词汇短语园地 2

1. hunger n. 饥饿

His hunger increases by the hour.

他的饥饿感每时每刻都在增加。

Hunger is often the mother of crime.

饥饿常是犯罪的根源。

vi. hunger for/after sth/sb 渴望得到某物/人

The whole world hungers for/after peace.

全世界的人都渴望和平。

2. income n. 收入；收益；所得

Tony lives beyond his income.

托尼的花费超出其收入。

Tourism is a major source of income for the area.

旅游业是这个地区的主要收入来源。

high/low income 高/低收入

live within ones income 量入为出

3. human n. 人

Dogs can hear much better than humans.

狗的听觉比人灵敏多了。

Wolves will not usually attack humans.

狼通常不会袭击人。

human = human being

adj. 人的；人类的；有人性的

This meat is not fit for human consumption.

这种肉不适合人食用。

He is quite human after all.

他毕竟还是挺人性的。

4. measure vt. 测定；测量；评估

vi. 有……长（宽、高等）

We measured the distance.

我们测量了距离。

She measured the stranger with her eyes.

她用双眼打量着那个陌生人。

The lake measures 130 by 80 kilometers.

这座湖长130千米，宽80千米。

5. goal n. 目标

The company has set itself some long-term goals.

公司为整个机构定下一些长期目标。

She pursues the goal of perfection in her art.

在艺术中，她追求完美的目标。

比较：aim，goal，purpose的区别

aim从本义“靶子”引申而来，侧重比较具体而明确的目标，常指短期目标。goal指经过考虑和选择，需经坚持不懈和努力奋斗才能达到的最终目标。purpose指的是一般的“目的”。

Our goal is to build a just and peaceful world.

我们的目标是建立一个公正和平的世界。

My aim is to become a policeman.

我的目标是当一个警察。

What is the purpose of his visit？

他来访的目的是什么？

6. figure n. 数字（可数名词，通常用作复数）

By 2010， this figure had risen to 14 million.

到2010年为止，这个数字已高达1400万。

Where did you get those figures？

你从哪儿得到那些数字的？

7. position n. 位置

From his position on the top of the cliff， he had a good view of the harbour.

在悬崖之巅，海港景色一览无余。

Where would be the best position for the lights？

这些灯装在什么位置最好？

in/out of position 在/不在适当的位置

hold a position 担任职务

take up ones position 就位

8. unfortunate adj. 不幸的；遗憾的

He was unfortunate to lose in the final game.

他不幸在决赛中输了。

Youre putting me in a most unfortunate position.

你正在把我推入一个十分可悲的境地。

n. 不幸的人

unfortunately adv. 不幸地；遗憾地；可惜地

Unfortunately， he didnt pass the exam.

很遗憾，他考试不及格。

9. similarity n. 类似；相似

（1） 不可数，表“相像性；相似性”

similarity between A and B A和B之间的相似性

The report highlights the similarity between the two groups.

这份报告强调两组之间的相似性。

similarity in sth 在……（方面）的相似性

There is some similarity in the way they sing.

他们的演唱方式有点像。

（2） 可数，表“相似点；相像处”

similarity to sb/sth 与……的相似之处

The karate bout has many similarities to a boxing match.

空手道比赛和拳击比赛有许多类似的地方。

She bears a similarity to her mother.

她跟她母亲十分相像。

10. vast adj. 巨大的；庞大的；浩瀚的

It is a vast desert.

这是一片辽阔的沙漠。

We once had 19 cats at one time. They were a vast burden.

我们一度同时养了19只猫，它们是一个沉重的负担。

A billion dollars is a vast amount of money.

十亿美元是一笔巨款。

比较：big，large，great，vast，huge的区别

（1） large侧重体积、范围、能力和数量方面的大，往往可以与big互换，但big较口语化。

Our factory is a big/large one.

我们的工厂很大。

在表示物体重量、重要性、长大了时，只能用big。

The box is too big to carry.（不仅体积大，而且很重）

The box is too large to carry.（箱子大，但未必重）

She is big enough to ride a bike.

