农家书屋工程的实践与思考：基于新农村视角——以成都市郫县为例*

彭 勃 张珍华

（西华大学马克思主义学院，四川 成都 610039）

农家书屋工程的实践与思考：基于新农村视角
——以成都市郫县为例*

彭 勃 张珍华

（西华大学马克思主义学院，四川 成都 610039）

农家书屋工程作为社会主义新农村建设的重要举措之一，在服务“三农”的进程中扮演着非常重要的角色，发挥着愈来愈重要的作用。自2007年以来，四川省成都市郫县“农家书屋”工程的建设和发展工作不断推进，营造了良好的舆论氛围，取得了扎实的社会成效，形成了农民群众读书学习的社会主义新风尚，为当前各地更好地开展农民教育工作、推进农家书屋工程的建设和发展以及建设好社会主义新农村塑造了典型，提供了理论借鉴和经验指导。本文基于新农村建设的大背景，立足于郫县农家书屋工程的实际，从其取得良好社会成效的主要措施入手，探寻并分析其做法的参考价值，以期对当前我国农家书屋工程的健康可持续发展建言献策。

农家书屋工程；实践；思考

自2007年3月，新闻出版总署等八个单位和部门联合发出《关于印发〈农家书屋工程实施意见〉的通知》后，“农家书屋”这项惠民的文化工程在农村如雨后春笋般悄然耸立。十八大报告中指出：“丰富人民精神文化生活，让人民享有健康丰富的精神文化生活，是全面建成小康社会的重要内容”，要“坚持面向基层、服务群众，加快推进重点文化惠民工程”，“继续推动公共文化服务设施向社会免费开放”，不断加快推进社会主义新农村建设进程，这些都显示出党和政府对农家书屋工程的高度重视，突出了其在当今中国的特殊地位和价值作用。在社会主义新农村建设的关键时期和农村经济转型的紧要关头，农家书屋的健康和可持续发展既面临着严峻的挑战，也面临着难得的历史新机遇。鉴于此，如何更好地因地制宜、优化和整合资源、扩大和发挥优势，推动农家书屋工程健康可持续发展，更好地为广大农民群众服务，为社会主义新农村经济社会发展和文化繁荣的大局服务，俨然成为当前农家书屋建设和可持续发展所面临的首要任务和必须正视、思考和解决的现实问题。本文以成都市郫县农家书屋工程实践为例，总结了其主要措施和取得成效，并指出了其做法的参考价值，对当前农家书屋工程的健康可持续发展具有一定的借鉴意义。

一、郫县农家书屋工程建设和发展成效

农家书屋是为满足农民文化需要，在行政村建立的、农民自己管理的、能提供农民使用的书报刊物和音像电子产品阅读视听条件的公益性文化服务设施，旨在满足和实现广大农民群众基本文化权益，解决农民群众读书难、看报难的问题[1]。同时，也是党中央、国务院确定实施的一项情系百姓、惠泽于民、泽被子孙的福利工程，对发展和繁荣农村公共文化服务、

全面建成社会主义新农村具有重大而深远的历史和现实意义。

郫县农家书屋工程建设工作起步于2007年，经过近几年的发展，截止目前，全县共有14个镇（街道）、201个村（涉农社区）已经实现了农家书屋的全覆盖，每个书屋配备图书2000余册、报刊30余种、电子音像制品100余张、座椅10把、阅览桌1张，还配备了图书管理员1名（村干部或村大学生）。同时，实行每天8小时的开放制度（节假日除外）。经过不断建设和发展，到目前为止，全县共建成国家级示范书屋1个、省级示范书屋7个、市级示范书屋48个，示范率达33.5%。当前，郫县正着力将农家书屋打造为新农村公共文化服务体系建设的新平台，正逐步将其建设成为广大农民群众读书学习、增长知识、提升能力、陶冶情操的精神乐园和学法懂法、科技致富的“智件园”和“先锋营”，而农家书屋的不断发展也正在为建设“生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁、管理民主”的社会主义新农村发挥着积极而重大的作用。

二、郫县积极推进农家书屋工程建设的重要举措

郫县农家书屋工程经过近几年的发展，得到了农民群众的普遍欢迎和积极响应，并以其发展快、稳、好，后劲足等特点，深受上级领导和兄弟县市的赞誉与青睐，究其原因就在于郫县各级领导的高度重视和所采取的强有力的保障措施。具体来说，可以总结为“四个统筹”，即：

