向梅先, 金财多, 寇荣生, 杨光忠, 李 竣
(中南民族大学 药学院, 武汉 430074)
向梅先, 金财多, 寇荣生, 杨光忠, 李 竣*
(中南民族大学 药学院, 武汉 430074)
采用薄层色谱,正相、反相硅胶,葡聚糖凝胶,半制备高效液相柱对中药藤梨的正丁醇部位进行了分离研究.得到8个化合物,分别为:2-β-D-葡萄糖-1,3,7-三羟基-酮 (1), 7-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷]-1,8-二羟基-3-甲氧基-酮(2), 3-O-[β-D-吡喃鼠李糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖]-5,7,4′-三羟基黄酮(3),6-C-葡萄糖-5,7,3′,4′-四羟基黄酮(4), 6-C-葡萄糖-5,7,4′-三羟基黄酮 (5), 1-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷]-8-羟基-3,7-二甲氧基-酮(6), 3-O-[β-D-吡喃鼠李糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖]-5,7,3′,4′-四羟基黄酮 (7), 7-O-[β-D-吡喃鼠李糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖]-5,3′-二羟基-4′-甲氧基二氢黄酮 (8).所有的化合物都是首次从该植物分离得到.
藤梨; 正丁醇部位; 化学成分研究
藤梨又称藤梨根、阳桃、木子、猕猴桃根,为猕猴桃科猕猴桃属植物硬毛中华猕猴桃 [Actinidiaarguta(Sieb. & Zucc) Planch. ex Miq.] 的根.中华猕猴桃史载于《开宝本草》,生于林下或灌木丛中,海拔1 400~1 620 m,主要分布于我国东北、华北、西北及长江流域,日本和朝鲜也有分布,我国陕西省广泛栽培,栽植面积占全国一半以上.民间将猕猴桃的根洗净,晒干,切碎后进行入药使用.具清热解毒、清热利湿、防肿瘤抗癌、祛风除湿、利尿止血、解毒消肿,可缓解或治疗消化不良、呕吐、风湿痹痛、风湿骨痛、消化道癌肿、消化道肿瘤、痈疡疮疖、风湿骨痛及黄疸等症.近年来发现该植物具有抗癌,降血脂等活性[1].随着癌症病人的高发,对该药的研究也引起科学家的高度重视.本研究对其化学成分进行了系统分离研究,采用正相和反相硅胶柱色谱、葡聚糖凝胶LH-20色谱、高效液相半制备色谱及重结晶等分离和纯化方法,同时配合硅胶薄层层析跟踪分析,以薄层色谱指导柱层析,从藤梨乙酸乙酯和正丁醇位分离得到共计25个化合物,鉴定出了正丁醇部位分离的8个,且所有化合物均首次从该植物分离得到.8个化合物的结构如图1所示.
1.1 仪器
ZF-6型三用紫外光谱仪;Bruker AM-600型核磁共振仪;Finnigan LCQ-Deca和Waters/ Micromass Q-Tof-Ultima 型质谱仪;美国戴安Ultimate 3000型高效液相色谱仪(Chromeleon 色谱工作站);5C18-MS-Ⅱ(10 mm×250 mm)色谱柱;RE-52型旋转蒸发仪(上海亚荣生化仪器厂);KQ-500E型超声波清洗仪;紫外分光光度仪(VU);Nicolet NEXUS-670 傅立叶变更红外光谱仪;中草药粉碎机(FW177,天津市泰斯特仪器有限公司).
1.2 材料
藤梨根购自湖北天济中药饮片厂,经中南民族大学万定荣教授鉴定为硬毛中华猕猴桃 [Actinidiaarguta(Sieb. & Zucc) Planch. ex Miq.]的根.
1.3 试剂
95%的工业酒精(武汉酒精厂);乙醇:分析纯,天津博迪化学试剂厂;甲醇:分析纯,天津博迪化学试剂厂;乙酸乙酯:分析纯,上海国药集团化学试剂有限公司;石油醚:分析纯,上海国药集团化学试剂有限公司;正丁醇:分析纯,湖北大学化学试剂厂;苯:分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司;
薄层层析:GF254高效薄层板,青岛海洋化工有限公司;TLC板:GF254板,青岛海洋化工有限公司;柱层析硅胶:100~200目、200~300目、硅胶H,青岛海洋化工厂;RP-18: 50 μm; 反相硅胶,葡聚糖凝胶:日本YMC 公司.
