董盈盈,陈 岚,段 铱,胡 伟,张艳红,邓云华,陈兴平
依托考昔致固定性药疹国内首报及文献复习
董盈盈,陈 岚,段 铱,胡 伟,张艳红,邓云华,陈兴平
董盈盈
报道1例依托考昔致固定型药疹患者,男,43岁。因眼内眦、唇部、颊黏膜及龟头红斑、水疱、糜烂,伴痛痒12 h就诊。查体见双眼内眦皮肤小片淡红斑;双唇见大片水肿性红斑或紫红斑,少许水疱,口腔颊黏膜见小片状水肿性红斑;龟头部见大片红斑、糜烂和渗液。既往有3次口服依托考昔后均出现过类似皮损病史。据此诊断为固定型药疹(依托考昔所致)。患者停用依托考昔,经抗过敏与对症治疗后皮损逐渐消退,局部遗留持久性色素沉着斑。警示临床医师应注意依托考昔所致固定型药疹的皮肤不良反应。
药疹,固定性;依托考昔
[J Pract Dermatol, 2015, 8(6):419-421]
随着科学技术的不断进步,各类新药不断面世,在带给临床医生战胜疾病新选择的同时也带来了新的挑战——药物不良反应。因个体差异,药物不良反应的分类纷繁复杂、多种多样,其中药疹是一类最常见型别。依据药疹临床表现的不同,药疹分为荨麻疹型、麻疹样型、多形红斑型、中毒性表皮坏死松解症型以及固定性等。固定性药疹是一种特殊类型的药物不良反应,临床流行病学资料显示其常由非甾体类抗炎药、磺胺类抗生素以及对乙酰氨基酚等药物引起[1-3]。依托考昔是一种新型非甾体类抗炎药,国外学者已发现其可导致多种类型药疹,如荨麻疹型、泛发性发疹样脓疱病型、中毒性表皮坏死松解症型以及固定性等[2-13]。近日,我科确诊了1例由依托考昔所致固定性药疹患者,经文献检索显示国内尚未见类似报道,现报告如下。
患者,男,43岁。因眼内眦、唇部、颊黏膜及龟头红斑、水疱、糜烂,痛痒12 h,于2015年6月4日入院。患者14 h前因左膝关节疼痛不适,自疑痛风急性发作,口服依托考昔30 mg,12 h后于双唇和龟头发生水肿性红斑,随即部分红斑上出现大小不一的水疱,部分破溃呈现点片状糜烂面,渗液明显,伴有痒痛不适。随后,颊黏膜和双眼内眦皮肤出现红斑,伴痒感。自发病以来,患者精神、食欲、睡眠欠佳,二便正常,无发热、头疼、头昏、咳嗽咳痰、胸闷心
图1 固定型药疹患者临床表现
慌、腹痛腹泻等症状。患者既往有痛风病史3年余,一直口服别嘌呤醇100 mg 每日2次进行维持治疗,偶于疼痛加剧时加用依托考昔(每次60 mg)缓解症状。追溯病史发现:患者最近3次口服依托考昔片后均出现过类似病症:第一次发生于17个月前。患者服用依托考昔片60 mg一次,3 d后于龟头和双唇部发生红斑,伴瘙痒,未予特殊处理,停药5 d后皮损自行消退。第二次发生于6个月前,患者服用依托考昔60 mg一次,1 d后在龟头、双唇部出现境界清楚的圆形红斑,伴痒痛感,龟头部红斑发生糜烂,停药并局部予0.02%高锰酸钾溶液清洗,生理盐水、优可适溶液湿敷后糜烂面逐渐愈合、红斑消退。第三次发生于半月前,患者口服依托考昔60 mg一次,20 h后即于龟头和唇部发生水肿性红斑伴瘙痒,随后红斑上出现小水疱,部分糜烂、渗液伴疼痛,双眼内眦部皮肤出现淡红斑,停药后口服西替利嗪10 mg/d抗过敏治疗与对症处理,10 d后皮损消退,局部遗留色素沉着斑。否认发疹前有其他药物使用史。体格检查:患者神志清晰,精神状态一般。心、肺、肝、脾、肾检查无异常。左膝关节处轻度肿胀,压痛(+)。皮肤科情况:双眼内眦皮肤可见小片淡红斑(图1a);双唇部可见大片水肿性红斑或紫红斑,少许水疱(图1b),口腔颊黏膜可见小片状水肿性红斑;龟头部见大片红斑、糜烂和渗液(图1c)。