中国蛙类原虫与棘头虫名录

夏伟丽, 黄　兵, 朱顺海, 门启斐, 韩红玉, 董　辉, 赵其平

(1.上海师范大学 生命与环境科学学院,上海 200234;2.中国农业科学院 上海兽医研究所 农业部动物寄生虫学重点实验室,上海 200241)

中国蛙类原虫与棘头虫名录

夏伟丽1, 黄兵2, 朱顺海2, 门启斐1, 韩红玉2, 董辉2, 赵其平2

(1.上海师范大学 生命与环境科学学院,上海 200234;2.中国农业科学院 上海兽医研究所 农业部动物寄生虫学重点实验室,上海 200241)

摘要:为了解我国蛙类原虫与棘头虫的种类与地理分布,收集了报道我国蛙类原虫与棘头虫的相关文献,依据较新的原虫与棘头虫分类系统整理成名录.共记录在中国31种蛙体内检出原虫61种,隶属于7门、11纲、12目、14科、23属;棘头虫8种,隶属于1门、2纲、2目、2科、3属.列出了每种原虫和棘头虫的中文名称、拉丁文名称、命名人与命名年、宿主与寄生部位、地理分布及文献来源等信息,为较全面了解我国蛙类原虫与棘头虫的种类情况提供了基础材料.

关键词:蛙; 蟾蜍; 原虫; 棘头虫

蛙是动物中的一大类,属于两栖类动物中的无尾目,已知种类有29科5000多种[1].由于蛙类的特殊生态价值和重要经济价值,在重点加强保护蛙类资源的同时,又要适度合理地开发利用蛙类资源.寄生虫病是严重危害蛙类健康的疾病之一,蛙既是寄生虫病的受害者,又是寄生虫病的传播者.常有对蛙类资源的不恰当利用,造成人体感染寄生虫病的报道[2-5].为便于人们对我国蛙类寄生虫的种类与分布有较全面的了解,本文作者收集整理了在国内外报道我国蛙类寄生虫的资料,参照原生动物[6-8]和棘头虫[9]的分类系统,现将蛙类原虫与棘头虫的种类整理成名录.

1原虫

1.1　阿米巴门　Amoebozoa(Lühe,1913)Cavalier-Smith,1998

国内在蛙体内检出阿米巴门原虫1种,分类阶元如下.

微管锥亚门Conosa Cavalier-Smith,1998

古阿米巴纲Archamoebea Cavalier-Smith,1983

泥生目Pelobiontida Page,1976

内阿米巴科Entamoebidae Calkins,1926

双核阿米巴属DientamoebaDobell,1940

1.1.1脆弱双核阿米巴DientamoebafragilisJepps et Dobe1l,1918[10]

宿主和寄生部位:中华蟾蜍指明亚种(Bufogargarizansgargarizans).肠道.

地理分布:重庆(北碚).

1.2　顶复门　Apicomplexa Levine,1970

国内在蛙体内检出顶复门原虫4种,隶属于1纲、1目、2科、2属,分类阶元如下.

球虫纲Coccidea Leuckart,1879

真球虫目Eucoccidiorida Léger et Duboscq,1910

阿代尔亚目Adeleorina Léger,1911

指状虫科Dactylosomatidae Jakowska et Nigrelli,1955

指状虫属(DactylosomaLabbé,1894)

1.2.1康乐村指状虫DactylosomakangleounensisLi,1980[11]

同物异名:康乐村疟焦虫.

宿主和寄生部位:泽蛙(Ranalimnocharis).血液.

地理分布:广东(广州).

1.2.2林蛙指状虫DactylosomaranarumKruse,1890[12-13]

宿主和寄生部位:沼蛙(Ranaguentheri),泽蛙(Ranalimnocharis),黑斑蛙(Rananigromaculata).血液.

地理分布:四川(宜宾),台湾.

1.2.3台湾指状虫DactylosomataiwanensisManwell,1964[13]

宿主和寄生部位:泽蛙(Ranalimnocharis).血液.