（一）统筹规划，合理布局建设农家书屋

在布局和规划上，郫县将农家书屋纳入到全县新农村建设和基层组织建设内容进行统一协调，在明确目标任务、建设标准、资金投入的同时，综合考虑各行政村分布状况以及经济、文化现状等多方因素，实现了全县农家书屋的科学规划、合理布局及建设时序。具体来说，即：一是在农家书屋工程建设的选址上，进行统一规划，要求各镇（街道）将农家书屋建设在群众活动频繁的地方及村便民服务中心等场所，以便于农民群众阅读和学习；二是指导各镇（街道）综合利用综合文化室等阵地进行合建，形成多功能学习活动场所，保证农家书屋有阵地，使其全面覆盖到全县各个行政村（涉农社区）；三是大力整合各方优势资源，做到文化资源的优化配置、合理利用和共建共享。把农家书屋工程建设与新农村文化基础设施体系建设、便民服务体系建设、农村信息资源共享工程建设以及全民读书日等丰富多彩的活动有效结合、合力推进。在具体操作上，郫县首先召集14个镇（街道）主管领导就规划任务做了具体部署和安排，要求各级领导高度重视、狠抓落实，并将书屋规划建设成效纳入各级领导年终考评体系；其次，在书屋的统筹上，可以根据各个镇（街道）的不同情况，有针对性的开展。尤其是在资金投入上，可以多元化，除了政府投入外，各镇（街道）可根据自身实际，吸纳资金投入 ；此外，要求做到既统一但又不千篇一律，针对各镇的不同实际，有效整合和利用有效资源，把优势最大化、成果特色化。

（二）统筹建设，落实文化惠民各项要求

在农家书屋的建设上，郫县落实文化惠民的各项具体要求，做到抓重点、重落实、促实绩、保长效，工作深入、细致、扎实。具体来说，即：一是坚持分步推进，有序实施。着力落实农家书屋工程建设的分步实施计划，以示范性书屋的标准对全县所有农家书屋进行统一要求和建设。同时，组织201个村（社区）的书屋管理员、读书爱好者到书市进行合理化和个性化采购；每年补充和更新图书时，先将书单发送到各镇（街道）、行政村，由各镇（街道）、行政村根据自身实际自行选择、决定所需采购的书目，从而确保配送给各个农家书屋的出版物在最大程度上契合农民需求，符合地方要求，做到“量身定做”、“量体裁衣”，保证富有特色。二是坚持共建共享理念，进行多元化投入。通过引导和建立多元化长效投入机制，采取“财政补贴、部门帮扶、社会捐助”等多渠道多方式筹措经费，逐步构建“政府主导、公益性建设、自主化管理”的有效化推进机制。近年来，郫县组织多部门共同参与帮扶助建，配送适用图书不断充实农家书屋。此外，通过群众捐书、进行图书流转等方法，丰富了农家书屋的藏书，补充了新鲜血液，做到了与时俱进，增强了图书的可读性。三是坚持以点带面，示范带动。

以农家书屋的全覆盖为着力点，定期召开管理员培训会，积极推进示范性农家书屋建设，实现以点带面、整体统筹、有序推进。

（三）统筹管理，提高农家书屋运行水平

在管理上，郫县做到了对各农家书屋的立体化统筹。具体来说，即：一是按照“四统一”标准，要求各镇（街道）对农家书屋统一服务设施、统一服务规范、统一规章制度、统一实行群众满意度测评，确保有人管事、有章理事；二是多形式选配文化管理人员，强化农家书屋管理员队伍建设，加大宣传力度，注重从退休干部和挂职大学生中选聘书屋管理人员（以专职为主、兼职为辅），推动农家书屋管理的规范化、有序化和长效化；三是将各镇（街道）农家书屋的建设管理成效纳入年终目标考核体系，以此提升各镇（街道）执行能力和管理水平；四是建设统一模式，郫县首先在行政村上做出示范性样板，召集各镇（街道）文化站站长及农家书屋管理人员集中在示范样板书屋学习统一建设和管理模式，将全县所有农家书屋按照同一个模式进行统一分类、编目，达到全县陈列的集体、统一效果；五是以制度建设为抓手，制定保证农家书屋正常有序运行的各项管理制度，包括管理员制度、图书借阅登记制度、图书选配制度、经验交流等制度，保证农家书屋在管理上有章可循。

