新型产业应成为北部湾发展主动力

□ 文/陈丽冰

新型产业应成为北部湾发展主动力

□ 文/陈丽冰

长期以来，广西只是利用地方资源发展产业方式，区位与产业之间存在错配现象。但广西是沿海延边的开放地区，区位价值的发挥应该成为产业布局与发展的重要影响因素。

在此背景下，广西大学商学院经济研究中心副主任、博士生导师张林教授认为，广西北部湾经济区应该借助当前深化改革的“东风”，重点发展经济区内的南宁高新技术开发区、钦州保税港区、中马钦州产业园等特色园区，并着重发展出口加工导向型产业、物流产业、海洋产业以及战略性新兴产业等新型产业，使其成为北部湾经济区的发展主动力。

转型增长模式，吸引外来投资

“目前，广西北部湾经济区的经济发展模式还是投资驱动型模式，即政策引导投资，在交通、信息等基础设施改进和石油化工等重工业方面取得了重大的进步。不过，未来的增长模式是创新引领模式，通过依赖知识密集型经济发展获得高附加值。”张林教授说。

近年来，广西北部湾经济区经过多年的加快建设，进入了全面开放开发的新阶段，但与中国东部发达地区相比，依然存在经济总量偏小、产业和城市丰满度低、以及体制机制创新滞后等问题。

因此，张林教授认为，在开放而动态的市场中，广西北部湾经济区发展需要对内开放和对外开放相结合，由外延式增长向内涵式增长模式转变，且随着北部湾经济区新门户新枢纽区位价值的迅速增长，广西北部湾经济区在硬件基础设施建设取得卓越成效时，还应在“一带一路”的战略背景下将区位优势转化为经济效益。通过按照市场机制来配置资源，降低在北部湾经济区投资或者经由北部湾经济区的运输成本，以此吸引外来投资者前来投资，从而刺激经济进一步增长。

“围绕人的创造力展开知识密集型经济活动布局规划，提高北部湾经济区服务能力、提升经济运行效率以降低时间成本是未来北部湾经济区发展的必由之路，而这需要政府按照市场规律进行制度设置和深化改革。”张林教授说。

提升产业专业化，带动跨越发展

重点产业园区是产业聚集的主平台，也是广西北部湾经济区升级发展的主力军。2008年，广西北部湾经济区的生产总值仅为2219.7亿元人民币，而到了2014年则增长到5448.21亿元人民币。实现这一变化，其中重点产业园区功不可没。因此，未来北部湾经济区如要获得持续快速发展，还需要以重点产业园区为支撑，根据区位优势发展重点产业，使经济增长模式实现完美蜕变。

当前，广西北部湾经济区有包括南宁高新技术开发区、中马钦州产业园、北海工业园等在内的29个重点产业园区，并吸引了中石化、中石油、富士康、印尼金光等多家著名大型跨国企业落户投资，使其成为国内外产业的新聚集地和投资“洼地”。

不过，在这一竞相发展过程中，不可避免地出现产业同构现象，影响了区域整体综合经济实力和区域对外竞争力。在此背景下，广西北部湾经济区将“实行重大产业布局负面清单管理模式，促进园区错位发展，形成‘一园一特色’”作为重点方向之一进行深化改革，以进一步优化和提升产业布局，实现经济区的跨越式发展。

对此，张林教授认为，专业化是衡量经济发展质量的重要指标，园区特色是专业化的重要表现，而错位发展则是地区之间专业分工合作的重要表现，符合现代经济发展潮流。目前广西北部湾经济区的产业专业化程度较低，需要大力强化产业专业化建设。各园区要围绕特定产业强化产业专业化建设，而且产业专业化需要三级跳：第一，形成产业规模专业化，在全国具有规模比较优势；第二，形成产业人力资源专业化，在全国具有人力资源比较优势，第三，形成产业创新专业化，在全国具有创新领先地位。

