伊朗Semnan省姬蜂科(膜翅目)昆虫区系研究

Hassan GHAHARI

(Department of Plant Protection, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Branch,

Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)

Received： 2015-07-22; Published: 2015-10-31

Author: Hassan Ghahari, Email: hghahari@yahoo.com

Ghahari H.2015.A faunistic study on Ichneumonidae(Hymenoptera)from Semnan province,Iran.武夷科学，31：34-42.

伊朗Semnan省姬蜂科(膜翅目)昆虫区系研究

Hassan GHAHARI

(DepartmentofPlantProtection,Yadegar-e-ImamKhomeini(RAH)Branch,

IslamicAzadUniversity,Tehran,Iran)

摘要:本文研究了伊朗Semnan省的姬蜂科昆虫区系，采集和鉴定了Alomyinae亚科(1种)、Anomaloninae亚科(1种)、Cremastinae亚科(1种)、Cryptinae亚科(5种)、Ctenopelmatinae亚科(2种)、Ichneumoninae亚科(5种)、Phuridinae亚科(1种)、Tersilochinae亚科(1种)和Tryphoninae亚科(4种)的21种。

关键词:膜翅目；姬蜂科；区系；Semnan省；伊朗

1Introduction

Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) is a large family of parasitic wasps with 24 281 described species in 1 538 genera at world level (Yuetal., 2012), but the estimation is over 100 000 species (Gauld, 2000). These insects are powerful natural enemies of agricultural and forest pests and have important role in biological control of insect pests (Turnocketal., 1976; Gupta, 1988; Wahl, 1993). The catalogue of Iranian Ichneumonidae has been published by Kolarov and Ghahari (2005), they recorded 144 species belonging to 65 genera and 14 subfamilies. After that, many other works were published (e.g. Kolarov & Ghahari, 2005; Masnadi, 2006; Kolarov & Ghahari, 2006; Kolarov & Ghahari, 2007; Kolarov & Ghahari, 2008; Masnadi & Jussila 2008; Masnadi & Jussila, 2009; Zarepouretal., 2009; Ghahari & Jussila, 2010a, b; Akbarzadeh, 2011; Ghahari & Jussila, 2011), most data are given in the checklist done by Barahoeietal. (2012) with 502 species belonging to 189 genera and 24 subfamilies. Latter, other authors (Ghahari, 2012; Mohammadi Khoramabadietal., 2013; Ghahari & Jussila, 2014a, b, 2015; Barahoeietal., 2014a, b, 2015, etc.) have made contributions to the Iranian fauna. The aim of this paper is the faunistic study on the ichneumonids from some regions of the Semnan province.

2Materials and Methods

The specimens were collected by Malaise traps and sweeping nets from some regions (Damghan, Garmsar, Semnan, Shahmirzad and Shahrud) of Semnan province in different seasons of 2011. Semnan province covers an area of 96 816 square kilometers and stretches along the Alborz mountain range and borders to Dasht-e Kavir desert in its southern parts. The province is divided into two parts: a mountainous region, and the plains at the foot of the mountains. In this paper, classification, nomenclature and distribution data were taken from Yuetal. (2012).

3Results

Totally 21 ichneumonid species from 21 genera (Aderaeon Townes, Agrothereutes Förster, Agrypon Förster, Barytarbes Förster, Colpognathus Wesmael, Cryptus Fabricius, Diaparsis Förster, Diphyus Kriechbaumer, Erromenus Holmgren, Ichneumon Linneaus, Idiolispa Förster, Lathrolestes Förster, Mesoleptus Gravenhorst, Netelia Gray, Phaestacoenitus Smits van Burgst, Pristomerus Curtis, Thrybius Townes, Trichomma Wesmael, Tryphon Fallén, Virgichneumon Heinrich, and Vulgichneumon Heinrich) were collected and identified from some regions of Semnan province. Four species Trichomma enecator (Rossi, 1790), Agrypon flexorium (Thunberg, 1822), Thrybius praedator (Rossi, 1792), and Diaparsis (Nanodiaparsis) frontella (Holmgren, 1860) are new records for the fauna of Iran. The list of species with distribution data is given below.

Subfamily Alomyinae Forster, 1869

GenusTrichommaWesmael, 1849

Trichommaenecator(Rossi, 1790), new record for Iran

Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Shahrud (Jangal-e Abr), 35°30′ N 55°30′ E, 1♀, 21 June 2011.

Distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Islands, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, former Yugoslavia.

Subfamily Anomaloninae Viereck, 1918

GenusAgryponFörster, 1860

Agryponflexorium(Thunberg, 1822), new record for Iran

Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Shahrud (Jangal-e Abr), 35°30′ N 55°30′ E, 1♀, 22 June 2011.

Distribution: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, Uzbekistan.

Subfamily Cremastinae Foerster, 1869

GenusPristomerusCurtis, 1836

PristomerushorribilisNarolsky, 1987

Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Damghan, 35°30′ N 54°20′ E, 1♂, 5-6 August 2011.

Distribution: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Iran, Poland, Slovakia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine.

Subfamily Cryptinae Kirby, 1837

GenusAgrothereutesFörster, 1850

Agrothereutesparvulus(Habermehl, 1926)

Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Garmsar, 35°00′ N 52°20′ E, 2♀, 17 April 2011.

Distribution: Bulgaria, France, Iran, Poland, Spain, Turkey.

GenusCryptusFabricius, 1804

CryptusdianaeGravenhorst, 1829

Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Shahrud, 35°30′ N 55°30′ E, 1♀, 1♂, 24 June 2011; Damghan, 35°30′ N 54°20′ E, 1♀, 5-6 August 2011.

Distribution outside Iran: Afghanistan, Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Egypt, Eritrea, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK.

GenusIdiolispaFörster, 1869

Idiolispaanalis(Gravenhorst, 1807)

Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Garmsar, 35°00′ N 52°20′ E, 1♀, 17 April 2011; Shahmirzad, 35°42′ N 53°21′ E, 2♀, 19 June 2011.

Distribution: Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, USA, UK.

GenusMesoleptusGravenhorst, 1829

Mesoleptusincessor(Haliday, 1839)

Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Damghan, 35°30′ N 54°20′ E, 2♂, 5-6 August 2011.

Distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK.

GenusThrybiusTownes, 1965

Thrybiuspraedator(Rossi, 1792), new record for Iran

Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Shahrud (Jangal-e Abr), 35°30′ N 55°30′ E, 3♀, 22 June 2011.

Distribution: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey, UK.

Subfamily Ctenopelmatinae Förster, 1869

GenusBarytarbesFörster, 1869

Barytarbessuperbus(Schmiedeknecht, 1914)

Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Semnan, 35°20′ N 53°20′ E, 1♀, 20 June 2011.

Distribution: Algeria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, former Yugoslavia.

GenusLathrolestesFörster, 1869

Lathrolestesensator(Brauns)

Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Shahrud, 35°30′ N 55°30′ E, 1♂, 23 June 2011.

Distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Germany, Iran, Netherlands, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK.

Subfamily Ichneumoninae Latreille, 1802

GenusColpognathusWesmael, 1845

ColpognathusceleratorGravenhorst, 1844

Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Shahrud (Jangal-e Abr), 35°30′ N 55°30′ E, 1♀, 21 June 2011; Semnan, 35°20′ N 53°20′ E, 2♀,exofOstrinianubilalisHübner (Lepidoptera: Pyraiistidae), 20 June 2011.

Distribution: Andorra, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, former Yugoslavia.

GenusDiphyusKriechbaumer, 1890

Diphyusquadripunctorius(Müller, 1776)

Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Shahrud (Jangal-e Abr), 35°30′ N 55°30′ E, 1♀, 21 June 2011.

Distribution: Algeria, Andorra, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, former Yugoslavia.

GenusIchneumonLinneaus, 1758

IchneumoncaedatorGravenhorst, 1829

Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Shahrud (Jangal-e Abr), 35°30′ N 55°30′ E, 2♀, 22 June 2011; Damghan, 35°30′ N 54°20′ E, 1♀, 5-6 August 2011.

Distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, former Yugoslavia.

GenusVirgichneumonHeinrich, 1977

Virgichneumonalbosignatus(Gravenhorst, 1893)

Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Shahrud, 35°30′ N 55°30′ E, 2♀, 24 June 2011; Damghan, 35°30′ N 54°20′ E, 1♂, 5-6 August 2011.

Distribution: Afghanistan, Andorra, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK.

GenusVulgichneumonHeinrich, 1962

Vulgichneumonsuavis(Gravenhorst, 1820)

Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Shahrud (Jangal-e Abr), 35°30′ N 55°30′ E, 1♂, 22 June 2011.

