范凌霞 李昊 梁云等
摘要 [目的]研究光照时间对崂山奶山羊泌乳量及乳成分的影响。[方法]选择体重、胎次、产奶量、产羔日期相近,健康泌乳高峰期崂山奶山羊母羊12只,随机分成3组,每组4只。采用人工光照的方式,使奶山羊每天的光照时间分别由自然光照的10 h增加到13 h和16 h。通过试验测定了崂山奶山羊的产奶量、乳脂率和乳蛋白率,并分析了经济效益。[结果]当光照时间为13 h时,试验羊的产奶量均显著高于10 h和16 h试验奶山羊(P<0.05 ),而在乳脂率和总干物质等指标上各试验组间也没有显著差异(P>0.05 ),且光照13 h 组比16 h 组有更高的经济效益。[结论]建议在奶山羊饲养管理中每天提供13 h光照较好。
关键词 崂山奶山羊;光照时间;产奶量;乳成分
中图分类号 S827 文献标识码
A 文章编号 0517-6611(2015)15-161-03
Effects of Sunlight Duration on the Milk Performance of Laoshan Dairy Goats
FAN Lingxia, LI Hao, LIANG Yun, MIN Lingjiang* et al (College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109)
Abstract [Objective] The aim of the experiment was to study the infection that sunlight duration on the production performance of Laoshan dairy goats. [Method]12 late lactation Laoshan dairy goats which had the similar level of milk yield, weight, date of lambing, healthy lactation peak were selected in this experiment, and the trial had adopted onefactor completely random design. Experiments were divided into three groups. The light duration per day of the experimental group B and C per day were 13 hours, 16 hours, and A group was the control group, which sunlight duration per day was 10 hours. [Result]The results showed that the goats milk yield in the sunlight duration for 13 hours group per day were significantly higher than for 10 hours group and 16 hour group (P<0.05 ), and there is no significant difference in butterfat content and dry matter between 13 h group and 16 h group and the former had high financial reward. [Conclusion] Therefore sunlight duration for 13 hours light per day might be most appropriate for dairy goats.
Key words Laoshan dairy goat; Sunlight duration; Milk yield; Milk components
近年来,奶山羊在世界范围内呈现持续增长的发展趋势和良好的市场前景,越来越受到人们的重视和青睐。羊奶营养独特,产品市场前景广阔。作为 “奶中之王”,羊奶在我国发达地区(如广东、福建等南方省市)消费者将羊奶看作一种天然高级补品,已成为奶业市场的新宠,呈现供不应求的现状,鲜羊奶的售价可高达10~16元/kg。此外,羊奶干酪还是欧美消费者喜食的营养佳品[1]。近年来,随着人们生活水平的提高,奶酪和酸奶等奶制品也成为国内庞大消费者所喜爱的产品,总之未来的羊奶市场很广阔。
产奶山羊中,崂山奶山羊是我国优良的奶山羊品种之一,具有体躯大、适应性强、遗传性能稳定、产奶量高和耐粗饲等特点,并于1989年列入《中国羊品种志》[2] ,并以优良的产奶性能为世界所认可[3]。研究表明,1只产奶量中等水平和产奶量高等水平的奶山羊每年分别可产500和800 kg羊奶,说明奶山羊产奶具有很大的弹性区间[4]。
随着羊奶市场的不断发展,羊奶成为人们竞相购买的对象,并呈现供不应求的趋势。在这种情势下,研究环境因素对奶山羊产奶量的影响已成为亟待解决的课题。利用崂山奶山羊这个优良品种探讨其最优的产奶环境条件,使人们在现有条件下获得最大的经济效应,具有重要的实践意义。
在可控的环境因素中,光照是在实际操作中比较容易控制的因素。研究表明,光照可直接影响动物的生理机能,比如它能影响畜禽的生理机能和生产性能,在家禽生产中通过增加光照时间已经使禽类的产蛋率大幅度地提高[5]。国内外学者用奶牛进行光照试验,发現光照能够影响产奶量、采食量和乳脂率。笔者研究光照对奶山羊泌乳性能的影响,并分析其经济效益。