卡普兰诺悬崖步道，温哥华，加拿大

工程设计：莫里森·赫什菲尔德有限公司，怀利 & 诺里什岩体工程公司，麦克尔哈尼Engineers:Morrison Hershfield Ltd.,Wyllie & Norrish Rock Engineers,McElhanney



卡普兰诺悬崖步道，温哥华，加拿大

Capilano Cliffwalk,Vancouver,Canada,2011

工程设计：莫里森·赫什菲尔德有限公司，怀利 & 诺里什岩体工程公司，麦克尔哈尼Engineers:Morrison Hershfield Ltd.,Wyllie & Norrish Rock Engineers,McElhanney

1　弧形步道/the curved cliffwalk

卡普兰诺悬崖步道位于卡普兰诺河谷。1889年，人们曾在河谷上建过一座长达136m的吊桥，该吊桥后又分别于1903年和1956年经历过两次重建。卡普兰诺吊桥公园年均游客约为75万人次。

新步道旨在为人们提供一条途径，在确保不对雨林环境产生影响的同时，供人们探索位于卡普兰诺河谷东坡那些尚未开发之地。桥体主结构通过岩栓锚固在崖壁上，从而可减小对崖壁的影响，使接触面积仅为11m2；借助水泥灌浆，岩栓被完全锚固进岩体，锚杆全长510m。

在位于河谷上方90m 处的地方，一段213m长的步道在几个锚固点的支撑下从花岗岩质地的悬崖上出挑出去。步道由一个空中螺旋楼梯、8座桥、7段步梯和两个玻璃平台组成，从崖壁上悬挑出3m，以避免落石伤人。

步道的最高点距离其下方的卡普兰诺河高达90m；在某些位置上，沿步道修建的平台可为游人提供相对宽敞的空间，以供驻足休息。

一段30m长的弧形桥向外探出几近8m，使森林景色一览无余。该桥由3根纵向弧形钢梁构成，3根钢梁在一端与9根缆绳相连，在一处相对较高的岩体上形成一个绝妙的钩悬点。

其余的受力构件大多为悬臂梁，悬于一套锚固在崖壁之上的抗拉带上。供游人单向通过的木质桥面宽0.5m，在距离桥面上方1.2m处，两侧均设有栏杆，栏杆之下是不锈钢丝网。两侧栏杆相距0.8m。

由于施工限制，步道在设计时出于对人工搭建的客观需要的考虑，使用了轻型和小型构件；仅弧形桥 （以及某几段直形桥体）是在被切分成6块之后，动用一部小型吊车实现了安装。（路培 译）

项目信息/Credits and Data

主持工程师/Engineer in Charge:K.LaRose

步道总长/Total Length:213m

步道宽/Width:0.5～0.8m

摄影/Photos:卡普兰诺吊桥公园/Capilano Suspension Bridge Park

2　悬挑于崖壁上的步道/the cliffwalk cantilevered from the rock

3.4　卡普兰诺吊桥/the Capilano suspension bridge

The Capilano Cliffwalk is located in the park along the Capilano River Canyon,where a famous 136-meter-long suspension bridge was built in 1889,and rebuilt two times,in 1903 and 1956,respectively.The park is visited by about 750,000 people annually.

The new footpath was intended to provide an access to some previously unexplored areas in the eastern face of the canyon,keeping a minimal impact on the rainforest environment.The structure was conceived to be supported by rock anchors,thus reducing its impact on foundation area to only 11m2:the rock bolts are anchored with cement grout over the full length of the bar with a total length of 510m.

As a result,a 213-meter-long walkway now juts from some anchor points in the granite cliff face about 90 metres above the river:it consists of a high spiral staircase,8 bridges,7 stairs and 2 glass floor platforms.It is mainly cantilevered from the rock face by 3m to avoid exposure to rock fall.

At its highest point,the Cliffwalk reaches 90m above the Capilano River; at several locations,some platforms provide larger areas along the walkway,in order to allow people to rest.

A 30m long curved bridge reaches out almost 8 m,offering a spectacular view over the forest:it is made from three curved longitudinal steel beams hanged on one side to 9 cables,converging to a unique hooking point on a higher rock.

The other support structures are mostly cantilever girders,suspended to a set of tension ties anchored in the cliff face.A 0.5-meter-wide timber deck with an upward opening hand rail and a stainless steel woven wire mesh railing allows a one-way single file pedestrian:the width between the handrails is 0.8m at a height of 1.2m above the deck.

Because of limited access to construction,the structure has been designed to be built by hand,using small and light components; only the curved bridge(plus some straight bridge segments)that was divided into six distinct segments required a small crane.

5 弧形步道近景/Close view,the curved cliffwalk

6 俯瞰弧形步道/Bird's-eye view,the curved cliffwalk

7 步道上的休息平台/Platform on the cliffwalk

评论

俞孔坚：这座高悬于半空的栈桥，是人类工程智慧与冒险欲望的最完美的表达，它以把最灵敏的量尺，测量着每个跃跃欲试的挑战者的心脏的健康性；它将向勇敢的探险者提供现代人类从未有过的视觉和精神体验，唤起其猿猴时代的丛林记忆；同样，它让无数望而却步者，在内心留下永远的遗憾。它的有惊无险，把走钢丝的体验普及给了有探险勇气但不愿冒生命危险的游客。该桥出自以习惯用机械修建大型基础设施建设著称的工程公司，实在难能可贵。它延伸了桥的狭义的定义，告诉人们，桥可以是沟通人类远古经验和记忆与现实体验的联系纽带。

Comments

YU Kongjian:this trestle bridge,cantilevering into midair,is a perfect presentation of human wisdom of construction together with appetite for risk.For every challenger itch for a try,it is a most sensitive measurer for their heart health.This bridge offers the modern strong-hearted adventurers an unprecedented view and spirit experience,reminding of their jungle memories at an ape era and meanwhile leaves most of the people stepping back with everlasting regret.With a more thrilling than dangerous design,it makes the wire walking experience pervasive among majority of visitors who are courageous adventure lovers but worried about their life safety.What is much more valuable is that the bridge builder is known and advantageous for its use of machines to construct large infrastructures.Through expanding bridge's narrow definition,it shows that a bridge can be a link to connect ancient human experiences and memories with reality.

房木生：显然，这是一个有大情怀的工程。自然中不缺乏令人窒息的美丽，缺的是发现美的眼睛和角度。为了让更多的人能从鸟、兽的角度去体验自然的美感，设计师、工程师极尽折返腾挪之本事，为体验者提供了轻松地上树梢、过悬崖、瞰河谷等非常的体验。而且，在帮助普通人获得这些非常自然体验的同时，带人们进入的设施却又在其自身的极简、极轻中在自然面前“消失”，或至少没有破坏自然乃至为自然增添了一种几何的美丽，体现了设计师、工程师在表达情怀时的克制和高超水平。

FANG Musheng:Apparently,this is a piece of works full of great affections.Nature is never in short of breathtaking scenes,but it is eyes and perspectives of discovering them that are missing.In order to offer visitors a bird's and animal's eye views of natural splendor,designers and engineers spare no efforts onto twists and turns and spatial movement of the bridge,creating a fantastic experience of easy access over treetops and cliffs,as well as a full view of the river valleys.This bridge aids everyone to experience the nature quite sensibly,while masked the access as if disappeared to allow such a feeling to enter a simple and light bridge body,or at least not destroying the natural environments,or more adding a geometrical beauty to the nature,reflecting the restraint and high-level skill of the designers in expressing feelings.