□邱世才
How much much与HowHow manymany知“多少”
□邱世才
How much...?与How many...?是特殊疑问句中表示“多少”的常用句式,你对它们的用法了解多少呢?下面,我们来对How much与How many的用法作个对比,你心中的疑惑定能一一化解。
1.“how much”意为“多少”“几个”,how much用于疑问句中,修饰不可数名词。如:
How much meat do you want to buy?你想要多少肉?
2.“how many”意为“多少”“几个”,用于疑问句中,修饰可数名词复数或集体名词。如:
How many apples would you like?你想要多少苹果?
1.How much除了用于询问数目多少外,也可询问价格。在句式上有两种不同结构。如:
(1)How much is+单数名词或不可数名词?如:
How much is the bottle of orange,please?请问这瓶桔子汁多少钱?
(2)How much are+可数名词的复数?这是询问商品价格的句型。如:
How much are the oranges,please?请问桔子多少钱?
链接:How much用于询问价钱,表示“多少钱”,通常不说How much money...,how much用来询问某商品的价格时,其后面的be动词是is还是are,由句子的主语单、复数来确定。若句子主语是单数可数名词或不可数名词时,用“How much is...?”;若句子主语是可数名词的复数形式,用“How much are...?”。
2.How many...?是用来询问数目多少的特殊疑问句的句型。常用的句型结构有两种,如:
(1)How many+可数名词复数+助动词(情态动词)+主语+动词原形?如:
How many birds can you see?你能看见几只鸟?
(2)How many+可数名词复数+be there+主语?如:
How many children are there under the tree?树下有几个小孩?
1.How much...?询问价格的应用时,因购买的物品名词有可数名词和不可数名词之分,所以随句式不同,回答的方式也不同。如:
(1)How much is+单数名词+…?用于询问商品的价钱。
—How much is the coke,please?请问可口可乐多少钱?
—It’s two yuan a bottle.二元钱一瓶。
(2)How much is+不可数名词+…?用于询问商品的价钱。
—How much is the bottle of orange,please?请问这瓶桔子汁多少钱?
—It’s one yuan a bottle.一元钱一瓶。
(3)How much are+复数名词+…?用于询问商品的价钱。
—How much are the oranges,please?请问这些桔子多少钱?
—They are two yuan a kilo.两元钱一公斤。
回答时,用:It’s+价格,其中it指代问句中的单个商品;用They’re+价格,其中they指代问句中的多个商品,也可直接用具体的价格来回答。如:
—How much is the dictionary?这本字典多少钱?
—(It’s)38 yuan.38元。
链接:询问价钱还可以用:How much,please?/How much do you want for it?/How much do you say it is?/What’s the price of...?/ How much(What)does it cost?如:
What’s the price of this book?/What does this book cost?这本书多少钱?
2.How much...?询问不可数名词数量的应用。How much...?/How much+不可数名词?用于询问数量,表示对物体的数量提问。much用来修饰或限定不可数名词,how much强调量的多少。如:
—How much rice do you want?你想要多少大米?
—One bag.一袋。
—How much do you want?你想要多少?
—I want some chicken.我要一些鸡肉。
链接:How much is...?对四则运算结果进行提问,此时How much可与What互换。
—How much/What is two and four?二加四等于多少?
—It’s six.等于六。
3.对How many...?问句进行回答,通常有三种不同的应答方式。
(1)回答“(一个也)没有”,可用not any。如:
—How many balls are there under the table?桌子下面有多少个球?
—There aren’t any.一个也没有。
(2)回答“只有一个”,可用only one或one。如:
—How many cats are there under the bed?床下有多少只猫?
—There’s(only)one.有一只(仅有一只)。
(4)回答“若干个”,可直呼其数,用基数词表示。如:
—How many people are there in your class?你班上有多少人?
—There are fifty.五十个人。
1.There be...结构是使用频率较高的句型,我们必须熟练掌握它。对There be...句型中主语的限定数量词如some等提问时,如果主语是不可数名词,用“How much+不可数名词+is there+时间(或地点状语)”的句型结构。如:
There is some meat in the basket.(对划线部分提问)
→How much meat is there in the basket?
2.对There be...句型中主语的限定数量词如some,a,only one等提问时,如果主语是可数名词,不管主语是单数还是复数都要用复数形式,因为问话的人不知道数量,且many后只能跟复数名词,所以be动词一定要用are。用How many提问的句子注意不要丢掉are there。即用“How many+复数名词+are there+时间(或地点状语)”的句型结构。如:
There are four girls under the tree.(对划线部分提问)
→How many girls are there under the tree?