此外，他还表示，广西的区位与产业之间也存在错配现象，长期以来只是利用地方资源发展产业方式。但广西是沿海延边的开放地区，区位价值的发挥应该成为产业布局与发展的重要影响因素。因此，广西北部湾经济区的各重点园区应该大力强化出口加工导向型产业、临海型工业、大型装备制造业、物流产业、海洋产业、战略性新兴产业的发展，为建立“资源、产品两头在外”型经济体系做贡献，这也是促进广西产业转型、嵌入全球经济的重要步骤。

发挥海洋优势，实现完美蜕变

广西北部湾拥有大陆海岸线1595公里，海洋生物、矿产资源丰富，是中国著名的四大热带渔场之一。当前，又值2015中国—东盟海洋合作年，这对正在努力推动海洋经济的北部湾经济区来说无疑是赶上了一个好时机，发展海洋产业恰逢其时。

具有得天独厚优势的北部湾经济区应以海洋、港口、航运等方面的产业发展为依托，大力发展海产品加工业、海洋养殖业等优势产业，同时发挥北部湾经济区面向东盟的平台优势，促进企业走出去。

“2015年是中国—东盟海洋合作年，广西北部湾经济区不仅可以借此机会扩大海产品、油气资源的进出口份额，促进相应的海洋加工产业的发展，同时这也是广西北部湾经济区渔业养殖产业走出去的最佳时机，以充分利用东盟各国的沿海海域和滩涂进行养殖，实现珍珠、海产品等海洋产业走出去战略。”张林教授说。

在他看来，北部湾海域水质优良，海洋资源丰富，拥有优质的渔业资源和巨大的油气资源。而且，目前北钦防三市已经具备了相应规模的渔业、珍珠、油气等海洋产业，并具有较大的市场规模，品牌效应良好。在此背景下，拥有广阔海域和丰富海洋资源的北部湾经济区应乘风发力，谋求新一轮的经济腾飞。

2008年，广西北部湾经济区的生产总值仅为2219.7亿元人民币

2014年，广西北部湾经济区的生产总值增长到5448.21亿元人民币。

For a long time, Guangxi’s industrial development only relies on local resources, and there is a mismatch between its location advantage and industries. As a coastal and border area, Guangxi should depend on its location value to facilitate its industrial distribution and development.

In such a context, Professor Zhang Lin, Deputy Director of the Economic Research Center of the School of Business at Guangxi University believed that, the Beibu Gulf Economic Zone (BGEZ) should take the opportunity of the current in-depth reform, lay emphasis on its featured industrial parks including Nanning Hi-tech Industrial Development

Zone, Qinzhou Free Trade Port Area and China-Malaysia (Qinzhou) Industrial Park, and focus on its export processing industries, logistics industries, marine industries and strategic emerging industries, trying to make them the main impetus for the development of the BGEZ.

Transfer Growth Modes to Attract Foreign Investment

“At present, the economic development in the BGEZ is investmentdriven, i.e., policy-led investment. Significant progress has been made in transportation and information construction, as well as petrochemical engineering. In the future, the BGEZ would rely on knowledge-intensive economy to obtain high addedvalue, and the growth mode would be innovation-led”, said Mr. Zhang Lin.

In recent years, the BGEZ has entered a new stage of overall opening-up after years of accelerated construction. However, compared with China’s developed regions in the east, the BGEZ still lags behind them in economic aggregate, industrial and city development, as well as system and mechanism innovation.

In this connection, Mr. Zhang Lin believed, in an open and dynamic market, the BGEZ needs to combine the inward and outward opening-up, shift from extensional growth to connotative growth.

In addition, in the strategic context of “One Belt and One Road”, the BGEZ should transfer its location value to economic benefits when hardware infrastructure construction has achieved marked effects. It should reduce the costs to invest there via market-based distribution of resources, so as to attract investment and stimulate the further growth of economy. “What the BGEZ must do in the future is to focus on creativity to develop knowledge-intensive economy and raise its service ability and economic operation effi ciency, which requires the government to lay out relevant systems and carry out in-depth reforms based on market discipline”, said Mr. Zhang.

