黄 涛,彭志宏,黄柏胜
(1.湖南师范大学附属中学, 湖南 长沙 410006; 2.长沙市雅礼中学, 湖南 长沙 410007;
3.中南大学湘雅医学院生理学系, 湖南 长沙 410013)
pcDNA3.1-Pax6载体的构建及其对胶质瘤细胞增殖的影响
黄涛1,彭志宏2,黄柏胜3*
(1.湖南师范大学附属中学, 湖南 长沙 410006; 2.长沙市雅礼中学, 湖南 长沙 410007;
3.中南大学湘雅医学院生理学系, 湖南 长沙 410013)
摘要:目的:构建pcDNA3.1-Pax6过表达质粒并观察其对胶质瘤U251细胞增殖的影响。方法:以K562细胞cDNA为模版,采用RT-PCR的方法扩增Pax6基因,将扩增产物酶切回收后与同样酶切回收的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1连接、转化,构建pcDNA3.1-Pax6重组质粒,再经菌落PCR、酶切及测序鉴定重组质粒;利用脂质体lipofectamine 2000转染重组质粒至U251细胞。Real-time PCR检测Pax6 mRNA的表达水平,Western blot检测PAX6蛋白的表达,MTT法检测U251细胞增殖。结果:PCR扩增获得长度为1 131 bp的阳性产物,经pcDNA3.1真核表达载体克隆、酶切鉴定及序列分析后,证实真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1-Pax6构建成功;Real-time PCR结果显示,Pax6过表达后的U251细胞Pax6 mRNA表达水平明显高于正常对照组;Western blot结果显示,PAX6蛋白表达亦明显高于正常对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);MTT结果显示,与正常对照组细胞比较,转染pcDNA3.1-Pax6组的细胞,细胞增殖能力明显降低,差异亦具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:成功构建人Pax6基因的pcDNA3.1-Pax6重组质粒,过表达Pax6基因抑制U251细胞的增殖。
关键词:Pax6基因; pcDNA3.1真核表达载体; 胶质瘤细胞; 细胞增殖
胶质瘤是临床上常见的原发性中枢神经系统恶性肿瘤,因它具有高侵袭性,与邻近正常脑组织无明显分界,导致手术治疗难以根除,常易复发、死亡率高。目前胶质瘤的常规治疗手段如手术切除、放疗、化疗效果并不满意[1],经治疗后的患者的中位生存期仅有14个月左右[2-6],因此寻找胶质瘤新的治疗靶点具有重要意义。研究发现,胶质瘤组织中Pax6的表达水平明显低于正常脑组织[4,7],提示探索胶质瘤中Pax6表达降低的确切机制,有望为明确胶质瘤的侵袭性指明新思路。本研究通过构建Pax6基因的过表达pcDNA3.1-Pax6重组质粒,利用脂质体lipofectamine 2000将pcDNA3.1-Pax6重组质粒转染胶质瘤U251细胞,分别检测Pax6基因mRNA和PAX6蛋白表达情况,并初步探讨Pax6基因过表达后对U251细胞增殖的影响。
1材料与方法
1.1材料
DMEM培养基(Hyclone公司),胎牛血清(杭州四季青公司),Trizol(Invitrogen公司),PCR TaqMix(广州东盛生物公司),琼脂糖(Spanish公司),凝胶回收试剂盒(OMEGA公司),pcDNA3.1(+)载体(Invitrogen 公司),脂质体lipofectamine2000(Invitrogen公司),核酸分子量标准(TaKaRa公司),酵母浸出粉、精解蛋白胨(Oxoid公司),质粒提取试剂盒(北京博大泰克公司),BamHI、EcoRI、T4连接酶和逆转录试剂盒(Fermentas公司),一抗和二抗购自Santa Cruz,K562细胞和U251细胞(上海细胞所),大肠杆菌DH5α菌株为本室保存。
1.2方法
1.2.1PCR扩增目的基因Pax6
提取培养的K562细胞RNA,逆转录为cDNA,再以cDNA为模版,扩增Pax6基因。扩增引物由华大基因公司合成,序列如下:Pax6-ORF-F:GGATCCATGCAGAACAGTCACAGC(下划线为BamHI酶切位点),Pax6-ORF-R:GAATTCTTACTGTAATCTTGGCCAGT(下划线为EcoRI酶切位点),预计PCR扩增产物大小为1 311 bp。产物以1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳,凝胶成像仪拍照。
1.2.2PCR产物的回收纯化、酶切与连接、转化
将PCR产物在紫外透射仪下切胶纯化,产物回收纯化按琼脂糖凝胶回收试剂盒说明书操作步骤进行;将回收纯化后的产物及pcDNA3.1载体分别通过BamHI、EcoRI酶切,然后进行连接、转化。
1.2.3阳性克隆的鉴定
采用菌落PCR法、酶切法及测序比对鉴定阳性克隆。挑取平板上长出的转化子重悬于10 μL LB培养液中,从中取1 μL做模板进行菌落PCR鉴定;另外取经菌落PCR鉴定的阳性克隆进行抽提质粒,并对重组质粒进行双酶切鉴定,具体操作方法按照试剂盒说明书进行;测序比对鉴定则将酶切验证的阳性克隆菌液送武汉华大基因进行双向测序,以此进一步证实插入片段Pax6-CDS序列的正确与否。
1.2.4Pax6表达的检测
1.2.4.1Real-Time PCR检测Pax6 mRNA的表达