（四）统筹使用，发挥农家书屋综合效用

在统筹使用上，郫县发挥了农家书屋的综合效用。具体来说，即：一是抓好载体建设，不断增强书屋的活力。郫县充分利用农家书屋积极开展各类读书学习活动，指导各镇（街道）以农家书屋为依托定期开展读书会、学习交流会和各类读书征文等比赛活动，引导农民群众爱书读书用书，从而养成爱读书、好读书、读好书的良好习惯，营造学习型社会的新风尚。与此同时，郫县积极拓展书屋的文化娱乐、信息窗口、培训基地、第二课堂等“附加”功能，通过创办“农民学校”、“技术职能培训班”、“致富课堂 ”等形式，以及邀请当地的致富能手、“土专家”等前来传授知识、经验与方法，挖掘农家书屋的“潜力”，使其更好地为农民群众服务。不断将农家书屋建设成为农民群众的理论学习站、信息交流站、技术推广站、文化娱乐站、知识加油站和文明传播站，以此加速提升农家书屋为农民生产生活服务的能力和效用，有效扩大农家书屋的文化影响力和文明传播力。二是创新服务模式、延伸服务功能，全力推进以农家书屋为重点的公共文化服务体系建设。截至目前，郫县14个镇（街道）均建起了综合文化站，以201个行政村（涉农社区）为载体，建设农家书屋201个，改变了农村文化设施不足、公共文化供给相对贫乏的状况，提升了公共文化传播能力，发挥了农家书屋的综合效用。

三、郫县农家书屋工程建设的思考和有益借鉴

在农家书屋推进的过程中，郫县立足于自身实际，善于调动和运用一切有利资源，围绕新农村建设的大局开展工作，不断探索和改进新方式、新方法，并将其切实运用到实际工作中，想方设法让书屋如一汪活水，流动起来。这些举措，在带给我们思考的同时，也为农家书屋过程的健康可持续发展提供了有益借鉴。具体来说，有以下几点：

（一）落实领导责任制，建立共建共管机制

为保证农家书屋的健康可持续发展，可以考虑制定并落实领导责任制。具体来说，即将农家书屋的建设、管理、使用和维护各个环节落实到具体的人，实行分管责任制，与领导个人的考核、业绩、待遇及未来发展相挂钩，并纳入个人年终考核。这样不仅可以从根本上提高各级领导对农家书屋工程的重视程度，而且可以很好地提高各项工作的推进效率。同时，应注重建立共建共管机制，为基层政府减压。这样既可以促使基层政府和领导者在思想和行动上对农家书屋工程以足够的重视，又可以在一定程度上减轻其负担，提高工作效率。以郫县为例，在农家书屋工程启动之初，郫县就明确要求和提出了有关书屋规划、建设、管理、使用等各个环节、各个方面的责任，做到了有的放矢，在具体推进的过程中，对主体责任制度进行着不断的补充和完善。这样，就保证了在工程进行过程中一旦出现纰漏或问题就可以直接落实到人，便于及时查缺补漏，从根本上保证书屋的平稳运行。

（二）加强宣传报道力度，提升群众知晓度

农家书屋建立之初，得不到农民群众关注的很大原因就在于农民群众不知晓。因为不知晓，所以没兴趣。而不知晓的很大一部分原因在于宣传报道的力度不够。对此，可以利用广播电视等媒体进行广泛的宣传报道，扩大社会影响，提高群众知晓度，引起广泛关注，力争做到家家知晓，进而户户参与。而郫县在农家书屋工作起步时就注重宣传报道，通过郫县广播电视台、郫县公众信息网、郫县乡村广播等对其进行了专题报道，并对最新活动的开展动态进行不间断的实时跟进报道，提高了群众知晓度，扩大了社会影响，营造了良好的学习氛围，为农家书屋工程的后续发展奠定了基础。

（三）合理选配图书，建立健全图书资源更新补充机制

有调查表明，致富信息、农业知识、娱乐休闲、法律知识、教育卫生知识等是农民群众最喜欢的几类图书。在图书选配和更新上应立足实际，因地制宜，关注未来，不断完善书屋图书结构和体系，适当的多选择符合当地产业发展特色的书籍。一方面，可以与当地高校图书馆进行“联姻”，建立联动机制。比如，郫县就依托西华大学、西南交通大学和郫县图书馆等优势资源，将农家书屋与其有效结合、流转运行，形成了“流动图书室+农家书屋”的运转模式，建成了一套相对完整的运行机制。另一方面，针对不同年龄阶段的不同需求配备个性化图书资料。例如，对于留守儿童，可以配备适量儿童类的读物；对于新一代的年轻人可以配备政治、经济军事类的书刊；对于中学生，可以配备相应的教辅资料；对于老年人，可以配备相应的报纸等。第三，因地制宜谋发展。对于不同的地区选配适合本地区发展、具有当地特色的书刊，帮助农民群众找到“黄金屋”和“颜如玉”。从这个层面而言，郫县立了个好的标杆。如：郫县唐元镇种植韭黄面积较广，书屋里就相应的配置了更多关于蔬菜种植等方面的图书；友爱镇适合发展文化旅游业，就适当的多选购了关于旅游业发展、经营、管理等方面的图书等。此外，除过传统书目外，农家书屋工程还应在有条件的地区建立“电子书屋”、配备电脑资源、引入电子书刊、配置与农业生产相关的实用性较强的电子音像制品，充分利用网络优势达到加快书屋资源更新、吸引更多群众投入生产学习之目标。