Elevate Industrial Professionalization and Realize Leaping Development

Key industrial parks are the main platforms for industry agglomeration and the main force for the upgrading of BGEZ. In 2008, the gross output value of BGEZ was only 221.97 billion yuan; while in 2014, the number reached 544.821 billion yuan. This change could be attributed to those key industrial parks. Hence, if the BGEZ wants to maintain such rapid development, it needs to focus on major industrial parks, and develop its key industries by utilizing its location advantages, so as to make a perfect transformation in economic growth.

Currently, the BGEZ houses 29 key industrial parks including Nanning Hitech Industrial Development Zone, China-Malaysia (Qinzhou) Industrial Park and Beihai Industrial Park has attracted several large-scale transnational enterprises such as Sinopec, PetroChina, Foxconn and Sinar Mas Group, making itself the new gathering place of industries at home and abroad.

In 2008, the gross output value of BGEZ was only 221.97 billion yuan;

While in 2014, the number reached 544.821 billion yuan. This change could be attributed to those key industrial parks.

However, in such a competition process, industrial isomorphism is inevitable, which has affected the region’s overall comprehensive economic strength and external competitiveness. Against such background, the BGEZ will implement negative list in the planning of major industries to promote the diversified development of industrial parks and form their own features, so as to further optimize and upgrade industrial distribution and realize leaping development in economy.

With regard to this, Mr. Zhang Lin believed that professionalization is an important indicator to measure economic development, which is manifested by the unique features of industrial parks. And the diversifi ed development displays the cooperation and division of labor among diff erent areas, which confi rms to the development of modern economy. Now, industries in the BGEZ have a low level of professionalization. Industrial parks in the region should focus on specifi c industries to strengthen industrial professionalization via three progressive steps: fi rst, to achieve professionalization in industrial scale and form a comparative advantage nationwide; second, to realize professionalization in human resources and form a comparative advantage nationwide; third, to form professionalization in industrial innovation so as to take a lead nationwide.

In addition, Mr. Zhang claimed, there is a mismatch between Guangxi’s location advantage and its industries. For a long time, Guangxi’s industrial development only relies on local resources. As a coastal and border area, Guangxi should depend on its location value to facilitate its industrial distribution and development. Therefore, major industrial parks in the BGEZ must strengthen their export processing industries, sea-bordering industries, large-scale equipment manufacturing industries, logistics industries, marine industries and strategic emerging industries, contributing to establishing an economic system featured by “having both resources and products on the world market”. This is also an important step to promote industrial transformation in Guangxi and help its industries to enter into world economy.

Utilize Maritime Advantages to Realize Transformation

With a coastline of 1,595 km, the Beibu Gulf abounds in marine organisms and mineral resources, being one of the four famous tropical fisheries in China. As 2015 is designated as the Year of China-ASEAN Maritime Cooperation, it is the right time for BGEZ to develop its maritime economy.

The BGEZ, with god-given advantages, should rely on ocean, port and shipping industries, strive to develop sea products processing industries and marine aquaculture industries, and make use of the BGEZ, the ASEAN-oriented platform, to encourage enterprises to go global.

“2015 is the Year of China-ASEAN Maritime Cooperation. The BGEZ could take this opportunity to expand its imports and exports of marine products as well as oil and gas resources, and promote relevant processing industries. At the same time, it could make full use of the sea areas of the ASEAN countries and help its marine industries like pearl and sea products industries go global”, said Mr. Zhang Lin.

In his opinion, the Beibu Gulf, with high quality water and rich marine resources, enjoys superior fishery resources and huge oil and gas resources. Now, Beihai, Qinzhou and Fangchenggang possess well-developed fishery, pearl, as well as oil and gas industries, which boast comparatively large markets and good brand eff ects. In such a context, the BGEZ should seize the opportunity and pursue a new round of economic take-off .

New Industries Should be the Main Impetus for the Development of Beibu Gulf

written by Chen Libing / translated by Gao Qianqian