Simplified Cultivation Technology of Hua’an No.513——A New Summer Maize in Suixi County

Yue ZHUO

Anhui Suixi Agricultural Science Research Experimental Station,Suixi 235100,China

Responsible editor:Xiaoxue WANG Responsible proofreader:Xiaoyan WU

In Suixi County,the growing area of maize is increasing from 27 000 hm2in 2008 to 75 000 hm2in 2014,and it has become the 2ndlargest crop producing county.In 2014,the experiment was carried out in Suixi County based on Hua’an No.513 in terms of simplified cultivation technology in 2014 in order to explore better-qualified community of Hua’an No.513 and determine highlyyielding and highly-efficient stabilized cultivation technology in Suixi County.The demonstration experiment accelerates transformation of Hua’an No.513 to productivity to meet maize industry development and provide scientific references for wide appli cation[1-7].Specifically,the number of pro ductive ear per hm2of Hua’an No.513 reaches 62 040;the number of seed per ear is 457.0; the number of ear row is 13.6; the number of seed per row is 35.3; hundred-seed weight reaches 34.8 g.

Machine-based Sowing

Wheat in demonstration plot was harvested on June 10,and stubbles were collected thereafter.Subsequently,seeds were sown by direct seeding.It is notable that both of planting and fertilization were conducted with machines.After sown,corn was irrigated on June 14 and seedlings germinated on June 19.Besides,ditches and furrows were cleaned timely after corn sowing in case of flooding.

Rational Densely Planting

In general,planting density tends to be volatile upon crop variety and soil fertility.As for Hua’an 513,the density was designed at 66 705 plants/hm2(line spacing of 60 cm and row spacing)to guarantee the number of effective ear over 61 500 ears/hm2.

Scientific Fertilization Base fertilizer and seed fertilizer

should be guaranteed at fertilization to promote corn growth in early stage and prevent premature senility.Specifically,N-P-K compound fertilizer (15-15-15) was applied at 600 kg/hm2and urea applied at 75 kg/hm2.During the stage when the 10th-12thleaves totally spread,additional urea was applied at 300 kg/hm2and then again after jointing stage,representing 45%of nitrogen amounts.

Light and Simple Management

After corn seeds were sown,40%atrazine and 50%acetochlor were applied per unit area (hm2) before seedling germination.Then,the pesticides were mixed with water (750 kg)to be spread on corns.It is notable that weeds should be removed by applying mesotrione during seedling stage.

After full-heading stage,cyhalothrin was applied to control cutworms,armyworms and Laodelphax striatellus,in case of rough dwarf disease.Ostrinia nubilalis should be controlled in trumpeting stage.For example,3% phoxim granules were scattered on heart-shape leaves at 22.5 kg/hm2.

Furthermore,urea was applied at 300 kg/hm2during trumpeting stage(July 20) with an intertillage fertilizer applicator.

Besides,flood drainage should be conducted on time,as well as irrigation.In the research,droughts did not occur,so that corns were not irrigated.

Harvesting with Machines at an Appropriate Time

In the demonstration plot,the corn was harvested with CA40 (4YZ-4A)under the principle of later harvesting provided none adverse effects would occur on wheat planting.For example,the harvesting day with 6-8 d later would increase yield by 5%.What’s more,the investments are not increased.Therefore,it is an effective measure for increasing corn yield.The best harvesting period should be at the stage when milk line disappears or black layer forms.It is about 50 d after pollination when stems and leaves turn yellow and bracts turn withered and white.In the research,corns were harvested with machines on October 5 and dried timely thereafter.

Assessment on Profits

In the demonstration plots,Hua’an 513 was planted by direct sowing and stubbles were collected after harvesting.Seed sowing and fertilizer application were conducted simultaneously.The harvested ears and straws were ground and applied in fields.Compared with fields by other planting methods,the research saved 30 labors/hm2.In other words,3 000 yuan was saved per unit area plot in Suixi County.Provided wheat was grown normally,corn yield increased by over 5% with harvesting period postponed for 6-8 d.For example,average yield reached 9 558 kg,of which the increased yield contributed by later harvesting was as high as 450 kg.In other words,945 yuan/hm2was saved if corn was priced 2.1 yuan/kg.In conclusion,simplified cultivation for Hua’an 513 would save labor costs and increase yield and the comparative benefits would keep growing with development of urbanization and change of Chinese population.

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