中考任务型阅读题评析与专练

王玉龙

【试题评析】

全国各地中考英语试卷中的“任务型阅读”题型，是一种比较灵活的综合性试题，其主要考查学生根据所提供的信息解决实际问题的能力，同时还注重考查学生的阅读理解、分析理解、逻辑推理以及社会生活的综合运用能力。该题型因其新颖性和综合性强、利于对学生创新思维的培养等特点受到了命题者的青睐。该题型不仅较好地考查了考生的动脑能力，而且对考生动笔写的能力也进行了有效的检测，充分体现了新课程教学改革与评价观念的积极转变。

【解题策略】

因信息转换类考题在中考命题设题中的比重较大，笔者将着重谈下该类题目的几种常见的解题突破方法，希望能够对同学们提升自身的解题能力有所帮助与启迪。

◆方法一：词形/性转换题。考查将一种词类转换成另一种词类，主要包括动词与名词转换、形容词与副词转换、形容词与名词转换、同义词与反义词转换和前缀与后缀转换等。解题方法一般不难，只要学会在文中找到和题目相关的关键词进行相应转换即可。

◆方法二：句子结构转换题。浏览文章后，迅速将原文中与所出题目相关信息的句子进行划线定位并进行释义理解，细心考虑用提炼过的新词来改写句子，考查形式一般为改写同义句或反义句。

◆方法三：信息推理归纳题。解题关键是根据问题查找定位信息，找出共性的东西。归纳词的特征有：概括性，在最大程度上覆盖栏目内信息；针对性，量体裁衣，大小适度；醒目性，语言要求简洁明了。常见概括性词语有：话题类（topic， title）； 原因类（reason， cause）；结果类（result， effect， influence）；目的类（aim， purpose， goal）；方法类（way， method）；观点类（opinion， idea， thought）；异同类（different， same）；优劣类（advantage， disadvantage）；建议类（advice， suggestion， tip）；结论类（conclusion， summary）。

【例题解析】（2014年扬州市中考任务型阅读题，保留试卷原题号）

Its important to develop the healthy habits in your daily life. The following will help you become healthier and keep perfect shape. （56题为信息归纳题，考查文章标题的概括能力。）

Eat properly. A healthy diet is very important for everybody. Breakfast is the most important meal in a day. Doctors suggest that students breakfast should include fruit， eggs， milk， rice or noodles， because these can offer them necessary energy， （57题为词形转换题，考查provide sb. with sth.短语用法。） help them listen carefully in class and keep them healthy. Eat enough for lunch and little for supper. （58题为信息查找题，直接摘抄答案。） But remember that too much sugar is bad for your teeth and blood. You shouldnt have too many sweet snacks and desserts in your diet， even though such food tastes delicious. （59题为句子结构转换题，考查改写同义句。）

Keep off germs （病菌）. Daily tooth cleaning reduces the amount of germs which will spread diseases. （60题为句子结构转换释义理解题，考查提炼新词能力。） Germs in the mouth arelikely to enter the blood and cause illness， even heart disease. Even if youre not sick， always remember to cough or sneeze into your arms instead of your hands because hands can spread germs to others when you touch something else. （61题为词性转换题，考查stop sb. from doing sth. 短语用法。） Besides， washing hands is necessary after going to the toilet or before having a meal. And youd better rub both hands while washing them.

Exercise regularly. （62题为词性转换题，考查小标题词性前后一致原则。） Regular exercise can improve your moods and balance. Whats more， its good for bones. There are many forms of exercise： walking or running for about 30 minutes a day， playing ball games twice or three times a week， swimming or dancing often. You can choose your favorite to practise regularly. You will not only feel energetic （63题为信息查找题，直接摘抄答案。） but also think better after doing exercise.

Stay connected. Having regular communication with friends is the key to reducing stress. （64题为句子结构转换释义理解题，考查提炼新词能力。） And sharing happiness and sadness， exchanging information with others can also help improve memory. （65题为词性转换题，考查介词后动词变-ing形式用法。） Having a friend or a circle of friends can help you feel good.

[The 56 to keep fit

Eating properly ●You should have proper breakfast because it can 57 you with

necessary energy.

●You should have enough for lunch and little for 58 .

●Sweet snacks and desserts are tasty， 59 you shouldnt eat too much.

Keeping off germs ●Its necessary for you to 60 your teeth every day， cough or sneeze

into your arms and wash your hands often to stop germs from 61 .

62 regularly ●You will feel 63 and think better after doing exercise， so you can

choose your favourite sports to do.

