语法填空专项训练

2016-04-08 22:35湖北徐鸿鸣
教学考试(高考英语) 2016年4期
关键词:空格时态介词

湖北 徐鸿鸣

语法填空专项训练

湖北 徐鸿鸣

Passage 1

When times become difficul(tand you know they sometimes will),remember__1_moment in your life that was filled with joy and_2_(happy). Remember how it made you feel,and you will have the strength you need to get through any trial.

When life__3_(throw)you one more obstacle than you think you can handle,remember something you achieved through perseverance and by_4_(struggle)to the end. In doing so,youl’l find you have the ability to overcome each obstacle brought your way.

When you find yourself exhausted and short_5_ energy,remember to find a shelter and rest.

Take the necessary time in your own life_6_(dream)your dreams and renew your energy,so youl’l be ready to face each new day.

When you feel tension building,find something fun to do. Youl’l find that the stress you feel_7_(be)relieved and your thoughts will become__8_(clear).

Your’e listening to Faith Radio Online—Simply to Relax _9_ Im’ Faith. When your’e faced with so many negative and difficult situations,realize how insignificant problems will seem when you view_10_(you)life as a whole—and remember the positive things.

Passage 2

The important thing in life is to have a great goal and the determination to attain it. Living without a goal is like_1_(sail)without a compass. Lack of purpose is the cause of most of our_2_(failure). When a great aim has been decided on,determination and persistence are most important. _3_Benjamin Franklin said,“He who is patient can have whatever he wants.”This persistence is necessary;_4_(success)people expect periodic defeats,learn what went wrong and why,and make necessary adjustments,and try again. If you are persistent,you will almost_5_(definite)succeed. When Ludwig van Beethoven,“the Michelangelo of Music”,_6_(reach)his peak,he was totally deaf. If you study_7_(he)biography,and get acquainted with his trials,his hardships,battles,and triumphed over fate. Success seldom comes easily on the first try. What_8_(separate)the successful from the unsuccessful is persistence. Many organizational analysts and career consultants consider persistence to be ultimate key_9_success at both the organizational and personal level. Successful people also fail occasionally,__1__0_they do not let their failures defeat their spirit.

Passage 3

Grinding an Iron Rod into a Needle

Li Bai was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty of China.

It is said_1_in his childhood,he__2_(be)very fond of playing and afraid of_3_(difficult),and made slow progress in his studies.

One day, 4_his way home after school,he walked by a creek and saw_5_old woman grinding a very,very thick iron rod.

Out of__6_(curious),he went to the old woman and asked:“Old grandma,why are you grinding this iron rod?”

The old woman replied:“_7_(make)a needle.”

At this moment,Li Bai felt more curious and asked again:“How can you grind such a thick iron rod into a needle?”

“Yes,I can. I_8_(certain)can,”the old woman said.“If one_9_(work)with constant effort,one can grind an iron rod into a needle.”

_10_(hear)the old woman’s words,Li Bai was enlightened(开明的,被启发的). Since then,Li Bai studiedhard and made rapid progress. Eventually he became a famous poet.

Passage 4

A Letter to Apply for a Student Loan

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am a freshman in Peking University__1_(major)in Civil Engineering. I am applying to your bank for a loan of 10 000 yuan. It is hard for me_2_(make)the application,but I have to. Last year both my parents_3_(be)laid off,and to make matters_4_(bad),three months ago my mother was discovered to have caught a serious disease._5_,I could not get support for my study from my family any more. But I treasure_6_opportunity to go to college very much,and I have no_7_(choose)but to ask for your help. If the application__8_(approve),all the money will go to my tuition and fees for the next two years. I guarantee to repay the loan_9_five years,that is,one year after my graduation. _10_(attach)are documents confirming my statements. I would be greatly obliged if my application is granted. Many thanks.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

【参考答案与解析】

Passage 1

【文章大意】当你身陷困境或感觉筋疲力尽时,多想想你生命中快乐和幸福的时刻,以及自己的梦想,一切都会好起来。

【文章来源】http://www.langfly.com/a/20100721/114643. shtml

1. a。考查冠词。moment在此处表示“时刻,一段时间”,故前面应用不定冠词修饰,表示“一段时间”。

2. happiness。考查名词。and为并列连词,连接两个并列结构,空格前面的“joy”为抽象名词,故后面也应使用名词,happy的名词形式为happiness。

3. throws。考查主谓一致。life为抽象名词,作主语时,谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。且此句根据上下文可知,应使用一般现在时,故应填throws。

4. struggling。考查非谓语动词。空格前的“by”为介词,后面应接动名词形式,表示“通过做某事的方式”。

5. of。考查介词。“be short of ”为固定搭配,表示“缺少,短缺”,故此处应填of。

6. to dream。考查非谓语动词。根据句意“利用生活中必要的时间来构思自己的梦想”可知,此处应填不定式作目的状语。

7. will be。考查时态。根据上文中的“You’ll find that...”及下文中的“and your thoughts will become...”可知,此处时态也应与前后文的时态保持一致,故应使用一般将来时。

8. clearer。考查形容词比较级。句意为:当压力得到缓解后,思维就会变得更为清晰。根据句意可知,此处应使用形容词比较级形式。

9. and。考查连词。句意为:您正在收听的是Faith Radio Online—Simply to Relax,我是Faith。这两个分句之间是自然承接关系,应使用and来连接。

