.

【解析】reasonable。空格处作定语，故应填reason的形容词形式reasonable。

【知识拓展】名词转换为形容词的常用后缀：

常用后缀例 词-able，-ful，-ous，-al，-y，-ive valuable，comfortable，successful，dangerous，medical，lucky，expensive

六、考查形容词转换为副词

【考例1】（2015·全国新课标卷Ⅱ）Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat_65_（slow）during cool nights，thus warming the house.

【解析】slowly。空格处修饰动词短语，故应填slow的副词形式slowly。

【考例2】（2015·全国新课标卷I）Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it_69_（regular）arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

【解析】regularly。空格处修饰动词arranges，故应填副词regularly。

【知识拓展】形容词转换为副词的常用后缀：

常用后缀例 词-ly，-ward（s）honestly，possibly，necessarily，backward（s），inward（s），forward（s）

【强化训练】

1. In the USA the high school graduation ceremony is of great______（important）.

2. The readers can enjoy all kinds of books_____（comfortable）in the new reading room.

3. It is said that some_____（collect）are worth a lot of money.

4. After class，he encouraged me to build up my_____（confident）in the new environment.

5. Sometimes her sister and she are so_____（frighten）that they hide in their room.

6. Anger is not______（necessary）the most useful or acceptable reaction to such events.

7. Yesterday morning，John broke a beautiful plate ______（care）in a restaurant.

8. I looked forward to spending the next day in Oxford Street with all its_____（amaze）shops.

9. In the 19th century，Europe changed a lot from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly_____（industry）one.

10. I hear that the sea is very______（attract）in all kinds of weather and at all times of a day.

11. A farmer once organized a_____（compete）between his dog and his rabbit.

12. Jack quickly established himself as a_____（power）member of the new company.

13. I believe our living conditions will_____（gradual）get better and better.

14. As far as I am______（concern），difficulties or misfortunes are an unavoidable part of our life.

15. There was no_____（possible）of becoming successful if I was not fully supported.

16. It is_____（luck） we booked a room，or we would have nowhere to stay now.

17. I named them “cookies” because I always feel that children can bring great happiness and_____（excite） to my life.

18.My_____（listen） were waiting patiently without any signs of rushing me.

19.Employers usually decide within five minutes whether someone is______（suit） for the job.

20. Red is used in many American expressions and it can be used to show_____（happy），as in “a red-letter day”.

【参考答案】

1. importance 2. comfortably 3. collections 4. confidence 5. frightened 6. necessarily 7. carelessly 8. amazing 9. industrial 10. attractive 11. competition 12. powerful 13. gradually 14. concerned 15. possibility 16. lucky 17. excitement 18. listeners 19. suitable 20. happiness