胡建青
中图分类号:G633.41 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1002-7661(2015)23-0058-01
新课标短文改错是在语篇的情境中考查词汇、语法、句型结构等方面的知识和逻辑关系的推断及综合辩析,是一种在较高层次上考查学生对英语知识的掌握和语言综合运用能力的测试题型,通过几年各省份高考新型短文改错的研究可以看出,短文改错命题相对稳定,其比例一般为1:1:8,即1个多词、1个缺词和8个错词,所考查的词类分布合理,句子长度平稳,难度适中,考查的考点具有一定的规律可循,而且答题也有一定的技巧。现以2015年全国统一考试新课标全国卷Ⅰ、卷Ⅱ、陕西卷、四川卷、浙江卷中改错题中的错词题为例,对错词情况试作一粗浅分析。
一、冠词错用
1.(2015.新课标全国卷Ⅱ)A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.
解析:a-the 从语境可知,同一句词第二次提到应表示特指。
2.(2015.陕西卷)At a party, my coach, with a biscuit in his mouth, asked surprisingly who made them and joked…
解析:a-the 考查冠词,根据前面的retirement party 可知此处表示特指用the。
二、各词错用
1.(2015.新课标全国卷Ⅰ)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.
解析:airs-air. Air为不可数名词,把airs改为air。
2.(2015.新课标全国卷Ⅱ)one day, Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.
解析:parent-parents 结合下文的“his parents were missing”可知他的爸爸妈妈一起去购物,所以用复数形式。
3.(2015.浙江卷)My old classroom was interesting because three side of the clanroom…
side-sides考查名词复数,前面有three, side为可数名词,用复数形式。
三、代词指代不一致
1.(2015.新课示全国卷Ⅰ)We must find ways to protect your environment
解析:your-our或the,本句主语为we,用了第一人称,因此要把物主代词your改为our,也可以改成the。
2.(2015.四川卷)Its been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many.
解析:many-much考查代词,此处花了“我”很多钱,应用much代指不可数名词。
3.(2015.四川卷)If you were me, would you talk to him?
解析:him-them考查代词,此处指作者的三个朋友,是复数概念,应用them.
4.(2015.浙江卷)close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.
解析:them-it考查代词,此外代词指代前面的park是单数,所以用it.
四、介词、副词在固定搭配中的错用
1.(2015.新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Tony saw a toy on a shop window.
解析:on-in,表商店橱窗里摆放着一个玩具用in。
2.(2015.陕西卷)My soccer coach retired in last week.
解析:考查时间状语,当用作时间状语的词前有next, last等词时,其前不用介词。
3.(2015.浙江卷)My old classroom was interesting because three sides of the classroom were made from glass.
解析:from-of考查介词,be made of由……组成,可以看出原材料;be made from由……组成,看不出原材料。
4.(2015.浙江卷)On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the foothall field.
解析:easy-easily考查副词,此处修饰动词see需用副词。
五、形容词和副词的混用及错用
1.(2015.新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Lots of students have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.
解析:seriously-serious用形容词修饰名词。
2.(2015.新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Dad and I were terrible worried.
解析:terrible-terribly修饰形容词应用副词。
3.(2015.陕西卷)I thought the biscuits were really well.
解析:well-good形容词辩析,well通常指健康状况也可以修饰动词,此处指食物好用good。
短文改错中错词比例较大,考生在做题时应注意:①从语篇入手,理解文章大意;②在理解基础上审查句子结构;③从语法结构入手。总之平时要多加练习,做多了,对错误自然也很敏感了,熟能生巧,“信心+方法+练习”,坚信定能在短文改错中获取更理想的得分。
(责任编辑 曾 卉)