Staying connected ●It can help you feel 64 stressed when you communicate with your

friends and it is also useful in 65 memory.]

Keys： 56. ways 57. provide 58. supper 59. but 60. brush

61. spreading 62. Exercising 63. energetic 64. less 65. improving

【练习建议】

☆借助所给图表结构，快速浏览并抓住文章中心大意；

☆培养信息定位查找的能力；

☆训练分析、整理、归纳信息以及准确表达信息的语言综合运用能力；

☆坚持不懈地抓好日常书写训练；

☆加强规范性训练，培养良好的思维和解题习惯；

☆夯实语法基础，并对词汇和短语复习加以巩固。

【专项训练】

阅读下面两篇短文，并根据所读内容在文章后的表格中填入恰当的单词，每空一词。

A

Have you ever wondered what an American high school is really like？ This article will describe a typical （典型的） high school and its students.

A typical American high school has some large buildings and enough space for about 1，500 students. Every student is given a locker （有锁的存物柜）. When students first arrive at school， they go straight to their lockers to put away or get their textbooks and to hang up their outdoor clothes. As American textbooks are expensive， students would rather loan （租借） than buy them. Students must pay back if they lost any of them.

American students have different types of school transport. They usually take a yellow school bus or walk to school if they live close enough. Sometimes their parents drive them to school. When they turn 16 years of age， most take a free driving class at school for one term. If students earn （挣得） passing grades in the class and also pass their state （国家；州） drivers exam， they can begin driving themselves to school.

Each day， students take six or seven classes. They must take science， math， English and social studies. They can choose art， homemaking， fashion design and other classes. In some schools students are required to take one or more of the following special classes： health education， physical education or foreign language studies. Students move to different classrooms for each subject. This is because each teacher has their own classroom. There is a five-minute break between classes， to give the students the time to hurry to their next class.

The regular school day usually ends early in the afternoon. After school more than half of the students join in after-school activities. These activities include sports—especially football， basketball， baseball and soccer or clubs， such as yearbook， speech， school newspaper， photograph or student government.

Title： 1 in an American High School

[Introduction ◇It gives an overview （综述） of a typical American high school and its 2 .

Lockers and ◇Every student has a locker for textbooks and 3 clothes.

textbooks ◇They prefer loaning textbooks to 4 them.

5 ◇Students usually go to school by bus or on foot. Sometimes their 6 send transport them to school by car.

◇They can 7 themselves to school when they are over 16 and have passed

the required tests.

Classes and ◇Students have to take main classes， elective （选修的） classes and sometimes

classrooms one or more 8 classes.

◇They go to 9 classrooms for each subject.

After-school ◇After school most of the students take part in their favorite activities， 10

activities sports and clubs.]

B

There are many things you can do to improve your memory. Among them are many kinds of useful ways as well as taking special care of your health.

It is important that you make yourself excited to make your memory more active. You can do this by doing some new activities and by changing your daily habits. Learning a new skill helps your brain （大脑） to develop. When trying to remember something， you should pay special attention to the most important things about it. Do not allow other thoughts to enter your mind because this will reduce your chances of making right memories.

An excellent way to help memory is to connect information with pictures. Try to see the pictures in your mind. Taking notes and keeping a diary will also be helpful.

Healthy food and plenty of vitamins are necessary for your memory to work well. Drinking a lot of water also helps keep your memory. You must allow your brain to have enough sleep and rest. When you are asleep， your brain stores memory. Not enough sleep can cause problems with storing information. And being tired will also stop you from being able to think clearly and well.

In order to keep your mind on your work，you must be free from worry. Generally， keeping fit and normal health checks are both important as well—not just for improving your memory.

Title： How to 11 your memory

[Main 12 * Take special care of your health.

* You can make yourself excited to make your memory more active if you

join in some new activities and 13 your daily habits.

*Learning a new skill is 14 to your brain.

*Pay attention to the most important things in order to add to your chances

to 15 right memories.

* 16 information with pictures is a very good way to help memory.

* Youd better take notes and keep 17 .

Other ways *Its necessary to eat 18 and take plenty of vitamins.

* You should drink 19 water.

* Having enough sleep and rest will 20 you think clearly and well.]

Keys： 1. Life 2. students 3. outdoor 4. buying 5. School

6. parents 7. drive 8. special 9. different 10. including

11. improve 12. ways 13. change 14. helpful 15. make

16. Connecting 17. diaries 18. healthily 19. much 20. help