（四）定期开展各类活动，提高群众参与热情

书屋建立起来后，要以不同方式持续的给予它外界刺激，才能使其保持活力。而开展丰富多样的读书、比赛等活动则是“刺激源”。通过开展读书活动，让静止在书屋里的图书动起来，让农民群众动起来，让知识鲜活起来，让书屋更富有生命力。在活动举办上，2014年和2015年，郫县以“农家书屋”为依托举办了以“书香郫县、爱撒鹃城”为主题的系列读书比赛系列活动，作为开展农民素质教育、提高农民素质的主要措施之一，活动的成功举办吸引了众多眼球，提高了大家的学习兴趣，激发了群众的读书热情，读书看报、学习进步蔚然成风。同时，郫县还定期开展“乡村韭黄种植成果展”和各类农业比武大赛等活动，切实使老百姓尝到了甜头，看到了希望，也清楚了自身素质与能力的不足，从而促使更多的人加入到了农家书屋的建设和发展行列之中。在提高群众参与热情的同时，丰富了文化活动载体，并创造出属于当代农民的文化新常态，成效显著。在奖励机制上，郫县还创新性的建立了读者信息及借阅次数、借阅量的登记制度，完善了配套体制，并对于一定时期内读书学习表现积极的农民群众可予以相应的奖励和鼓励，以激励农民群众的读书积极性，激发学习兴趣、提高参与热情。

（五）加大培训力度，提高管理人员福利待遇

在管理人员的选聘上，可以考虑引入教师、学生等多方人员参与的长效机制；在管理人员的培训上，可以考虑与当地高校联手，组织编写有关培训教材，定期开展专业化培训，并完善培训制度，对通过培训课程考试的人员颁发结业证和上岗证，使其持证上岗，保证专业化、规范化、接地气和上档次；同时，在政府投入的基础上，可以考虑得到地方企业的资金支持，以更好地维持书屋运行，提高管理人员的待遇水平，使其更好地投入书屋的管理工作。而在这些方面，郫县不失为好的借鉴。工程伊始，郫县就十分注重书屋管理人员的选任和聘用，

从开始的各行政村村民轮流代管，到选派各文化站站长分管，到选拔任用大学生村官或退休村干部担任专职管理员，再到从更广的层面选任和聘用专门的书屋管理员实行岗前培训、颁发资格证、实行竞争上岗，并定期对其进行培训和考核，从开始探索到逐渐步入正轨，郫县在管理人员队伍的建设上开了个好头。

（六）整合优势资源，积极拓展新功能

在内容和功能上，可以积极创新、延伸农家书屋的新功能。农家书屋所面向和服务的主体是农民，但不仅仅局限于农民，除了可以作为农民群众的学习场所之外，还有多种“新”功能。比如，在学生的寒暑假时期，可以针对学生服务，作为留守儿童的学习乐园；还可以为大学生参加社会实践活动提供实习基地，也可为教学科研人员参与当地的经济文化建设，或完成农业科研项目课题提供良好的实践平台[2]。在形式和方法上，可以结合当地的戏曲、说唱、民歌、民谣及坝坝会等多种活动的形式，利用传统优势资源，增添农家书屋的活力和吸引力。归根结底，最重要的还是执行力，既要想得到，也要做得到，还要防止出现“雷声大雨点小”的形式主义作风。以郫县为例，为更好地发挥农家书屋综合效应，不断创新使用多元投入形式，不断拓展“开发”农家书屋的“特异”功能，发挥书屋的文化娱乐、信息窗口、培训基地、第二课堂等功能，邀请农业专家讲课，传授科技信息和致富经验；以农家书屋为依托，为留守儿童和大学生们开通了“第二课堂”，在提升资源利用率的同时，最大限度的突出了农家书屋的价值意义和特殊地位，值得借鉴。

