提到环保,相信很多人会立刻想到雾霾(smog),想到柴静的《穹顶之下》(Under the Dome)。这部纪录片引发了中国政府和社会各界对环境的广泛关注和热烈讨论,美国之音(VOA)也就此做了一则报道,标题为“Film Gets Chinese Government Talking About Smog”。报道里使用了许多地道的表达,下面我们就来学习一下其中精彩的部分,顺便通过这则报道了解一些有关环保的知识。
1. documentary:在学习英语的过程中,少不了要看英文电影。电影的种类多种多样,除了这里提到的纪录片(documentary),还有动作片(action movie),比如《碟中谍》(Mission Impossible),以及动画片(animated movie),比如《超能陆战队》(Big Hero 6),还有爱情片(romance movie),比如著名的《泰坦尼克号》(Titanic)。除此之外,还有喜剧片(comedy)、悲剧片(tragedy)、科幻片(science fiction film)、恐怖片(horror film)和惊悚片(thriller)等。
2. go viral online:online表示“在线的,网上的”,go online表示“上网,在线上”,viral表示“病毒的,病毒引起的”,比如病毒感染就叫viral infection。这里用go viral online表示这部纪录片“像病毒一样蔓延”,形容传播之快,是个非常生动的表达。
3. air pollution:如今全球面临各种各样的环境问题,比如报道里提到的雾霾,再比如全球变暖(global warming)及其引发的海平面上升(sea level rise)等问题,还有植被大量减少导致的沙漠化(desertification)以及水污染(water pollution)、光污染(light pollution)等。
4. present:大家比较熟悉的是present作名词表“礼物”的含义,比如:Your friends send you a present. (你的朋友们给你送了一个礼物。)除此之外,present还可作动词,表示“提出,呈现,介绍”,比如present a problem/speech (提出问题/做演讲)。Present还可作形容词,表示“目前的,现在的”,比如present problem (当前的问题),也可以作名词,表示“目前,现在”,比如at present (目前,现在)。再比如《功夫熊猫》(Kung Fu Panda)里的一句台词:Yesterday is history, tomorrow is a mystery, but today is a gift. That is why it is called the "present". 这里present一语双关,既可以指“现在”,也可以指“礼物”。
About 200 million people had already seen Under the Dome, however. China's newly appointed environment minister had even praised the film. And, the general message of Under the Dome appears to fit well with efforts officials are making to deal with the problem.
1. newly appointed:appoint作动词表示“任命,委派;约定”,比如appoint you (as) our manager (任命你为我们的经理)、appoint a new teacher to the school (委派一个新老师去那个学校)、appoint a date for the meeting (约定开会日期)。这里是过去分词形式,作形容词来用,表示“任命的”,前面的副词newly表示“最近,新近”,搭配在一起就指我们常说的“新任命的”。
2. appear:这个词我们比较熟悉,常用于appear to do中,表示“似乎,好像”,比如:The report appears to be encouraging. (这个报告似乎令人鼓舞。)
3. fit well with:fit也是我们比较熟悉的词,常见的释义是“适合”,比如:The dress doesn't fit me. 这里的fit with表示“与……相符,契合”,with前面的well修饰fit,加强契合的程度,比如:Their policies do not fit with the ideal of democratic government. (他们的政策不符合一个理想民主政府的所作所为。)另外,我们在考试中还常会见到短语fit in,表示“适应,适配”,比如:Your bed fits in the new room. (你的床与这个新房间很搭。)
At the end of the National People's Congress (全国人民代表大会) meeting, a reporter asked Prime Minister Li Keqiang whether he thought the film was correct. Are big oil companies barriers to environmental law enforcement? Mr. Li said under this year's Environmental Protection Law officials are committed to taking legal action against those who add to the pollution problem. He said anyone involved in acts of illegal production and emissions (排放) will be brought to justice. He said the government must make businesses that illegally emit and dump pay a price too heavy to accept.