实验室检查:血常规中WBC 11.8×109/ L [正常值(3.50~9.50)×109/L],N 71.7% (40.0%~75.0%),L 19.0%(20.0%~50.0%);超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)46.1 mg/L(0.1~3.0 mg/L);肾功能:尿酸591.4 μmol/L(202.3~416.5 μmol/L);尿常规、肝功能、血糖、电解质全套及血脂全套无异常。腹部脏器彩色多谱勒超声检查结果提左肾结石(0.3 cm×0.3 cm)。与别嘌醇药物不良反应相关的HLA-B*5801基因型检测结果呈阴性。临床诊断:①固定性药疹(依托考昔所致);②痛风。治疗:立即停用依托考昔,予抗过敏治疗(咪唑斯汀胶囊 10 mg 每日1次和赛庚啶2 mg 每日3次口服),抗感染治疗(头孢西丁针剂 3 g每日1次静脉滴注)、对症处理(复方甘草酸单铵针剂160 mg、维生素C针剂 3.0 g、止血芳酸针剂0.3 g、10%葡萄糖酸钙针剂 10 ml每日1次静脉滴注;复方硼砂含漱液漱口;生理盐水湿敷唇部皮损;0.05%苯扎氯铵溶液湿敷龟头部皮损),并在内分泌专科医生指导下使用非布司他片40 mg每日1次控制痛风症状。皮损逐渐缩小、消退,左膝关节疼痛症状逐渐减轻,10 d后痊愈出院。出院3个月后电话随访,患者自述继续口服别嘌醇100 mg 每日2次和非布司他40 mg每日1次治疗痛风,关节疼痛症状控制尚可;皮损未再次发生,仅原皮损部位遗留褐黑色色素沉着斑。
固定性药疹(fixed drug eruption,FDE)是皮肤药物不良反应中的一种特殊类型,以每次发病常于相同部位出现皮损为特征。FDE诊断主要基于病史、用药史及皮损特点:单发或多发的边界清楚的圆形、瘙痒性红斑,在再次服用同类药物后于相同部位再发皮损,皮损逐渐增多,症状逐渐加重,皮损愈后遗留色素沉着斑。迄今为止,已发现有100余种药物可导致FDE。近年来国外大量研究显示,非甾体类抗炎药如吡罗昔康、尼美舒利等已成为FDE最常见的致敏药物[2,3]。
依托考昔是一种新型高选择性环氧化酶- 2抑制剂,具有强大的抗炎活性,已被大量应用于治疗骨关节炎、类风湿关节炎以及急性痛风性关节炎。国外学者观察证实其可引起多种药疹,国内学者也发现了一些类似皮肤不良反应[14,15],但尚无其引起固定性药疹的报道。
依托考昔致FDE由Augustine等[8]于2006年首次报道,迄今国外学者已发现30多例[2,3,8-13]。近期一项回顾性研究结果显示,在新加坡确诊的FDE患者中,依托考昔为最常见诱因[3]。本例患者发疹前有明确的依托考昔片服用史;最近3次口服依托考昔片后均出现过类似病症;患者具有典型的临床特征,多发性边界清楚的圆形水肿性红斑,伴瘙痒感,再次服用依托考昔后皮损迅速于原位再次发作,症状逐渐加重,停药后症状可消退,愈后遗留色素沉着斑;患者既往长期规律口服别嘌醇治疗痛风,本次治愈出院后随访发现其仍继续服用别嘌醇,均未发生皮肤过敏反应症状,因此排除别嘌醇导致FDE药疹的可能。检测患者HLA-B*5801基因型呈阴性,亦佐证该推论。故认为本例依托考昔致固定性药疹诊断成立。因此,确诊后笔者详尽告知患者再次服用该药可能引发的严重后果,嘱其今后彻底停用依托考昔及其同结构药物。同时,警示临床医师应注意依托考昔所致固定性药疹。
[1] Brahimi N, Routier E, Raison-Peyron N, et al. A three-year-analysis of fixed drug eruptions in hospital settings in France [J]. Eur J Dermatol, 2010, 20(4):461-464.