地理分布:台湾.

艾美耳亚目Eimeriorina Léger,1911

兰克斯特科Lankesterellidae Nöller,1902

兰克斯特属LankesterellaLabbé,1899

1.2.4最小兰克斯特球虫Lankesterellaminima(Chaussat,1850)Labbé,1899[12]

宿主和寄生部位:泽蛙(Ranalimnocharis).血液(子孢子).

地理分布:四川(宜宾).

1.3　纤毛虫门　Ciliophora Doflein,1901

国内在蛙体内检出纤毛虫门原虫28种,隶属于2纲、2目、3科、6属,分类阶元如下.

内核亚门Intramacronucleata Lynn,1996

裂口纲Litostomatea Small et Lynn,1981

毛口亚纲Trichostomatia Bütschli,1889

胞口目Vestibuliferida de Puytorac,etal.,1974

肠袋科Balantidiidae Reichenow in Dofleinet Reichenow,1929

肠袋虫属BalantidiumClaparède et Lachmann,1858

1.3.1洪湖肠袋虫BalantidiumhonghuensisLi,Li,Zhang,Wang,2013[14]

宿主和寄生部位:黑斑蛙(Rananigromaculata),泽蛙(Ranalimnocharis).直肠.

地理分布:湖北(洪湖).

1.3.2中国肠袋虫BalantidiumsinensisNie,1935[15]

宿主和寄生部位:黑斑蛙(Rananigromaculata),金线蛙(Ranaplancyi).直肠.

地理分布:江苏(南京).

寡膜纲Oligohymenophorea de Puytorac,etal.,1974

无口亚纲Astomatia Schewiakoff,1896

克利夫兰目Clevelandellida de Puytorac et Grain,1976

肠肾科Nyctotheridae Amaro,1972

巨咽肠肾虫属MacrocytopharynxaLi,Wang et Xiao,2002

1.3.3灵川巨咽肠肾虫MacrocytopharynxalingchuanensisLi,Wang et Xiao,2002[16-17]

宿主和寄生部位:泽蛙(Ranalimnocharis).直肠.

地理分布:广西(灵川),湖南(岳阳).

1.3.4梨形巨咽肠肾虫Macrocytopharynxapyriformis(Nie,1932)Li,Wang et Xiao,2002[16-17]

同物异名:NyctotheruspyriformisNie,1932;Nyctotheroidespyriformis(Nie,1932)Earl,1970.

宿主和寄生部位:泽蛙(Ranalimnocharis).直肠.

地理分布:广西(桂林),湖北(武昌),湖南(岳阳),江苏(南京),上海.

拟肠肾虫属Nyctotheroides(Grassé,1928)Corlis,1961

1.3.5安陆拟肠肾虫NyctotheroidesanluensisLi,Wang et Xiao,1998[16,18]

宿主和寄生部位:泽蛙(Ranalimnocharis).直肠.

地理分布:广西(桂林),湖北(安陆,武昌),湖南(岳阳).

1.3.6蟾蜍拟肠肾虫NyctotheroidesbufoidesLi,Wang et Xiao,1998[16,18]

宿主和寄生部位:华西蟾蜍(Bufoandrewsi),黑斑蛙(Rananigromaculata),金线蛙(Ranaplancyi).肠道.

地理分布:广西(柳州),湖北(黄陂).

1.3.7椭圆拟肠肾虫NyctotheroidesellipticusLi,Wang et Xiao,1998[16,18]

宿主和寄生部位:沼蛙(Ranaguentheri),日本林蛙(Ranajaponica).肠道.

地理分布:广西(桂林,柳州).

1.3.8湖北拟肠肾虫NyctotheroideshubeiensisLi,Wang et Xiao,1998[16,18]

宿主和寄生部位:隆肛蛙(Ranaquadranus).直肠.

地理分布:湖北(利川).