（七）创新发展模式，完善运行机制

农家书屋工程是一项政府主导的德政和民生工程，旨在服务于广大农民群众，丰富其精神文化生活，以此提高全民文化素质。因此，在运行中应不断开拓创新，建立和健全发展体制机制。郫县在这方面做得不错。首先，在发展思维上，从主管领导到各个管理员都能做到不囿于固有状态，积极发现、探索新的发展模式，并积极建言献策。比如，有的管理员就提出，农家书屋工程是一个公益性的服务工程，在其资金投入上，可以实行“公益性起步，经营化运营”的方法；在发展模式上，可以采取“政府投入、社会参与、市场推动 ”的方式进行等。对此，各级领导一致认为，方案可行，并积极付诸实践。其次，在运行机制上，郫县采取了既联合发展又区别对待的原则，即：对全县所有的农家书屋进行统一管理，各个书屋又有其自主权，促使其更好发展。比如，实行统一的“一卡通”办理服务，一张卡可以在全县任何一个农家书屋借书，打破了各个书屋之间的界限，有效的将各个书屋联系在一起，既分散又统一。此外，在全县实行读者信息统一登记制度、图书信息统一录入制度、借阅信息统一登记制度，实现全县联机并网，资源共享，互帮互助。这样的好做法，值得推广和借鉴。尤其是郫县敢为人先的创新思维，更是不断推进农家书屋工程建设和发展的榜样。

四、结语

新农村建设中最重要的群体是农民，改善新一代农民的精神境界和整体风貌是创建农家书屋的根本目的[3]。因此，建设和发展好农家书屋就显得尤为突出和重要。农家书屋作为农村文化建设的新载体，正处于起步、发展和上升的关键时期，前路漫漫，任重道远。因此，农家书屋的建设、管理与后续发展应避免只让基层政府部门唱“独角戏”的现象，社会各界、各方力量的共同参与、共建共管势在必行。因为只有变“单口相声”、“对口相声”为“群口相声”，才能“聚指成拳”，发挥效用，全面提升国人思想文化等综合素质，推动我国早日迈进文化强国！

[1]朱维华,赵永红.对构建“农家书屋”可持续发展培育体系的探讨[J].农业考古,2011(3):171.

[2]李强.地方高校图书馆应介入“农家书屋”建设[J].图书馆学刊,2010(8):85-86.

[3]张瑞雪.基于社会主义新农村建设视角下农家书屋信息服务创新研究[J].才智,2014(6):372.

Abstract:Optimizing the utilityOf learning materials isOneOf the keys underlying the long-term developmentOf community education.This education is still in a preliminary phase in China, so is the practiceOf learning materials.This paper analyzes some effective approaches inOther countries in this respect, and discusses their insights to the community education in China.

Key Words: learning materials for community education, integrative utility, experiences; insights

Abstract: The fact that active aging is getting severe and the strategyOf internet + is deepening necessitates introducing this novel technology into the community-based and elderly-oriented education.In this respect, PinghuOf Zhejiang Province is advantageous in that it has already accumulated good experiences in constructing a solid infrastructure basis, and maintaining a well-performing platform, as well as boasting volunteersOf great quantity.This paper proposes such approaches to furthering this education with the assistanceOf internet + as redefining the education, exploring media literacy instruction, and developing specific learning materials.

Key words: Internet +; community-based and elderly-oriented education; media literacy

Abstract: Practitioners play an important role in community education development in China, and have recently become

OneOf the research hotspots.The present study reviews researchOn these workers from perspectivesOfOrientation and methodology, and summarizes major achievements in respectsOf conceptualization, literacy, training, and professionalization.

Key words: community education workers; researchOrientation; research method

Abstract: The present study polled academic periodicalsOf education studies published in China, and sampled ninety-four most frequently cited papers, and visualized their citation in the mapping knowledge domain.The findings revealed that those publications were so diversified and independent in their researchOrientations that they fell into twenty six distinct categories, although fourOf which, including thatOf constructivism-based learning, were comparatively congregated and had made great achievements.And resultsOf social network analysis indicated that among the twenty six categories, they were highly independent uponOne another, but they themselves were closely coherent, which was manifested by the low connectivity and aggregationOf their co-citation network.In addition, two publications by He Ke-kang were in the centerOf the co-citation, which implied that their most widespread and powerful influence in the academia.