图1 8个化合物的结构Fig.1 Structures of compounds 1~8
2.1 药材的提取与分离
取藤梨根饮片10 kg,用粉碎机粉碎成粗粉.将其粗粉置95%的酒精中室温浸泡提取3次,每次24 h.过滤,合并滤液,减压回收浓缩得浸膏3.4 kg,将浸膏用90%的甲醇水溶液溶解后用等体积石油醚萃取,回收石油醚得到石油醚浸膏200 g,即石油醚部位.减压回收下层的甲醇水溶液,得浸膏,浸膏用蒸馏水溶解后,分别用等体积的乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取,减压回收正丁醇得到浸膏1.1 kg. 称取乙酸乙酯部位和正丁醇部位浸膏各500 g,分别采用正相硅胶、反相硅胶、葡聚糖凝胶、半制备高效液相色谱柱进行分离,采用重结晶法对分离的化合物进行纯化,得到25 个化合物,鉴定了其中的8个.这8个化合物均来自于正丁醇部位.
2.2 结构鉴定
化合物1:黄色粉末,MW=406.33.
1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO): 13.41 (1H,s, 1-OH),10.14 (1H,s,OH),7.37(1H,d,J=9.0 Hz, H-5),7.51 (1H,d,J=3.0 Hz, H-8), 7.48 (1H,dd,J=9.0, 3.0Hz, H-6),6.31 (1H,s,H-4), 4.71 (1H, d,J=9.8 Hz, H-1 of Glc);13C NMR (150MHz,DMSO); 179.8 (C=O),165.1 (C-3), 162.1 (C-1), 156.3 (C-4a), 124.5 (C-6), 148.8 (C-4b), 153.9 (C-7),120.5 (C-8a), 108.3 (C-8), 107.8 (C-2),118.7 (C-5), 101.9 (C-8b), 93.2 (C-4),81.7 (C-1′of Glc), 79.2 (C-5′of Glc), 73.3 (C-2′of Glc),70.5 (C-3′of Glc),70.3 (C-4′of Glc),61.6 (C-6′of Glc).以上数据与参考文献一致[2].故鉴定该化合物为2-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1,3,7-三羟基-酮.
化合物2:黄色粉末,MW=568.48.
1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO): 11.75,11.72 (each 1H,s,1,8-OH),7.80 (1H,d,J=9.2 Hz,H-6), 6.76 (1H,d,J=9.2 Hz,H-5), 6.67 (1H,d,J=2.1 Hz, H-4), 6.46 (1H,d,J=2.1 Hz,H-2), 4.76 (1H,d,J=7.1 Hz,H-1′of Glc), 4.07 (1H,d,J=7.4 Hz, H-1″of Xyl), 3.67 (3H,s,OCH3);13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO): 184.2 (C=O), 167.2 (C-3), 162.0 (C-1),157.6 (C-4a), 149.3 (C-8), 149.8 (C-4b),140.4 (C-7), 125.3 (C-6), 107.2 (C-8a), 101.7 (C-8b), 106.2 (C-5), 103.8 (C-1″of Xyl), 101.1(C-1′of Glc), 97.2(C-2), 92.7 (C-4), 76.5 (C-3″of Xyl), 76.3 (C-5′of Glc), 76.2(C-3′of Glc), 73.3(C-2′of Glc), 73.1 (C-2″of Glc), 69.6 (C-4″of Xyl), 69.5 (C-4′of Glc) ,68.4 (C-6′of Glc), 65.7 (C-5″of Xyl), 56.4 (OCH3).以上数据与参考文献一致[3],故鉴定该化合物为7-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷]-1,8-二羟基-3-甲氧基-酮.
化合物3: 黄色粉末,MW=594.52.
1H NMR (600 MHz, 甲醇): 8.18 (1H,d,J=8.7 Hz,H-2′,6′), 6.58 (1H,d,J=8.6 Hz, H-3′,5′), 6.58 (1H, brs,H-8), 6.19 (1H,brs, H-6), 5.13 (1H,d,J=7.8 Hz, H-1″of Gal), 4.62 (1H,s,H-1‴of Rha), 1.28 (3H,d,J=6.2 Hz, H-6‴of Rha);13C NMR (150 MHz,甲醇); 179.4 (C=O), 166.8 (C-7), 162.8 (C-5),161.7 (C-4′),158.6 (C-4), 159.3 (C-2), 135.6 (C-3), 132.4 (C-2′,6′), 122.5 (C-1′), 116.3 (C-3′,5′), 105.7 (C-1″ of Gal),105.4 (C-10), 101.7 (C-1‴of Rha), 100.3 (C-6), 95.0 (C-8), 75.5 (C-3″ of Gal), 75.2 (C-5″of Gal), 73.7 (C-4‴of Rha), 73.1 (C-2″of Gal), 72.4 (C-3‴of Rha), 72.2 (C-2‴of Rha), 70.1 (C-5‴of Rha), 69.8 (C-4″of Gal), 67.4 (C-6″of Gal), 18.1 (C-6‴of Rha).以上数据与参考文献一致[4],故鉴定该化合物为3-O-[β-D-吡喃鼠李糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖]-5,7,4′-三羟基黄酮.