1. barrier:这个词作名词表示“阻碍”,常见的用法是sth. is a barrier to sth.,比如:His shyness is a barrier to communication. (他的害羞阻碍他交际。)
2. are committed to:commit为动词,表示“把……托付给,使承担义务”,其形容词为committed,表示“坚定的,效忠的”。这里构成短语be committed to,表示“致力于;委身于;以……为己任”,比如:He is committed to his team. (他一心效力于他的团队。)
3. take action:action为名词,表示“活动,行动”。在电影等拍摄现场,导演经常会喊“Action!”,该词在此表示“(电影等)开拍”。这里的take action表示“动手,采取行动”,比如:I vowed to take action. (我发誓会采取行动。)
4. pay a heavy price:pay作动词,最常见的释义是“支付”,比如pay the bills (支付账单)。这里的pay a price指“付出代价”,heavy在此表程度,表示“付出沉重的代价”,比如:You will pay a heavy price for doing that. (你那么做是会付出沉重代价的。)这个短语还可以演变为pay any price,表示“不惜任何代价”。
Others also commented on the film ..., including former basketball star Yao Ming. Mr. Yao served as a representative (代表) at the legislative meetings. He said he had watched the film and was thankful for the information film producer Chai Jing made public. He said the film expressed the feelings in many people's hearts. A respiratory (呼吸的) expert and representative at the legislative meetings also spoke to VOA about Under the Dome. Zhong Nanshan said Chai Jing's film takes a good look at where smog comes from, how harmful it is and the efforts being taken to deal with it.
除了这部《穹顶之下》,类似题材的影片还有很多,比如电影《后天》(The Day After Tomorrow)、《2012》(2012)等。透过这些影片,我们可以发现解决环境问题迫在眉睫。那么,身为这个星球的一分子,我们可以做些什么呢?笔者曾看过一个视频,标题为“The Animals Save the Planet”,里面提到了很多可以改善环境的方法和理念,在此与大家分享。
Recycle your rubbish.
Recycle表示“循环使用,回收”。现在很多的垃圾桶(trash can)都有分类标识,比如有的分为厨余垃圾(kitchen garbage)、生活垃圾(household garbage)、其他垃圾(other waste),还有的分为可回收的(recyclable)、不可回收的(unrecyclable)。一般来说,像塑料瓶(plastic bottle)、易拉罐(pop can)、报纸(newspaper)、电池(battery)等都是可以循环利用的,有的地方还会设有专门投放电池的垃圾箱。
Eat a healthy balanced diet.
有的同学会纳闷:环保和健康饮食有什么关系?所谓健康均衡的饮食,就是要多吃蔬菜水果,适量少吃肉。多吃果蔬可以让我们的身体保持健康,而少吃肉意味着少些动物的饲养,可以减少温室气体(greenhouse gases)的排放。
Avoid using plastic bags.
英国《卫报》在2002年评出全球最糟糕的发明(the worst invention)就是塑料袋(plastic bags),因为塑料袋需要花几十年甚至上百年的时间才能分解,对环境非常不利。因此,提倡大家在购物时都自备环保购物袋(reusable shopping bags)。
Use energy saving lightbulbs.
根据物理知识可知,200瓦普通灯泡每小时消耗0.2度电,而40瓦节能灯泡每小时消耗0.04度,可见节能灯(energy saving lightbulbs)能够节约大量的电能。
Cycling can cut your carbon emissions.
现在都提倡低碳生活(low carbon life),绿色出行。在平时,大家可以尽量选择低碳环保的出行方式,比如步行(on foot)、骑自行车(by bike)、乘公交车(by bus)等。
Use only the water you need.
根据联合国2014年发布的《世界水资源开发报告》(World Water Development Report),到2050年全球将有40%以上的人口面临水危机(water crisis)。地球上的资源是非常有限的(limited),所以在生活中我们要尽量做到节约用水。
Dont use disposable chopsticks and save paper.
近年来,森林覆盖(forest coverage)逐年减少,进而导致了水土流失(soil erosion)、沙漠化、生态系统(ecosystem)破坏等问题。大家都知道,一次性筷子(disposable chopsticks)和纸张(paper)的原材料都是树木,我们使用这些东西就相当于在砍伐树木(cut down trees)。因此,大家平时可以尽量随身携带便携式的(portable)筷子,使用纸张也要注意节约。
学习了这么多精彩表达和环保相关的知识,相信大家更能体会“爱护地球,人人有责”的含义。Michael Jackson在他的“Heal the World”中唱道:“Heal the world. Make it a better place for you and for me and the entire human race. There are people dying. If you care enough for the living, make it a better place for you and for me.”让我们一起努力,保护我们美好的家园。
作者简介:
古晓林,北京新东方学校酷学酷玩听力口语夏令营优秀教师,主要教授高考英语听力、高考英语口语加试、港大面试等;拥有超强的亲和力,善于激发学生的学习兴趣,让学生轻松爱上学英语。