1.3.9柳州拟肠肾虫NyctotheroidesliuzhouensisLi,Wang et Xiao,1998[16,18]

宿主和寄生部位:华西蟾蜍(Bufoandrewsi),沼蛙(Ranaguentheri),黑斑蛙(Rananigromaculata),虎纹蛙(Ranarugulosa).直肠.

地理分布:广西(桂林,柳州).

1.3.10珞珈拟肠肾虫NyctotheroidesluojiaensisLi,Wang et Xiao,1998[16,18]

宿主和寄生部位:华西蟾蜍(Bufoandrewsi),泽蛙(Ranalimnocharis),黑斑蛙(Rananigromaculata),虎纹蛙(Ranarugulosa).直肠.

地理分布:湖北(武昌).

1.3.11南京拟肠肾虫Nyctotheroidesnankingensis(Nie,1932)Li,Wang et Xiao,1998[16,18]

同物异名:NyctotherusnankingensisNie,1932

宿主和寄生部位:沼蛙(Ranaguentheri).肠道.

地理分布:广西(大圩,桂林,柳州,灵川),湖北(安陆,武昌),江苏(南京),浙江(杭州).

1.3.12色素拟肠肾虫NyctotheroidespigmentosaeLi,Wang et Xiao,1998[16,18]

宿主和寄生部位:日本林蛙(Ranajaponica).直肠.

地理分布:广西(桂林).

1.3.13树蛙拟肠肾虫NyctotheroidesrhacophoriLi,Wang et Xiao,1998[16,18]

宿主和寄生部位:斑腿树蛙(Rhacophorusleucomysta),沼蛙(Ranaguentheri).直肠.

地理分布:广西(桂林).

管口科Sicuophoridae Amaro,1972

侧管肠肾虫属ParasicuophoraAlbaret,1968

1.3.14心形侧管肠肾虫Parasicuophoracordiformis(Grasse,1928)Albaret,1968[16]

同物异名:NyctotheruscordiformisEhrenberg,1838;Bursariacordiformis(Bloch,1782)Ehrenberg,1838;OpalinacordiformisPerty,1852;Nyctotheruscordiformis(Ehrenberg,1838)Grassé,1928;Nyctotheroidescordiformis(Ehrenberg,1838)Grassé,1928;Nyctotheroidescordiformis(Ehrenberg,1838)Amaro et Sena,1968.

宿主和寄生部位:中华蟾蜍(Bufogargarizans),饰纹姬蛙(Microhylaornata),沼蛙(Ranaguentheri),日本林蛙(Ranajaponica)泽蛙(Ranalimnocharis),黑斑蛙(Rananigromaculata),金线蛙(Ranaplancyi),虎纹蛙(Ranarugulosa).肠道.

地理分布:广西(桂林),河南(封丘),湖北(安陆,武昌),湖南(岳阳),江苏(南京),江西(九江),浙江(杭州).

1.3.15巨口侧管肠肾虫ParasicuophoramacrostomaeWang,Xiao et Li,1998[16,19]

宿主和寄生部位:中华蟾蜍(Bufogargarizans),黑斑蛙(Rananigromaculata),金线蛙(Ranaplancyi).直肠.

地理分布:湖北(武昌,武汉),湖南(岳阳).

1.3.16姬蛙侧管肠肾虫ParasicuophoramicrohylaeWang,Xiao et Li,1998[16,19]

宿主和寄生部位:饰纹姬蛙(Microhylaornata).直肠.

地理分布:广西(桂林,灵川).

1.3.17微小侧管肠肾虫ParasicuophoraminutisWang,Xiao et Li,1998[16,19]

宿主和寄生部位:滇蛙(Ranapleuraden).直肠.

地理分布:广西(灵川),湖北(利川).

1.3.18武昌侧管肠肾虫ParasicuophorawuchangensisWang,Xiao et Li,1998[16,19]

宿主和寄生部位:金线蛙(Ranaplancyi).直肠.