化合物4:黄色粉末,MW=462.40.
1H NMR( 600MHz, DMSO): 13.44 (1 H,s,5-OH), 7.52 (2 H,m,H-2′,6′), 6.79(1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-5′), 6.57 (1H,s,H-3), 6.68 (1H,s,H-8), 4.59 (1H,d,J=9.8 Hz H-1″of Glc);13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO): 181.5 (C=O), 163.6 (C-7), 163.6 (C-2), 160.5 (C-5), 156.2 (C-9),149.7 (C-4′),145.6 (C-3′), 121.5 (C-1′),119.2 (C-6′),113.3 (C-2′), 116.3 (C-5′), 108.7 (C-6), 103.4 (C-10), 102.6 (C-3), 93.3 (C-8), 81.5 (C-1′of Glc), 79.2 (C-5′of Glc), 73.2 (C-2′of Glc), 70.7 (C-3′of Glc), 70.3 (C-4′of Glc), 61.4 (C-6″of Glc).以上数据与参考文献一致[5],故鉴定该化合物为6-C-葡萄糖-5,7,3′,4′-四羟基黄酮.
化合物5:黄色粉末,MW=432.37.
1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO): 13.46 (1H,s,5-OH), 7.91 (2H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-2′,6′), 6.82 (1H,d,J=7.5 Hz, H-3′,5′), 6.65 (1H,s,H-3), 6.59 (1H,s,H-8), 4.60 (1H, d,J=9.6 Hz, H-1″ of Glc);13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO): 181.7 (C=O),163.4 (C-7), 161.4 (C-5), 160.7 (C-4′), 156.4 (C-9), 156.5 (C-2),128.3 (C-2′,6′), 121.2 (C-1′),116.1(C-3′,5′),109.2 (C-6), 103.3 (C-10), 102.5 (C-3), 93.6 (C-8), 81.7 (C-1″of Glc),79.2 (C-5″of Glc), 73.2 (C-2″of Glc), 70.7 (C-3″of Glc),70.2 (C-4″of Glc), 61.4 (C-6″of Glc)).以上数据与参考文献一致[6],故鉴定该化合物为6-C-葡萄糖-5,7,4′-三羟基黄酮.
化合物6:黄色粉末,MW=582.50.
1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO): 3.26 (1H,s,1-OH), 7.44 (1H,d,J=8.1 Hz,H-6), 6.69(1H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-5), 6.83 (2H,brs,H-2,4), 5.17 (1H,d,J=7.3 Hz,H-1′of Glc), 4.27 (1H,d,J=7.4 Hz,H-1′of Xyl), 3.81, 3.91 (each 3H, s, 3,7-OCH3);13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO): 181.3 (C=O), 165.6 (C-3), 159.3 (C-1), 158.7 (C-4a), 150.3 (C-8), 148.2 (C-4b), 142.4 (C-7), 120.5 (C-6), 104.6 (C-8b),104.4 (C-5), 104.1 (C-1″ of Xyl), 100.6 (C-1′of Glc), 98.6 (C-2), 94.8 (C-4),76.7 (C-3″ of Xyl), 76.5 (C-5′ of Glc), 75.6 (C-3′ of Glc), 73.5 (C-2′ of Glc), 73.3 (C-2″ of Glc), 69.7 (C-4″ of Xyl), 69.4 (C-4′ of Glc), 68.6 (C-6′ of Glc), 65.6 (C-5″ of Xyl), 56.6 (OCH3), 56.3 (OCH3). 以上数据与参考文献一致[7], 故鉴定该化合物为1-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷]-8-羟基-3,7-二甲氧基-酮.
化合物7:黄色针状结晶,MW=610.50.
1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO): 12.48 (1H,s,5-OH), 7.75 (1H, dd,J=8.5, 2.1Hz,H-6′),7.52 (1H,d,J=1.9 Hz,H-2′), 6.71 (1H,J=8.4 Hz, H-5′), 6.46 (1H,brs,H-8), 6.16 (1H, brs, H-6), 5.31 (1H, d,J=7.7 Hz, H-1′of Gal), 4.32 (1H, s, H-1‴of Rha), 1.26 (3H,d,J=6.2 Hz, H-6‴of Rha);13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO): 177.5 (C=O), 165.2 (C-7), 161.2 (C-5),156.6 (C-9),156.4 (C-2),148.8 (C-4′), 144.7 (C-3′),133.4 (C-3), 121.7 (C-1′), 121.2 (C-6′), 115.8 (C-2′), 115.4 (C-5′), 103.6 (C-10), 102.2 (C-1″of Gal), 100.2 (C-1‴of Rha), 99.3 (C-6), 93.7 (C-8), 73.5 (C-3″of Gal), 73.2 (C-5″of Gal), 71.9 (C-4‴of Rha),71.0 (C-2″of Gal), 70.7 (C-3‴of Rha),70.4 (C-2‴of Rha), 68.3 (C-4″of Gal), 68.3 (C-5‴of Rha), 65.2 (C-6″of Gal), 17.8 (C-6‴of Rha).以上数据与参考文献一致[8], 故鉴定该化合物为3-O-[β-D-吡喃鼠李糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖]-5,7,3′,4′-四羟基黄酮.