Key words: education studies; educational research; mapping knowledge domain; social network analysis; co-citation

Abstract: Social Presence is advantageous in increasing the teaching effectOf a network-based course, improving learners’ satisfaction with the course, and facilitating the interaction between teachers and students.ExperiencesOf this paper’s author as a course forum tutor revealed that the learners’ social presence is yet to be strengthened.On lightOf action research theory, the author introduced a course-oriented QQ into herOnline instruction, in an endeavor to enhance students’ social presence in the forum and QQ.Findings indicated that theObjectives were fulfilled in addressing the following problems: fully exploiting advantagesOf mediaOf diversity, exploring real life topics for discussion, supplying learning materials, encouraging communicationOf instructionsOf various media, and maintaining sustainable attention to learners’ needs etc.

Key words: social presence; network course; course forum; course QQ

Abstract: It is imperative for teachers to promote their professional development to accommodate the progressOf learning-based society while science and technology are accelerating.In this respect, self-directed learning,OneOf the theories derived from the realmOf adult education shall play a part.This paper elaborates theories like self-directed learning, especially

phrasal self-directed learningOf Grow, and teachers’ phrasal professional development.Then the paper proposes some strategies to explore the advantagesOf self-directed learning in promoting teachers’ professional development.

Key words: self-directed learning; staged self-directed learning model; teacher’s professional development; teacher’s training

Abstract: The course Chinese Legislation History is introduced into the curriculumOf law studies to foster students, humanity literacy.But it has been almost a mission impossible for these students, whose inadequate knowledge base keeps them far from those classical literature, whetherOf Zhou Dynasty,Or Han,Or Song,Or else, which is even elusive to history majors.And it is gaining increasing unpopularity among students as well as teachers, thus it is urgent to reform the teaching.This paper proposes the following strategies to this end: upgrading the current learning materials, supplementing a courseOf general history, strengthening the teaching staff, readjusting the methodsOf the instruction and assessment etc.

Key Words: HistoryOf Chinese Legislation; teachingOf Chinese Legislation; history and Law; law studies

Abstract: The present study constructs a frameworkOn the basisOf multimodal model, which combines physiological instrument measuring method, 3D animation display method, and voice software analysis, and samples a school in Guangzhou to administrate an empirical researchOn learning L2 segmental phonemes and sugrasegmental phonemes.Results indicate a linguistic transfer effect in that there is no significant difference between the L1 group and experiment group, and significant difference between the experiment and control group, and L1 group and control group.

Key words: L2 phonetic acquisition; multimodality; linguistic transfer; physiological instrument; 3D animation; voice software

Abstract: Chinese economy is developing rapidly in recent years, and foreign students are increasingly flocking to.As a result, teaching Chinese as a foreign language is widely concerned.This paper samples some beginner Chinese learners, and analyzes their errors committed in using compoundsOf known characters, in an endeavor to digOut the underlying causes.The paper then proposes some measures to address the common problem plaguing learnersOf Chinese as a foreign language, in the hope to promote Chinese popularization.

Key words: beginner learners; compoundsOf known words; errors; Chinese as a foreign language

Abstract: MostOf Fitzgerald’s novels are characterized by cinematic exploration, which is realized by meansOf montage, special visual and aural effects, and soOn.This is best manifested by Tender is the Night, which took the writer’s nine yearsOf toil.The cinematic skill explored in the novel helps strengthen the story’s specific atmosphere, its characterization, in addition to more efficiently conveying the author’s thoughts and feelings, and the book’s underlying significance.

Key words: Fitzgerald, cinematic, novel, Tender Is the Night

Abstract: Nostalgia isOne the motifs dominating Chinese writers immigrating to North America, conveying their spiritual longing for their homeland and their identity recognition.But to accommodate an ever changing world, these writers have now set themselves free from the traditional confinement.While seeking for theirOwn existential liberty and personal value as an individual in interaction with theOther’s culture, they are acquiring a fresh cultural identity.

Key words: homesickness, North America , new immigrant literature

Abstract:Official calls used to be war declarations to condemn the enemies for their crimes, and they thus evidenced many historical events.When examined from perspectiveOf law studies, these announcements were analogous to special laws in the wartime.Ever since the late Qing Dynasty,Official calls played a big role in popularizing legislative thoughts like democracy, republic, liberty, and independence, and some laid solid foundation for later important legal documents.In addition, the historicalOfficial calls would contribute valuable thinking to today’s legislation construction in China.

Key words:Official calls; special law; legal history ; laws and decrees

Abstract: Within the frameworkOf risk regulation, the public’s role in examining construction projects is no longer the same as it used to be.People’s involvement, more than ensuring theOpenness and transparencyOf the government’s approval behaviors, helps transform the public’s intentions into common interests, and facilitates interactions between various interpretationsOf risks.In addition, the practice aims at communicating risk information, and dismissing experts’ distrusts

insteadOf eliciting concernsOf interests to be balanced by the government.This mechanism shall be erected in addressing the following problems: exploring the legislation to the fullest, guaranteeing communications throughout, sustaining the public trust in the government and experts, and making scientific policies in a democratic manner.