将已经构建的pcDNA3.1-Pax6重组质粒及pcDNA3.1空质粒分别转染培养的胶质瘤U251细胞,在转染72 h后分别收集各组细胞。Real-Time PCR引物,Pax6正义链AGACACAGCCCTCACAAAC,反义链ATCATAACTCCGCCCATTC,扩增产物长度为157 bp;内参β-actin正义链AGGGGCCGGACTCGTCATACT,反义链GGCGGCACCACCATGTACCCT,扩增产物长度为202 bp。
1.2.4.2Western Blot检测PAX6蛋白的表达
在转染72 h后用0.25%胰酶消化收集各组细胞,1 500 r/min离心去培养基;再分别用PBS重悬细胞,1 500 r/min离心去上清,细胞沉淀用于提取蛋白。取一定量总蛋白样品进行SDS-PAGE电泳,转移到PVDF膜上,用TBST室温封闭1 h,分别用稀释的PAX6或内参β-actin一抗4 ℃孵育过夜。TBST漂洗3次,加入辣根过氧化物酶标记羊抗兔IgG二抗,室温孵育1 h。TBST 漂洗3 次,用ECL Western blot 试剂盒检测。
1.2.5MTT检测细胞活力
分别在转染后0 h、24 h、48 h、72 h处理各组细胞,96孔板每孔加入5 mg/mL的MTT 20 μL(终浓度为0.5 mg/mL),孵育4 h,弃上清,每孔加入200 μL DMSO,震荡20 min,置酶标仪570 nm处测定光密度(OD)值。以正常对照组细胞活力为100%,实验组细胞活力按以下公式计算:细胞活力(%)=实验组OD值/对照组OD值×100%。
1.2.6统计学方法
用SPSS16.0软件分析实验数据,结果以均数±标准差表示,组间两两单因素方差分析(one-way) 比较采用ANOVA检验。Real-Time PCR数值分析采用2-ΔΔCt分析法计算基因表达的相对比值,以P<0.05为有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1PCR扩增目的基因Pax6
以K562细胞cDNA为模板,PCR扩增Pax6,经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果显示,扩增的产物大小为1 131 bp,与预期大小一致(图1)。
2.2菌落PCR鉴定
1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果显示,5-8号孔有阳性条带,即为阳性转化子,扩增条带大小与预计产物1 131 bp一致;1-4号孔为阴性,N孔为空白对照(图2)。
2.3pcDNA3.1-Pax6重组质粒的酶切鉴定
阳性克隆经BamHI/EcoRI双酶切后,1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳可见有两条条带,一条与pcDNA3.1空载体大小一致,另一条与目的片段1 131 bp大小一致,说明pcDNA3.1-Pax6重组质粒构建成功(图3)。
2.4pcDNA3.1-Pax6重组质粒的测序鉴定
将酶切验证正确的阳性克隆菌液送武汉华大基因公司进行双向测序,测序结果(图4)证实插入片段是Pax6 CDS序列,且与模板序列比对无点突变,Pax6基因CDS序列成功插入pcDNA3.1(+)载体中,重组质粒构建成功。
M:DS2000 DNA分子量标准;1: Pax6基因的扩增产物M: DS2000 DNA ladder; 1: The amplified product of Pax6图1 Pax6的PCR扩增Fig.1 PCR amplification of Pax6
M:DS2000 DNA分子量标准;5,6,7和8为阳性转化子M:DS2000 DNA ladder;5,6,7 and 8 holes are positive transformants图2 pcDNA3.1-Pax6的菌落PCR鉴定Fig.2 Identifying pcDNA3.1-Pax6 by colony PCR
M:1 kb DNA分子量标准;1:pcDNA3.1-Pax6重组质粒酶切条带M:1 kb DNA ladder; 1:Digested pcDNA3.1-Pax6图3 pcDNA3.1-Pax6重组质粒的双酶切鉴定Fig.3 Double-enzyme digestion of pcDNA3.1-Pax6 recombinant plasmid
图4 pcDNA3.1-Pax6重组质粒的序列测定Fig.4 The sequencing map of pcDNA3.1-Pax6 recombinant plasmid
2.5Pax6 mRNA的表达
Real-time PCR结果显示:在胶质瘤U251细胞中,转染pcDNA3.1-Pax6过表达质粒,Pax6表达上调(P<0.05),说明用脂质体lipofectamine 2000能将外源性的Pax6转染至U251细胞中,质粒转染模型构建成功(图5)。
2.6PAX6 蛋白的表达
pcDNA3.1-Pax6过表达质粒转染U251细胞后,通过Western Blot检测PAX6蛋白的表达,结果可见Pax6过表达后,PAX6蛋白表达量明显增加(P<0.05),说明Pax6过表达质粒转染U251细胞模型构建成功(图6)。
2.7Pax6对U251细胞增殖的影响
在U251细胞中转染pcDNA3.1-Pax6过表达质粒48 h后,MTT结果可见U251细胞的增殖能力较对照组开始降低,以72 h时增殖能力降低较显著(P<0.05)。