化合物8:黄色粉末,MW=610.56.
1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO): 11.89 (1H, s, 5-OH), 9.26 (1H,s,3′-OH), 6.79(3H, m, H-2′,5′,6′), 6.21 (1H,brs,H-2), 6.19 (1H,brs,H-4), 4.84 (1H,d,J=7.2 Hz, H-1′of Glc), 4.53 (1H, brs, H-1″ of Rha), 3.54 (3H, s, OCH3), 1.16 (3H, d,J=6.0 Hz, H-6″of Rha);13C NMR(150 MHz, DMSO): 197.2 (C=O), 165.1 (C-7), 163.3 (C-5), 162.4 (C-9), 148.1 (C-4′), 146.6 (C-3′), 130.7 (C-1′), 118.1 (C-6′), 114.3 (C-2′), 112.3 (C-5′), 103.2 (C-10), 100.7 (C-1‴of Rha), 99.4 (C-1″of Glc), 96.4 (C-6), 95.7 (C-8), 78.3 (C-2), 76.5 (C-3″ of Glc), 75.6 (C-5″of Glc), 73.2 (C-2″of Glc), 72.1 (C-4‴of Rha), 70.5 (C-3‴of Rha), 70.3 (C-2‴of Rha), 69.5 (C-4″of Glc), 68.3 (C-5‴of Rha), 66.2 (C-6″of Glc), 55.6 (4′-OCH3), 42.1 (C-3), 17.6 (C-6‴of Rha).以上数据与参考文献一致[9], 故鉴定该化合物为7-O-[β-D-吡喃鼠李糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖]-5,3′-二羟基-4′-甲氧基二氢黄酮.
藤梨为恩施土家药,具有较好的抗肿瘤活性.鉴于藤梨的药效,有必要对藤梨进行全面研究与开发,充分发挥其潜在的应用价值.本文对藤梨根的乙酸乙酯、正丁醇等部位进行了化学成分的分离研究,并探讨了治疗肿瘤的药效及作用机制.采用系统溶剂萃取及柱层析技术分离和重结晶方法,从乙酸乙酯部位和正丁醇部位分离得到25个化合物,鉴定了其中8个化合物的结构,这8个化合物均来自于正丁醇部位.经结构分析和文献资料查阅[10],发现分离的化合物全部为首次从该属植物中分离得到,下一步将对其进行活性筛选与作用机制研究,以期为该药在治疗肿瘤的临床应用提供科学依据.
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Study on chemical compound ofn-butyl alcohol fraction fromActinidiaarguta(Sieb. & Zucc) Planch. ex Miq.
XIANG Meixian, JIN Caiduo, KOU Rongsheng, YANG Guangzhong, LI Jun
(College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074)
To study chemical composition of fraction fromActinidiaarguta(Sieb. & Zucc) Planch. ex Miq. TLC, normal-phase silica gel column, reverse-phase silica gel column, sephadex-LH and semi-preparative HPLC column were used to isolate chemical compositions ofn-butyl alcohol fraction fromarguta(Sieb. & Zucc) Planch. ex Miq. Eight compounds were identified as: 2-β-D-Glu-1,3,7-tri hydrogen-xanthone (1), 7-O-[beta-D-xylose-(1-6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside]-1, 8-dihydroxy-3-methoxy Xanthone (2); 3-O-[beta-D-Pyranrham-nose-(1-6)-beta-D-galactopyranose]-5,7,4′-trihydroxy flavone (3); 6-C-glucose-5,7,3′,4′-tetra hydroxy flavone (4); 6-C-glucose -5,7,4′-trihydroxy flavone(5), 1-O-[beta-D-xylose-(1-6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside]-8-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy Xanthone (6); 3-O-[beta-D-pyran rhamnose-(1-beta-D-pyran galactose]-5,7,3′,4′-tetrahydroxy flavone (7); 7-O-[beta-D-pyran rhamnose-(1-6)-beta-D-pyran glucose]-5, 3′-dihydroxy-4′-methoxy two dihydrogen flavone (8).All compounds were isolated for the first time from this plant, moreover, all compounds were gained from genus for first time.
Actinidiaarguta(Sieb. & Zucc) Planch. ex Miq.;n-butyl alcohol fraction; chemical composition
2015-02-18.
武汉市科技晨光计划项目(2014070404010210).
1000-1190(2015)03-0397-05
O629
A
*通讯联系人. E-mail: Lijunwuhan@sina.com.