地理分布:湖北(武昌)

旋咽肠肾虫属SpirocytopharynxaLi,Wang et Xiao,2002

1.3.19广西旋咽肠肾虫SpirocytopharynxaguangxiensisLi,Wang et Xiao,2002[16-17]

宿主和寄生部位:棘胸蛙(Ranaspinosa).直肠.

地理分布:广西(灵川),湖北(利川).

1.3.20隆蛙旋咽肠肾虫SpirocytopharynxaquadranusLi,Wang et Xiao,2002[16-17]

宿主和寄生部位:隆肛蛙(Ranaquadranus).直肠.

地理分布:湖北(利川).

1.3.21中华旋咽肠肾虫SpirocytopharynxasinensisLi,Wang et Xiao,2002[15,17]

宿主和寄生部位:棘胸蛙(Ranaspinosa).直肠.

地理分布:广西(灵川),湖北(利川).

韦氏肠肾虫属WichtermaniaEarl,1972

1.3.22陈氏韦氏肠肾虫Wichtermaniacheni(Wichterman,1934)Earl,1972[16,20-21]

同物异名:棘蛙韦氏肠肾虫,陈氏肠肾虫(NyctotheruscheniWichterman,1934).

宿主和寄生部位:棘腹蛙 (Ranaboulengeri),棘胸蛙(Ranaspinosa).直肠.

地理分布:湖北(利川),福建.

1.3.23粒状韦氏肠肾虫WichtermaniagranuliformisXiao,Wang et Li,2002[16,21]

宿主和寄生部位:棘胸蛙(Ranaspinosa).直肠.

地理分布:广西(桂林).

1.3.24多粒韦氏肠肾虫WichtermaniamultigranularisXiao,Wang et Li,2002[16,21]

宿主和寄生部位:棘胸蛙(Ranaspinosa).直肠.

地理分布:广西(灵川),湖北(利川).

1.3.25倾斜韦氏肠肾虫WichtermaniaobliquoidesXiao,Wang et Li,2002[16,21]

宿主和寄生部位:棘胸蛙(Ranaspinosa).直肠.

地理分布:广西(桂林,灵川),湖北(利川).

1.3.26卵形韦氏肠肾虫WichtermaniaoviformisXiao,Wang et Li,2002[16,21]

宿主和寄生部位:滇蛙(Ranapleuraden),棘胸蛙(Ranaspinosa).直肠.

地理分布:广西(桂林,灵川).

1.3.27网纹韦氏肠肾虫WichtermaniareticulatisXiao,Wang et Li,2002[16,21]

宿主和寄生部位:棘胸蛙(Ranaspinosa).直肠.

地理分布:广西(灵川).

1.3.28泡状韦氏肠肾虫WichtermaniavesiformisXiao,Wang et Li,2002[16,21]

宿主和寄生部位:滇蛙(Ranapleuraden).直肠

地理分布:广西(灵川),湖北(利川).

1.4　眼虫门　Euglenozoa Cavalier-Smith,1981

国内在蛙体内检出眼虫门原虫8种,隶属于2纲、3目、3科、3属,分类阶元如下.

眼虫纲Euglenoidea Bütschli,1884

眼虫目Euglenida Butschli,1884

楔胞虫科Sphenomonadaceae Leedale,1967

后线虫属MetanemaSenn,1900

1.4.1卵形后线虫MetanemaovulaLi,Zhao et Zhou,2008[10,22]

宿主和寄生部位:中华蟾蜍指明亚种(Bufogargarizansgargarizans).肠道.

地理分布:重庆(北碚).

沟滴虫目Petalomonadida Cavalier-Smith,1993

沟滴虫科Petalomonadaceae

沟滴虫属PetalomonasStein,1859

1.4.2切断沟滴虫Petalomonasabscissa(Dujardin,1841)Stein,1859[10,22]

同物异名:CyclidiumabcissumDujardin,1841

宿主和寄生部位:中华蟾蜍指明亚种(Bufogargarizansgargarizans).肠道.

地理分布:重庆(北碚).