Normal:对照组;pcDNA3.1:转染pcDNA3.1空载体组;pcDNA3.1-Pax6:转染pcDNA3.1-Pax6重组质粒组;与对照组比较*P<0.05Normal: Normal group; pcDNA3.1: transfected with pcDNA3.1 empty vector; pcDNA3.1-Pax6: transfected with pcDNA3.1-Pax6 recombinant plasmid; *P<0.05, vs Normal group图5 Pax6 mRNA在U251细胞的表达Fig.5 The expression of Pax6 mRNA in U251 cells
(a)Western Blot检测PAX6蛋白的表达 1:对照组;2:pcDNA3.1空载体组;3:pcDNA3.1-Pax6重组质粒组; (b)PAX6蛋白的灰度扫描结果 Normal:对照组;pcDNA3.1:转染pcDNA3.1空载体组;pcDNA3.1-Pax6:转染pcDNA3.1-Pax6重组质粒组;与对照组比较*P<0.05(a)The expression of PAX6 protein by Western Blot.1:Normal group; 2:pcDNA3.1 vector group; 3:pcDNA3.1-Pax6 recombinant plasmid group;(b)The gray density results of PAX6 protein. Normal: Normal group; pcDNA3.1:transfected with pcDNA3.1 empty vector; pcDNA3.1-Pax6: transfected with pcDNA3.1-Pax6 recombinant plasmid; *P<0.05, vs Normal group图6 PAX6蛋白在U251细胞的表达Fig.6 The expression of PAX6 protein in U251 cells
*P<0.05, vs Normal group图7 Pax6对U251细胞增殖的影响Fig.7 Effects of Pax6 on the proliferation of U251 cells
3讨论
胶质瘤起源于胶质细胞或其前体细胞,是临床上常见的原发性中枢神经系统恶性肿瘤,大约占颅内肿瘤的40%-50%,病人确诊后5年存活率少于3%[8,9]。胶质瘤具有高侵袭性,与邻近正常脑组织无明显分界,使得手术治疗难以根除,常易复发、死亡率高。随着分子生物学技术的飞速发展,人们逐渐认识到恶性肿瘤实质上是一种基因疾病,其发生、发展涉及多种基因水平的改变,导致正常细胞原癌基因和抑癌基因功能改变、细胞信号传导受阻,细胞周期紊乱、细胞凋亡受到抑制等,结果出现细胞的异常增殖、自主侵袭、血管增生等恶性表型。因此,探索胶质瘤发病机制、有效治疗方法,积极开展胶质瘤的基因治疗成为目前神经科学研究热点之一。
Pax6是进化上高度保守的Pax家族成员之一,定位于11p13染色体,该基因的正常表达在多种器官发生中起着决定性作用,与眼、中枢神经系统、鼻、胰腺和内分泌腺等组织器官的发育有关,在脑中持久表达[10],它广泛地参与细胞增殖、迁移、分化和黏附等生命活动,在不同的组织和细胞中发挥不同的功能。如Pax6在多种内分泌细胞的表达上调,对维持血糖浓度稳定和内分泌的功能稳定起着重要作用[11]。但Pax6在不同类型癌症的生长、侵袭和血管生成中亦发挥不同的作用[12-15]。研究报道,Pax6促进人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞[16]和乳腺癌细胞[17]的增殖。抑制Pax6的表达,可通过增加Bcl-2、CDK1和PCNA的表达,降低BAX和p21的表达而促进人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞增殖,减少细胞凋亡[18];但在非小细胞肺癌A549、H1299细胞,抑制Pax6的表达,则通过抑制MAPK信号通路从而抑制癌细胞增殖及细胞周期进程[19]。然而Pax6在胶质瘤的表达水平明显低于邻近正常脑组织[4,7],过表达Pax6能抑制胶质瘤细胞的生长和侵袭[13,15],Pax6可能是通过抑制G1期向S期转化而抑制细胞生长[15],或通过抑制VEGFA的表达而抑制肿瘤的生长、血管生成和转移[20,21]。最近的研究显示,Pax6作为microRNA-7的靶基因促进结肠直肠癌Caco-2细胞、SW480细胞的增殖[22],但Pax6作为microRNA-335的靶基因则抑制胶质瘤U251细胞、U87细胞的增殖[23]以及抑制乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的增殖[24]。
本研究中我们成功构建了Pax6基因的过表达pcDNA3.1-Pax6重组质粒,利用脂质体lipofectamine 2000将pcDNA3.1-Pax6重组质粒转染至胶质瘤U251细胞,Real-Time PCR及Western Blot结果显示Pax6 mRNA及PAX6蛋白的表达均高于未转染组,转染组细胞的增殖能力低于未转染细胞组,我们的研究结果显示过表达Pax6降低胶质瘤细胞增殖,提示Pax6基因在胶质瘤中的低表达可能是胶质瘤异常增殖、生长的原因之一。由于Pax6调控的基因众多,而且Pax6本身又是多种microRNA的靶基因,对其调控机制尚未完全阐明,究竟Pax6基因是如何影响胶质瘤细胞的增殖、生长的,还需要作深入研究,我们构建的pcDNA3.1-Pax6重组质粒将为进一步研究Pax6基因的功能奠定实验基础。
