万景园小教堂，南京，江苏，中国

主持建筑师：张雷

万景园小教堂，南京，江苏，中国

主持建筑师：张雷

这个钢木结构的小教堂具有平和的外形与充满神秘宗教力量的内部空间、质朴的材料和精致的构造逻辑。

在小教堂的设计中，建筑师并未有意排斥“集中”和“纵深”的古典空间序列，平面采用了正方形回廊和正八边形的主厅，而剖面由于折板屋顶的采用以及屋脊中央的狭长天窗的光带，显示出强烈的纵深空间感，并且突出了圣坛上方高耸的轴线焦点。

小教堂设计了独特的回廊，形成了主厅空间的双层外壳。内壳封闭，突出来自顶部和墙面裂缝的自然光效果；外壳是精密的SPF木格栅，成为外部风景的过滤器，暗示了内部宗教场所体验的开始。双层外壳的空间边界，带有独特的东方建筑空间趣味。小教堂具有一个完美的正方形平面，虽然内部空间和外部结构之间存在45°的转角，容纳了门厅、主厅、圣坛、告解室等功能空间，这个矩形平面仍保持了高度的完整性、对称性和向心性。平面中暗藏的对角线同时延伸到屋顶结构,是空间、力、材料的高度统一。

“光”是教堂空间宗教情感表现的重要题材，在这个设计中，光从屋顶圣坛轴线上方的带形天窗投向下方主厅中央，从圣坛墙面的十字架后面溢出，这条宽度300mm光带的呈现，是决定内部空间氛围最强有力的要素。除此之外的其他自然光，则通过格栅柔和地渗入主厅墙体上的开口。

“轻”建造策略是紧张工期和有限造价条件下的明智选择。折板钢木结构屋顶，配合光这种“廉价”的素材，为空间赋予了丰富的表现力。内部的所有表面涂饰白色，把主角让给空间和光。外部的木质格栅、沥青瓦屋面保持原色，把主角让给大自然。

项目信息/Credits and Data

设计单位/Design Institute: 张雷联合建筑事务所/AZL Architects

合作机构/Collaborator: 南京大学建筑规划设计研究院有限公司/Architectural Design & Planning Institute, Nanjing University

建筑面积/Floor Area: 200m2

设计时间/Design Period: 2014

摄影/Photos: 姚力/YAO Li

1 剖面/Section

Built with simple materials and elaborate tectonics, the chapel features a steel-timber structure, a smooth form and an interior space of mysterious religious power.

In the chapel design, the architect did not intentionally reject classical spatial sequence of "centrality" and "depth"; the plan has a square cloister and an octagonal main hall, while the section conveys a strong sense of depth thanks to the folded-plate roof and the long narrow lighting band in the middle of the ridge. The axial focus soaring above the altar is also accentuated.

A distinctive cloister is designed for the chapel, creating a double-layered shell for the main hall. The inner shell is enclosed, highlighting the effect of natural light coming from above and through cracks in the wall; the outer shell is made of delicate SPF wooden grille, which serves as a filter of exterior scenery and also implies the beginning of interior religious experience. The spatial interface of the double shell has a distinctive taste of oriental architectural space.The chapel plan is a perfect square; though there is a 45° angle between the interior space and the exterior structure – created to accommodate the entrance hall, the main hall, the altar and the confession room, this square nonetheless maintains a high level of completeness, symmetry, and centrality. Meanwhile, the diagonal hidden in the plan extends all the way to the roof structure so that space, force, and material are highly unified.

"Light" is an important subject of in the chapel space’s expression of religious feelings; in this design, light casts down into the middle of the main hall through the louver band above the altar axis and from behind the Cross on the altar wall; this light band, 300 mm in width, is the most powerful element that determines the interior atmosphere. Other natural light gently permeates into the wall openings of the main hall through the wooden grille.

The "lightnes" strategy is a smart choice during stressful construction phases and under cost restrictions. The folded-slate roof of steel-timer structure, together with the "cheap" material of light, endows the space with rich expressiveness. All interior surfaces are painted white, giving full play to space and light, while exterior wooden grille and asphalt roof tiles maintain their original color, giving full play to nature.

Wanjing Garden Chapel, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 2014

Principal Architect: ZHANG Lei

2.3 内景/Interior views

4 外景/Exterior view