10. your。考查代词。此句的主语是“you”,后面的宾语也应该是第二人称,此处意为“意识到相对于你的整个生命”,因空格后面是名词,故此处只能用形容词性物主代词“your”来修饰life。

Passage 2

【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文,讲述了一个人要成功应具备的素质——应有目标以及实现目标的决心,此外坚持也是必需的。

【文章来源】http://wenku.baidu.com/link?url=R5Q2f EQ0PdotTlqC0mTuj7fcOFxFhmHkjeC4tYA89KFg6LqbX7U BAwBVws0mlR2iHOF26sFPRI4U7P3WxdT8USIOmp6w_4q rFOJZEeZOqbS

1. sailing。考查非谓语动词。like是介词,介词后面的动词必须使用动名词形式。故应填sailing。

2. failures。考查名词。failure是可数名词,此处泛指很多次的失败,故应使用其复数形式。

3. As。考查连词。根据句子结构可知,此句属于非限制性定语从句,从句位于主句之前,且表示“正如……”,只能用as引导。

4. successful。考查形容词。由空格后是名词可知,此空应用形容词来修饰people。

5. definitely。考查副词。根据前后句子结构可知,此处应使用副词形式,修饰谓语动词succeed。

6. reached。考查动词时态。贝多芬已是古人,故此处应用一般过去时。

7. his。考查代词。空格前的“study(研究)”是及物动词,空格后的“biography(传记)”是名词,故空格处应使用形容词性的物主代词his,表示“他的传记”。

8. separates。考查主谓一致。此句中what引导的是主语从句,而what代指的是后面表语的内容,表示整体,应属于单数,故动词应使用第三人称单数形式。

9. to。考查介词搭配。当表示“……的钥匙”时,必须使用“the key to...”来搭配。

10. but。考查连词。根据上下文可知,此处应表示转折关系,故填but。

Passage 3

【文章大意】“只要功夫深,铁杵磨成针”的故事在中国可谓是家喻户晓,本文重温李白少年时期这一经典故事,旨在指导青少年学生做任何事都要肯下真功夫。

【文章来源】http://www.kekenet.com/read/201510/ 399567.shtml

1. that。考查常用句式。“It is said that...”是常用句式,意为“据说……”,此处that不能省略。

2. was。考查时态。李白是唐朝人物,是很遥远的过去,故此处应填一般过去时形式was。

3. difficulties。考查名词。空格前的of是介词,后面应使用名词形式,difficulty表示“困难,难题”,是可数名词,故此处应填difficulties,意即李白害怕多种困难。

4. on。考查介词。“on one’s way home”是固定表达,表示“在某人回家的路上”,故此处应填介词on。

5. an。考查冠词。此处表示“李白看见一个老奶奶”,老奶奶在此属于泛指,又因“old”以元音音素开头,故应填an。

6. curiosity。考查名词。空格前的“out of ”是介词短语,后面应接名词,curious的名词形式是curiosity。

7. To make。考查非谓语动词。此句是承接上文“why are you grinding this iron rod?”,磨铁杵是为了做成针,故应使用不定式作目的状语。

8. certainly。空格后是情态动词can,此处只能使用副词对can加以强调,意即“我肯定能”。

9. works。考查主谓一致。此处是条件状语从句,句子不能使用将来时,主语是“one”,为第三人称单数,故谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。

10. Hearing。考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知,此处是状语,因hear的逻辑主语就是句子主语“Li Bai”,为主动,故应填现在分词Hearing。

Passage 4

【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文,一个刚入大学的学生向一家银行申请贷款,并叙述了自己申请的原因和所遇到的困难。

【文章来源】http://www.docin.com/p-1279834300. html+原创

1. majoring。考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知,此处作定语,修饰“freshman”,故应使用现在分词形式,表示“学习土木工程的大学新生”。

2. to make。考查非谓语动词。“It is +形容词+ for sb. to do sth.”是固定句型,故此处应用不定式形式。

3. were。考查时态和主谓一致。根据句首的“Last year”可知,此处应使用一般过去时,又因主语是“both my parents”,故此处应填were。

4. worse。考查形容词比较级。“to make matters worse”是固定结构,表示“更糟的是……”,是一种表示糟糕情况的递进。

5. Therefore。考查副词。前面叙述了母亲被发现得了重病,下文讲到不能从家里得到经济援助,故中间应使用therefore,表示因果关系。

6. the。考查冠词。此处意为“珍惜上大学的机会”,机会是特指,故其前面应用定冠词the修饰。

7. choice。考查名词。空格前是形容词性不定代词no,可知此处应使用名词形式,且“I have no choice but to do...”也是一种固定句型,表示“除了……别无选择”。

8. is approved。考查被动语态。申请是被批准的,应使用被动语态,且此处是if引导的条件状语从句,从句中不能使用将来时,故答案为is approved。

9. within/in。根据句意,此处应表示“在五年之内”,不会是五年之后或之前,因此介词应使用within或in。

10. Attached。考查形容词。此句是倒装句,还原后是“documents are attached confirming my statements”。“be attached(to)”是一个短语,表示“附上”,在“主系表”结构中,当句中作表语的词提至句首时,应倒装,其结构为“表语+系动词+主语”。

(作者单位:湖北省巴东县第一中学)

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