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Construction of Recombination Vector of pcDNA3.1-Pax6 and the Effect ofPax6 on Proliferation of Glioma Cells
HUANGTao1,PENGZhihong2,HUANGBaisheng3*
(1.The High School Attached to Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, China; 2.Changsha Yali Middle School, Changsha 410007, Hunan, China; 3.Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China)
Abstract:Objective:To construct over-expression plasmid of pcDNA3.1-Pax6 and investigate its impact on proliferation of glioma U251 cells. Methods:Pax6 gene was amplified from cDNA of K562 cells using RT-PCR. The Pax6 gene was restrictively digested and recycled, and then inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1.The recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-Pax6 was confirmed by colony PCR, restriction endonuclease digestion and sequencing. The recombinant plasmid was transfected into U251 cells through lipofectamine 2000. The expression of Pax6 at mRNA and protein levels after transfection was identified by Real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectivly. The U251 cell proliferation was measured by MTT. Results:The purpose gene gained from PCR amplification had length of 1131 bp. Eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1-Pax6 was identificated by colony PCR, enzyme digestion and sequencing analysis. Real-time PCR showed that the expression of Pax6 mRNA was increased in U251 cells transfected with Pax6 gene compared to the normal group. Western blotting results showed that PAX6 protein levels in U251 cells transfected with Pax6 gene was also over-expressed compared with the normal group (P<0.05). MTT results showed that transfection of pcDNA3.1-Pax6 inhibited the proliferation of the U251 cells compared to normal group (P<0.05). Conclusion: We successfully constructd the pcDNA3.1-Pax6 recombinant plasmid. Over-expression of Pax6 gene could inhibit the proliferation of the U251 cells.
Key words:Pax6 gene; eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1; glioma cells; proliferation
文章编号:1007-7146(2015)06-0533-06
文献标志码:A
中图分类号:R739.4
*通讯作者:黄柏胜(1966-),男,湖南永州人,博士,主要从事脑神经保护方向的研究。(手机)13975182078; (电子邮箱)huangbs2078@163.com
作者简介:黄涛,男,湖南长沙人,湖南师范大学附属中学。(电子邮箱)huangt20130432@163.com
基金项目:湖南省自然科学基金(2015JJ2157)
收稿日期:2015-08-28;修回日期:2015-09-30
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2015.06.008