在表示数量时，用large，不用big。

A large number of people from all parts of the country came to see the exhibition.

从全国各地来了很多人观看展览。

（2） great的意思是“大；伟大的”，多用于抽象意思。在修饰具体事物时，带有一定的感情色彩。

There have been many great presidents in the American history.

美国历史上有很多伟大的总统。

在表示抽象意思时，也可用big，但great更为正式。

Great/Big changes have taken place in our country in recent years.

近几年来，我们国家发生了很大变化。

（3） vast常用来指“广袤无垠的；面积广阔的”。如：a vast forest， a vast sea， a vast desert， vast darkness等。

（4） huge强调体积庞大，容量和数量巨大。如：a huge stone，a huge building等。

11. exchange n. & v. 交换；互换

We need to promote an open exchange of ideas and information.

我们需要促进思想和信息的公开交流。

Would you like my old TV in exchange for this camera？

你愿意用我的旧电视换这架相机吗？

Ill type your report if you look after children in exchange.

如果你愿意照看孩子，我就帮你打这份报告。

I shook hands and exchanged a few words with the manager.

我和经理握手并说了几句话。

exchange...for... 以……换取……

exchange...with sb 和某人交换

Where can I exchange my dollars for pounds？

我去哪儿可以把美元换成英镑？

Mary exchanged seats with Anne.

玛丽和安妮交换了座位。

12. on the top of 在……顶端

The ice on the top of the Himalayas never breaks up.

喜马拉雅山山顶的冰从来不化。

13. at the bottom of 在……底部

Fill in your address at the bottom of the application form.

把你的地址填在申请表的底部。

14. make effort 努力

If you want to achieve something， you must work hard， make effort and get prepared.

如果你想取得成就，你必须努力工作、艰苦奋斗，时刻准备着。

The local clubs are making every effort to interest more young people.

当地俱乐部正在尽一切努力吸引更多的年轻人。

effort n. 气力；努力；费力的事（可数）

You should put more effort into your work.

你应该更加努力地工作。

Getting up this morning was quite an effort.

今天早上起床相当费力。

spare no effort 不遗余力

without effort 容易地；不费力地

with （an） effort 努力地；艰难地

15. be connected with 与……有联系；与……有关

He did not like to be connected with the woman who had painted those pictures.

他不想和画那些画的女人接触。

This sentence is not connected with the context.

这句话与上下文没有联系。

16. be close to 接近；靠近

He is close to being a genius. 他差不多是个天才了。

The population of the city is close to a million.

这个城市的人口接近一百万。

比较：close和closely的区别

close作副词时，意为“靠近；接近”，表示实际距离很近；closely意为“紧密地；密切地”，表达的是一种抽象的“近”。

The children sat close together.

孩子们靠紧坐在一起。

The two events are closely connected.

这两件事有密切的联系。

17. up to 直到……；至多……

Up to four people can live in this room.

这间房里最多能住四个人。

Andrew has worked hard up to now.

安德鲁一直努力工作到现在。

（1） be up to = be busy doing 忙于

What are you up to？ 你在忙什么？

（2） be up to sb to do sth 由某人负责做某事

Its up to us to help those in need.

我们有责任帮助那些有困难的人。

up-to-date 现代的；包含最新信息的

18. be willing to do sth 乐意做某事

Are you willing to help？

你乐意帮忙吗？

He is willing to help me with my English.

他很乐意帮我学英语。

表达“乐意做某事”的多种用法

be ready to do sth； be glad to do sth

be delighted to do sth； be happy to do sth

19. as much as 和……一样；多达……

You can eat as much as you like.

你爱吃多少就吃多少。

I spent as much as 100 dollars today.

今天我花了一百美元。

Did Your Father Help You？

One day， Tims mathematics teacher looked at his homework and saw that he had got all his sums right.

The teacher was very pleased and rather surprised.

He called Tim to his desk and said to him， “You got all your homework right this time， Tim. What happened？ Did your father help you？”

“No， sir. He was too busy last night， so I had to do it all myself，” said Tim.