[2] Andrade P, Brinca A, Gonçalo M. Patch testing in fixed drug eruptions-a 20-year review [J]. Contact Dermatitis, 2011, 65(4):195-201.
[3] Heng YK, Yew YW, Lim DS, et al. An update of fixed drug eruptions in Singapore [J]. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2015, 29(8): 1539-1544.
[4] Venturini Díaz M, San Juan de la Parra S, Segura Arazuri N. Selective immediate hypersensitivity to etoricoxib [J]. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol, 2008, 18(6):485-487.
[5] Makela L, Lammintausta K. Etoricoxib-induced acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis [J]. Acta Derm Venereol, 2008, 88(2):200-201.
[6] Thirion L, Nikkels AF, Piérard GE. Etoricoxib-induced erythemamultiforme-like eruption [J]. Dermatology, 2008, 216(3):227-228.
[7] Kreft B, Wohlrab J, Bramsiepe I, et al. Etoricoxib-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis: successful treatment with infliximab [J]. J Dermatol, 2010, 37(10):904-906.
[8] Augustine M, Sharma P, Stephen J, et al. Fixed drug eruption and generalised erythema following etoricoxib [J]. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol, 2006, 72(4):307-309.
[9] Duarte AF, Correia O, Azevedo R, et al. Bullous fixed drug eruption to etoricoxib–further evidence of intraepidermal CD8+T cell involvement [J]. Eur J Dermatol, 2010, 20(2):236-238.
[10] Calistru AM, Cunha AP, Nogueira A, et al. Etoricoxib-induced fixed drug eruption with positive lesional patch tests [J]. Cutan Ocul Toxicol, 2011, 30(2):154-156.
[11] Andrade P, Gonçalo M. Fixed drug eruption caused by etoricoxib-2 cases confirmed by patch testing [J]. Contact Dermatitis, 2011, 64(2):118-120.
[12] Ponce V, Munoz-Bellido F, Moreno E, et al. Fixed drug eruption caused by etoricoxib with tolerance to celecoxib and parecoxib [J]. Contact Dermatitis, 2012, 66(2):107-108.
[13] Gómez de la Fuente E, Pampín Franco A, Caro Gutiérrez D, et al. Fixed drug eruption due to etoricoxib in a patient with tolerance to Celecoxib: the value of patch testing [J]. Actas Dermosifiliogr, 2014, 105(3):314-315.
[14] 尚可. 艾拉莫德治疗类风湿关节炎的疗效及安全性分析 [J]. 临床医学工程, 2014, 21(12):1561-1562.
[15] 陈泽富, 褚卫韬. 依托考昔治疗老年膝骨关节炎的临床效果观察[J]. 健康研究, 2015, 35(1):60-61.
The first case of fixed drug eruption caused by etoricoxib in China and related references review
DONG Ying-ying,CHEN Lan,DUAN Yi,et al
Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hosptial, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
A case of fixed drug eruption caused by etoricoxib was reported here. A 43-year-old male presented with erythema, blisters, erosions on the skin of his inner canthi, mucosal membranes of the lips, oral as well as the balanus, accompanied by pruritus and pain for 12 hours. Dermatologic examination showed small pale erythema on his inner canthi; large violaceous or edematous erythema with several blisters were seen on his lips; small edematous erythema on the buccal mucosa; large erythema, erosions and exudation on his balanus. The patient had had three episodes with similar skin lesions after taking etoricoxib this time before. Then he was diagnosed as fixed drug eruption caused by etoricoxib. After etoricoxib was withdrawn and antihistamines as well as symptomatic treatment were adopted, the skin lesions resolved gradually, as well as long-last residual hyperpigmentation leaved. This case alerts clinicians to pay attention to the adverse reaction of fixed drug eruption caused by etoricoxib.
Fixed drug eruption;Etoricoxib
R752.5
A
1674-1293(2015)05-0419-03
2015-10-25
2015-11-23)
(本文编辑 祝贺)
10.11786/sypfbxzz.1674-1293.20150605
430030武汉,华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院皮肤科(董盈盈,陈岚,段铱,胡伟,张艳红,邓云华,陈兴平)
董盈盈,硕士研究生,研究方向:分子皮肤病学,E-mail: 839463210@qq.com
邓云华,E-mail: yhdeng@tjh.tjmu.edu.cn