1.4.3微小沟滴虫PetalomonasminutaHollande,1942[10]

寄主及寄生部位:中华蟾蜍指名亚种(Bufogargarizansgargarizans).肠道.

地理分布:重庆(北碚).

动基体纲Kinetoplastea Honigberg,1963

锥虫目Trypanosomatida(Kent,1880)Hollande,1952

锥虫科Trypanosomatidae Dolfein,1901

锥虫属TrypanosomaGruby,1843

1.4.4加藤锥虫TrypanosomachattoniMathis et Leger,1911[12]

宿主和寄生部位:中华蟾蜍(Bufogargarizans).血液.

地理分布:四川(彭县).

1.4.5利川锥虫TrypanosomalichuanensisLi,1993[23]

宿主和寄生部位:棘腹蛙(Ranaboulengeri).血液.

地理分布:湖北(利川).

1.4.6体甲锥虫TrypanosomaloricatumMayer,1843[12]

宿主和寄生部位:黑斑蛙(Rananigromaculata).血液.

地理分布:四川(宜宾).

1.4.7有轮锥虫Trypanosomarotatorium(Mayer,1843)Laveran et Mesnil,1901[12]

宿主和寄生部位:中华蟾蜍(Bufogargarizans),泽蛙(Ranalimnocharis),黑斑蛙(Rananigromaculata).血液.

地理分布:四川(彭县,宜宾).

1.4.8宫田锥虫TrypanosomatsunezomiyataiMiyata,1978[12]

宿主和寄生部位:泽蛙(Ranalimnocharis).血液.

地理分布:四川(宜宾).

1.5　不等鞭毛门　Heterokonta Cavalier-Smith,1986

国内在蛙体内检出不等鞭毛门原虫15种,隶属于1纲、1目、1科、6属,分类阶元如下.

蛙片虫纲Opalinea Wenyon,1926

蛙片虫目Opalinida Poche,1913

蛙片虫科Opalinidae Claus,1874

贝氏蛙片虫属BezzenbergeriaEarl,1973

1.5.1尖尾贝氏蛙片虫Bezzenbergialanceolata(Bezzenberger,1904)Earl,1973[24]

同物异名:尖尾蛙片虫(OpalinalanceolataBezzenberger,1904),尖尾棍蛙片虫(Cepedealanceolata(Bezzenberger 1904)Metcalf,1923).

宿主和寄生部位:华西蟾蜍(Bufoandrewsi),黑斑蛙(Rananigromaculata),金线蛙(Ranaplancyi).直肠

地理分布:湖北(武昌),湖南(岳阳).

棍蛙片虫属CepedeaMetcalf,1920

1.5.2博氏棍蛙片虫中华亚种CepedeabuergerisinensisMetcalf,1923[25-26]

宿主和寄生部位:中华蟾蜍(Bufogargarizans).肠道.

地理分布:香港.

1.5.3长棍形蛙片虫CepedealongaBezzenberger,1904[24]

宿主和寄生部位:泽蛙(Ranalimnocharis),虎纹蛙(Ranarugulosa).直肠.

地理分布:广西(桂林),湖北(武昌),湖南(岳阳),江苏(南京).

单核蛙片虫属HegneriellaEarl,1971

1.5.4杜氏单核蛙片虫HegnerielladobelliEarl,1971[24]

宿主和寄生部位:湾岸蟾蜍(Bufovalliceps).直肠.

地理分布:广西(桂林).

蛙片虫属OpalinaPurkinje et Valentin,1835

1.5.5 尖腹蛙片虫OpalinaacuminataNie,1932[25]

宿主和寄生部位:北方狭口蛙(Kaloulaborealis).肠道.

地理分布:江苏(南京).

1.5.6陈氏蛙片虫OpalinacheniNie,1935[25]

宿主和寄生部位:北方狭口蛙(Kaloulaborealis).肠道.

地理分布:江苏(南京).

1.5.7对三角蛙片虫拉塔亚种OpalinaobtrigonoideaformalataNie,1935[25]

宿主和寄生部位:北方狭口蛙(Kaloulaborealis).肠道.