Key words: risk regulation; construction project; examination; public participation

Abstract: There have been two camps to account for the illegal conductOf peacefully acquiringOther’s properties in public,One being theoryOf peaceful acquisition, theOther secret acquisition.Although the former is well-constructed, and can address some problems, it fails to justify the criminal’s underlying intention.On theOther hand, the latter inherits the legal legacy, and is generally understood, as well as conforming to legislation model.Thus, this misbehavior shall be defined as a robbery, which criminal penalties are apt to cope with.

Key words: peaceful stealing; secret stealing; robbery

Abstract:On April 18, 2016, in responding to questionsOf corruption and bribery crimes widely concerned by judicial practitioners, scholars, and the public, the Supreme People’s Court and Supreme People’s Procuratorate jointly issued InterpretationOf Laws Applicable to CrimesOf Corruption and Bribery (hereafter referred to Interpretation).Undoubtedly, the Interpretation is a timely reply to defining and penalizing these crimes.However, there are still some defects in it.To better understand its advantages and disadvantages is to help crack the crime, give guidance to later practice, and further the constructionOf legislation and governance in China.

Key words: crimeOf corruption and bribery; anti-corruption; judicial interpretation; standardized quantity

Abstract: As the internet is flourishing, traditional newspapers are suffering, and undergoing a great transformation.this paper proposes applying analytic hierarchy process to constructing a model to assess the assetsOf a newspaper’s brand.In the process, each factor is quantified and granted a weight, which is adopted to be an index for the evaluation.This process is advantageous in that as a quantitative analysis instrument, it helps minimize subjectivity and personal difference in appraising a newspaper’s brand’s assets.

Key words: applicationOf analytic hierarchy process, brandOf a newspaper, assets, assessment

Abstract: The present study polled 430 farmer households from seven townsOf Conghua and fourOf Panyu, in an endeavor to survey their scientific literacy.The result showed that the farmer team was relatively stable andOf lower cultural level in general because 81.9%Of the farmers were between 35 and 60 yearsOld, 14.4%Of those were under 35 yearsOld and 3.7%Of those were above 60 yearsOld.Moreover, 51.9%Of those graduated from junior middle school, 16.3%Of those from senior high school and 15.5%Of those were pupil.The proportionsOf the farmers who were engaged in planting and fishing breeding & poultry raising were 91.1% and 8.9%, respectively.Generally speaking, the production scaleOf the farmers was less, for 66.2%Of the farmers had no more than 10 acres and the proportionOf farmers whose production scaleOf 10 to 30 acres, 30 to 50 acres andOver 50 acres were 12.7%, 9.1% and 1.0%, respectively.Overall, the farmers had a better family annual income, 57.1%Of them hadOver ten thousand yuan, 23.1%Of them had five to ten thousand yuan, 19.9%Of them had less than five thousand yuan.There would be a long way for improving the scientific and cultural qualityOf farmers for 40.8%Of them believed in geomanticOmen, and 27.9%Of them believed in fetish.However, the farmers had good consciousnessOf agricultural products quality safety, mostOf whom knew the Agriculture LawOf the People’s RepublicOf China, with high attention coefficientOf 65.5%; who knew the LawOf the People’s RepublicOf ChinaOn Quality and SafetyOf Agricultural Products were less, with attention coefficientOf 36.9%.The farmers also had some knowledgeOf science & technology such as transgenic technology, space breeding technology and digital technology, with the attention coefficientOf 58.5%, 15.8% and 11.9%, respectively, transgenic technology generally concerned especially.

Key words: Farmer; Scientific Quality; PopularizationOf Science

Abstract: The library construction project plays a very important role in building up a new village.Such a project has been developing and produced satisfactory effect ever since it was introduced into Pi CountyOf Chengdu in 2007 in that many farmers have accustomed to reading in their spare time, and a book loving environment has been transformed.The practice in Pi County has accumulated many experiences in developing farmersOriented education, furthering the project, and promoting buildingOf socialist new villages.This paper endeavors to theorize these experiences and give insights to future development.