Distribution: Andorra, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Tunisia, Ukraine, UK, former Yugoslavia.

Subfamily Phuridinae Townes & Townes, 1949

GenusPhaestacoenitusSmits van Burgst, 1913

Phaestacoenitusnigernitidus Kasparyan, 1983

Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Garmsar, 35°00′ N 52°20′ E, 1♀, 17 April 2011.

Distribution: Caucasus, Georgia, Iran, Russia, Turkey.

Subfamily Tersilochinae Schmiedeknecht, 1910

GenusDiaparsisFörster, 1869

Diaparsis(Nanodiaparsis)frontella(Holmgren, 1860), new record for Iran

Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Shahrud (Jangal-e Abr), 35°30′ N 55°30′ E, 2♀, 21 June 2011.

Distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, UK.

Subfamily Tryphoninae Shuckard, 1840

GenusAderaeonTownes, 1949

AderaeonhamatumKasparyan, 1971

Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Shahmirzad, 35°42′ N 53°21′ E, 1♀, 18 June 2011; Shahrud, 35°30′ N 55°30′ E, 2♀, 23 June 2011.

Distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Iran, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine.

GenusErromenusHolmgren, 1855

Erromenusplebejus(Woldstedt, 1877)

Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Semnan, 35°20′ N 53°20′ E, 1♀, 2♂, 20 June 2011; Shahmirzad, 35°42′ N 53°21′ E, 1♀, 19 June 2011.

Distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Iran, Korea, Moldova, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, UK.

GenusNeteliaGray, 1860

Neteliafuscicornis(Holmgren, 1860)

Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Shahrud (Jangal-e Abr), 35°30′ N 55°30′ E, 1♀, 1♂, 22 June 2011.

Distribution: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Nepal, Netherlands, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia & Montenegro, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, Uzbekistan, former Yugoslavia.

GenusTryphonFallén, 1813

Tryphon(Tryphon)psilosagatorAubert, 1966

Material examined: Iran, Semnan province, Shahrud, 35°30′ N 55°30′ E, 2♀, September 2011.

Distribution: Bulgaria, France, Greece, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine, Turkey, Ukraine.

4Discussion

Upon the results of this research and also other work on the ichneumonids of Semnan province (Ghahari, 2012) with 15 species, the fauna of Ichneumonidae in Semnan province seems diverse. Of course, samplings were done in some regions of the province and so we expect several other species when other areas are sampled. Since these beneficial insects have an efficient role in biological control of agricultural and forest pests, continuing the faunistic surveys is necessary for determining their distribution and especially their hosts in different regions of Iran. Biological control distinguishes itself from all other forms of pest control by acting in a density-dependent manner; natural enemies increase in intensity and destroy a larger portion of the population as the density of that population increases, and vice-versa (De Bach and Rosen, 1991; Altierietal., 1997). Although the fauna of Iranian Ichneumonidae was studied rather well, most the faunistic works were done on the basis of collecting adult wasps by sweeping nets and Malaise traps and in this case the hosts of parasitoids are unknown. Therefore, determining ichneumonids' hosts is necessary upon the rearing of different hosts in optimum condition.

Acknowledgement

The author is grateful to R. Jussila (University of Turku, Finland), N.S. Gadallah (University of Cairo, Egypt) and E. Ruiz-Cancino (Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, México) for confirming some materials and editing the manuscript, H. Naderian and H. Saedi (M. Sc. students of Garmsar Islamic Azad University) for their cooperation during the samplings, J. Huang (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China) for preparing the manuscript for publishing. This research was supported by Islamic Azad University (Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Branch).

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(责任编辑：陈晓雯)

A faunistic study on Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) from

Semnan province, Iran

Hassan GHAHARI

(DepartmentofPlantProtection,Yadegar-e-ImamKhomeini(RAH)Branch,

IslamicAzadUniversity,Tehran,Iran)

Abstract:The fauna of ichneumonid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from some regions of the Semnan province was studied in this paper. In total, 21 species from the subfamilies Alomyinae (1), Anomaloninae (1), Cremastinae (1), Cryptinae (5), Ctenopelmatinae (2), Ichneumoninae (5), Phuridinae (1), Tersilochinae (1) and Tryphoninae (4) were collected and identified.

Key words:Hymenoptera; Ichneumonidae; fauna; Semnan; Iran

中图分类号:Q969.54

文献标识码:A

文章编号：1001-4276-(2015)01-0034-09