地理分布:江苏(南京).

1.5.8波状蛙片虫OpalinaundulataNie,1932[24-25]

宿主和寄生部位:泽蛙(Ranalimnocharis).直肠.

地理分布:江苏(南京),湖南(岳阳).

原蛙片虫属ProtoopalinaMetcalf,1918

1.5.9有尾原蛙片虫姬蛙亚种ProioopalinacaudatamicrohylaNie,1935[25]

宿主和寄生部位:饰纹姬蛙(Microhylaornata).肠道.

地理分布:江苏(南京).

1.5.10泽蛙原蛙片虫ProtoopalinalimnocharisNie,1932[24-25]

宿主和寄生部位:泽蛙(Ranalimnocharis).直肠.

地理分布:广西(桂林),湖北(武昌),湖南(岳阳),江苏(南京).

1.5.11平氏原蛙片虫ProtoopalinapingiNie,1935[25]

宿主和寄生部位:金线蛙(Ranaplancyi).肠道.

地理分布:江苏(南京).

1.5.12云南原蛙片虫ProtoopalinayunnanensisMetcalf,1940[25]

宿主和寄生部位:大蹼铃蟾(Bombinamaxima).肠道.

地理分布:云南.

1.5.13云南原蛙片虫陈氏亚种ProtoopalinayunnanensischeniMetcalf,1940[25]

宿主和寄生部位:大蹼铃蟾(Bombinamaxima).肠道.

地理分布:云南.

双核蛙片虫属ZelleriellaMetcalf,1920

1.5.14椭圆双核蛙片虫ZelleriellaellipticaChen,1948[24]

宿主和寄生部位:中华蟾蜍(Bufogargarizans),华西蟾蜍(Bufoandrewsi).直肠.

地理分布:广西(桂林),湖北(武昌).

1.5.15东方双核蛙片虫ZelleriellaorientalisNie,1935[25]

宿主和寄生部位:饰纹姬蛙(Microhylaornata).肠道.

地理分布:江苏(南京).

1.6　后滴门　Metamonada Grassé,1952

国内在蛙体内检出后滴门原虫4种,隶属于3纲、3目、3科、4属,分类阶元如下.

曲滴虫纲Retortamonadea Grassé,1952

曲滴虫目Retortamonadida Grassé,1952

曲滴虫科Retortamonadidae Wenrich,1932

唇鞭虫属ChilomastixAlexeieff,1912

1.6.1巨大唇鞭虫ChilomastixgigantaNie,1948[10,27]

宿主和寄生部位:中华蟾蜍指明亚种(Bufogargarizansgargarizans).肠道.

地理分布:重庆(北碚).

毛滴虫纲Trichomonadea Kirby,1947

毛滴虫目Trichomondida Kirby,1947

毛滴虫科Trichomonadidae Wenyon,1926

三毛滴虫属TritrichomonasKofoid,1920

1.6.2堂皇三毛滴虫TritrichomonasaugustaAlexeieff,1911[10,27]

同物异名:TrichomonasangustaAlexeieff,1911

宿主和寄生部位:中华蟾蜍指明亚种(Bufogargarizansgargarizans),普通蟾蜍(Bufovulgaris).肠道.

地理分布:重庆(北碚).

三鞭滴虫属TrichomitusSwezy,1915

1.6.3蟾蜍三鞭滴虫Trichomitusbatrachorum(Perty,1852)Krishnamurthy et Shete,1981[10,22,28]

同物异名:蛙毛滴虫、蟾蜍毛滴虫(TrichomonasbatrachorumPerty,1852),蛙三毛滴虫、蟾蜍三毛滴虫(TritrichomonasbatrachorumHonigberg,1953).

宿主和寄生部位:中华蟾蜍指明亚种(Bufogargarizansgargarizans),牛蛙(Ranacatesbeiana).肠道.

地理分布:重庆(北碚),福建(莆田).