Key words: village library projects, practice, thinking

StudyOn Developing Life-Long Learning in Guangzhou: Needs and Approaches

YU Yan & GONG Hong-wu & SHI Jing-ke
(GuangzhouOpen University, Guangzhou 510091)

OneOf the keys to developing a life-long learning city lies in addressing its citizens’ specific learning needs.The present study samples Guangzhou and administrates questionnaire survey to the residents there, in an endeavor to elicit from them some informative message like their conceptOf life-long learning, learning costs and effects, learningObjectives and expectations, environments, and influential factors and difficulties.

life-long learning city; residents’ learning needs; learning alternatives; suggestive countermeasures

Others’ ExperiencesOfOptimizing UtilityOf Learning Materials for Community Education

ZHAO Jun-yi
(Foreign Language DepartmentOf ChangzhouOpen University, Changzhou 213001)

Strategies to Apply Internet + to Developing Community-Based and Elderly-Oriented Education——Case StudyOf Pinghu, Zhejiang Province

DING li-juan
(Pinghu CollegeOf Zhejiang Radio & Television University, Pinghu 314200)

Reviewing ResearchOn Community Education Practitioners in China

HU Jing & TANG Su-su
(CollegeOf Vocational and Adult Education in Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165)

StudyOf Highly Cited Papers in Educational Periodicals in China from PerspectiveOf Mapping Knowledge Domain

CHEN Yu-lin
(SchoolOf Education Science, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015)

ResearchOn StrategiesOf Improving Social PresenceOf Learners in Network Course

YAO Yong-na
(Guangzhou CollegeOf Technology and Business, Guangzhou 510850, China)

ResearchOn Applying Self-Directed Learning to Teachers’Professional Development

NI Jia-li & CAI Jian-zhong
(SchoolOf Educational Information Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China )

ResearchOn Reforming TeachingOf Chinese Legislation History

YOU Jiao-jiao
（East China UniversityOf Political Science and Law, Shanghai 200042）

Empirical ResearchOn L2 Phonological Acquisition from Multimodal Perspective

TANG Chang-jiang
（Guangzhou Vocational CollegeOf Technology and Business, Guangzhou 511442）

StudyOf Errors Committed by Beginner Chinese Learners in Employing Novel CompoundsOf Known Characters

LUO Xiang-feng
(Liaoning CollegeOf Liberal Arts, Shenyang 110036)

On Fitzgerald’s ExplorationOf Cinematic Technique in Tender is the Night

ZHANG Jun-ping
（SchoolOf Foreign Studies, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China）

Beyond Homesickness——Motif StudyOf LiteratureOf Chinese Immigrants to North America

WU Jie
(Central South University, Hunan, Changsha ,410083)

SurveyOfOfficial Calls in History from PerspectiveOf Law Studies

SONG Wei-zhe
(East China UniversityOf Political Science and Law, Shanghai 200042)

MechanismOf Public Participation in ExaminationOf Construction Projects within FrameworkOf Risk Regulation

WANG Can
(East China UniversityOf Political Science and Law, Shanghai 200042)

DiscussionOn Defining BehaviorOf Peacefully Illegally AcquiringOther’s Properties in Public

ZHANG Lu-lu
(East China UniversityOf Political Science and Law, Shanghai 200042)

Advantages and DisadvantagesOf Latest Judicial InterpretationOf Corruption and Bribery Crimes

DENG Di
(East China UniversityOf Political Science and Law, Shanghai 200042)

Constructing a Model for Assessing a Newspaper’s Brand BasedOn Analytic Hierarchy Process

ZHANG Hong-mei
(Guangdong Peizheng College, Guangzhou 510830)

CHAE nNa Slhya so i-s ti nogf1&G HuEa nL ig-rzohngo2u&’ sD EFNaGr mHOen rg s -s’hSenc gi2e &n tL iIfAi cN L G iRtOenrgahcuy an3

&LI Ying-lan4
(1.DepartmentOf Finance, Zhongkai UniversityOf Agriculture and Engineering,Guangzhou 510225; 2.Guangzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Guangzhou 510520; 3.PanyuOfficeOf Administration for Agricultural Technology Extension,Guangzhou 511400; 4.Conghua Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Guangzhou 510920 )

AssessmentOf Village Library Project from PerspectiveOf New Village Construction——Case studyOf Pi County, Chengdu

PENG Bo & ZHANG Zhen-hua
(CollegeOf MarxismOf Xihua university, Chengdu 610039, China)

G259.25；F320

A

1672-0385（2016）05-0102-05

西华大学2015年度研究生创新基金项目“农家书屋的健康可持续发展研究”（项目编号：ycjj2015121）。

2016-09-12

彭勃，男，在读硕士研究生，主要研究方向为人物与思想。张珍华，女，副教授，硕士，主要研究方向为马克思主义、中国历史。