一代帝师杜受田

一代帝师杜受田

DU SHOUTIAN, TEACHER OF EMPEROR

○杜受田故居。The former residence of Du Shoutian.

杜受田，清山东滨州旧城里人(今滨城区南街杜家)。1787年生，官宦诗书人家出身。清咸丰皇帝之师。其父杜堮为清嘉庆时期翰林院编修，礼部左侍郎。其家世显赫，久有“书香官宦门第，进士多人之家”之称。因杜家“一门七进士”、“父子五翰林”，并有加授“太师太保”的高官，所以《中国文学大词典》 《书画大词典》《中国名人大词典》对其家均有记载。

清咸丰帝即位后，感激老师的拥戴之恩，任命杜受田为吏部尚书兼协办大学士，遇事言听计从，奉若生父。清朝协办大学士相当于明朝的宰相，在朝廷中最有权势。杜受田也想凭借咸丰的信任以展自己的治国宏图。清咸丰帝即位不久，他首先建议起用林则徐、周天爵等在鸦片战争中因主战而被撤职的大臣，以镇压刚刚爆发的太平天国农民起义。

清咸丰二年(公元1852年)山东、江淮地区受灾甚重。杜受田上疏请截留江、广漕米六十万石救济灾民，并荐山东、江宁布政使督办赈务。是年7月9日杜受田在实施赈务途中触染暑疫，逝世于淮安清江浦，终年66岁。杜受田逝世后，清咸丰帝伏案痛哭流涕，如丧考妣，朱笔写下了一段极富个人感情的话：忆昔在书斋，日承清诲，铭切五中。自前岁春，懔承大宝，方冀赞襄帷幄，谠论常闻。讵料永无晤对之期，十七年情怀付与逝水。呜呼！卿之不幸，实朕之不幸也！（《清史列传》第11册，第3202页。）他亲自带领两班大臣前往祭奠，并追赠杜受田为太师大学士，谥号“文正”。“太师大学士”和“文正”是清朝人臣中最高级的一种册封，清嘉庆帝以来汉族大臣被追封太师大学士者，仅杜受田一人而已。

D u Shoutian was born in Binzhou, Shandong in the Qing Dyansty. Emperor Daoguang of Qing once ordered his sons to go hunting in the Southern Park, wanting to test their martial skills. After meditating for a long while, Du Shoutian whispered to the fourth son of the emperor, “Your Highness, please don’t kill any animal in the hunting park, and ordered your retinue not to do so either. After coming back, His Majesty will surely ask you the reason. You may answer, ‘In the spring, most female birds and beasts are pregnant. I do not have the heart to kill them, and I don’t want to compete with my brothers in the aspect of archery.’”The fourth son of the emperor did as Du Shoutian said. Emperor Daoguang sighed, “It’s the demeanor that an emperor should have.” Before his death, Emperor Daoguang decided to let his fourth son be his heir Then, the fourth son of Emperor Daoguang ascended the throne, with the reign title of “Xianfeng”.