双滴虫纲TrepomonadeaCavalier-Smith,1993

同物异名:Diplomonadea Wenyon,1926

双滴虫目Diplomonadida Wenyon,1926

同物异名:DistomatidaKlebs,1892

六鞭毛科Hexamitidae Kent,1880

六鞭毛虫属HexamitaDujardin,1841

1.6.4肠六鞭毛虫HexamitaintestinalisDujardin,1841[10,27]

宿主和寄生部位:中华蟾蜍指明亚种(Bufogargarizansgargarizans).肠道.

地理分布:重庆(北碚).

1.7　黏孢子门　Myxozoa Grasse,1970

国内在蛙体内仅检出1种黏孢子门原虫,其分类阶元如下.

黏孢子纲Myxosporea Bütschli,1881

双壳目Bivalvulida Shulman,1959

两极科Myxidiidae Thélohan,1892

两极属MyxidiumBütschli,1822

1.7.1蛙两极虫MyxidiumboulengeriLi,1993[23]

宿主和寄生部位:棘腹蛙(Ranaboulengeri).胆囊.

地理分布:湖北(利川).

2棘头虫

国内在蛙体内检出棘头虫8种,隶属于1门、2纲、2目、2科、3属,分类阶元如下.

2.1　棘头动物门　Acanthocephala Rudolphi,1808

始新棘头虫纲Eoacanthocephala Van Cleave,1 936

圆棘头虫目Gyracanthocephala Van Cleave,1936

四环科Quadrigyridae Van Cleave,1920

棘衣虫属PallisentisVan Cleave,1928

2.1.1隐藏棘衣虫PallisentiscleatusVan Cleave,1928[29-30]

同物异名:NeosentiscleatusVan Cleave,1928;PallisentisneosentiscleatusVan Cleave,1928.

宿主和寄生部位:沼蛙(Ranaguentheri),金线蛙(Ranaplancyi),花臭蛙(Ranaschmackeri),虎纹蛙(Ranarugulosa).肠道.

地理分布:福建(莆田,福鼎,).

古棘头虫纲Palaecanthocephala Meyer,1931

棘吻目Echinorhynchida Petrochenko,1956

棘吻科Echinorhynchidae Cobbold,1876

棘头虫属AcanthocephalusKoelreuter,1777

2.1.2细长棘头虫AcanthocephaluselongatusVan Cleave,1937[31]

宿主和寄生部位:日本蟾蜍(Bufojaponicus).肠道.

地理分布:湖南(长沙).

2.1.3光洁棘头虫AcanthocephaluslucidusVan Cleave,1925[32-34]

宿主和寄生部位:中华蟾蜍(Bufogargarizans),黑斑蛙(Rananigromaculata),棘胸蛙(Ranaspinosa).肠道.

地理分布:福建(屏南,梅花山).

2.1.4蛙棘头虫Acanthocephalusranae(Schrank,1788)Lühe,1911[34-35]

宿主和寄生部位:棘胸蛙(Ranaspinosa).肠道.

地理分布:福建(龙岩,梅花山).

2.1.5中华棘头虫AcanthocephalussinensisVan Cleave,1937[31]

宿主和寄生部位:日本蟾蜍(Bufojaponicus),黑斑蛙 (Rananigromaculata).肠道.

地理分布:湖北(武昌),湖南(长沙),浙江(绍兴).

伪棘头虫属PseudoacanthocehpalusPetrochenko,1956

2.1.6蟾居伪棘头虫PseudoacanthocehpalusbufonicolaKostylew,1941[36]

宿主和寄生部位:黑框蟾蜍(Bufomelanostictus),黑斑蛙(Rananigromaculata),虎纹蛙(Ranarugulosa).肠道.

地理分布:福建(福州).

2.1.7蟾蜍伪棘头虫Pseudoacanthocehpalusbufonis(Shipley,1903)Petrotschenko,1956[37,38]

同物异名:AcanthocephalusbufonisShipley,1903

宿主和寄生部位:黑框蟾蜍(Bufomelanostictus),大头蛙(Limnonecteskuhlii),竹叶臭蛙(Odorranaversabilis),锯腿小树蛙(Philautusodontotarsus),斑腿泛树蛙(Polypedatesmegacephalus),无声囊泛树蛙(Polypedatesmutus),虎纹蛙(Ranarugulosa),沼蛙(Ranaguentheri),泽蛙(Fejervaryalimnocharis),大绿蛙(Ranalivida),小角蟾(Xenophrysminor).肠道.

地理分布:福建(福州),广西(西江,十万大山国家级自然保护区).

2.1.8里斯伪棘头虫PseudoacanthocephalusreeseiBush,Duszynski et Nickol,2009[38]

宿主和寄生部位:中华蟾蜍(Bufogargarizans),峨眉泛树蛙(Polypedatesomeimontis),棘腹蛙 (Ranaboulengeri),泽蛙(Ranalimnocharis).小肠.

地理分布:贵州(宽阔水国家级自然保护区).

3结论

本文作者对我国蛙类原虫与棘头虫种类进行了系统整理,共记录原虫7门、11纲、12目、14科、23属、61种,棘头虫1门、2纲、2目、2科、3属、8种,记述了每种原虫与棘头虫的名称、寄生宿主与部位、地理分布及文献来源等信息,期望能提供一份较为完整的资料.尽管已尽全力检索和查阅报道我国蛙类原虫与棘头虫的文献,但仍可能有极少数文献被遗漏.动物(特别是原生动物)的分类系统在不断发展变化,本文作者尽可能保持原文的分类体系,但也依据较新的分类系统进行了调整,使之更趋符合发展的需求.随着我国蛙类寄生虫调查与相关研究工作的开展,会不断出现新的种类和新的记录,及时全面掌握蛙类寄生虫的种类与分布状况,对有效控制蛙寄生虫病的流行和做好人体寄生虫病的防控将有积极作用.

致谢:在撰写本文过程中,得到中国科学院水生生物研究所汪建国研究员、重庆师范大学生命科学学院赵元莙教授惠赠资料,特此表示感谢.

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(责任编辑：顾浩然)

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The checklist of protozoan and acanthocephalan from frogs in ChinaXIA Weili1, HUANG Bing2, ZHU Shunhai2,MEN Qifei1, HAN Hongyu2, DONG Hui2, ZHAO Qiping2

(1.College of Life and Environmental Sciences,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China;

2.Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture,

Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute,CAAS,Shanghai 200241,China)

Abstract:In order to understand the species of protozoan and acanthocephalan from frogs and their geographic distributions in China.Relevant literatures that reported protozoan and acanthocephalan in frogs of China were collected and a checklist was provided according to newer classification system on protozoan and acanthocephalan based on these literatures.In summary,61 species of protozoan and 8 species of acanthocephalan have been recorded in 31 species of frogs in China.Among them,the species of protozoan belong to 7 phyla,11 classes,12 orders,14 families,21 genera, and the species of acanthocephalan belong to 1 phylum,2 classes,2 orders,2 families,3 genera.The Chinese and Latin names,the namer and naming years,the parasitic hosts and parts,the geographical distributions and the sources of literatures of these protozoan and acanthocephalan species were listed as well,which provids the basic materials for a more comprehensive understand about species of protozoan and acanthocephalan from frogs in China.

Key words:frog; toad; protozoan; acanthocephalan

通信作者:夏伟丽,中国上海市桂林路100号,上海师范大学生命与环境科学学院,邮编:200234,E-mail:x1106827948@163.com;黄兵,中国上海市紫月路518号d304,中国农业科学院上海兽医研究所,邮编:200241,E-mail:huangbing232@163.com

基金项目:上海市闵行区高层次人才科研项目(2012RC030)

收稿日期:2014-06-30

中图分类号:Q 959

文献标志码:A

文章编号:1000-5137(2015)02-0158-11