贵安生态创新模式的探索实践——BRE中国区总裁杰亚 · 斯甘达穆斯先生专访

采访、文/ 本刊编辑部 Interviewed and Edited by ECGB Editorial Department

贵安生态创新模式的探索实践
——BRE中国区总裁杰亚 · 斯甘达穆斯先生专访

采访、文/ 本刊编辑部 Interviewed and Edited by ECGB Editorial Department

INNOVATIVE ECOLOGICAL MODEL OF GUI' AN:AN INTERVIEW WITH MR. JAYA SKANDAMOORTHY, DIRECTOR OF BRE CHINA

Gui' an Innovation Park is the f rst park under the partnership of BRE and China. It is also China' s f rst Innovation Park with the theme of ecological civilization. Mr. Jaya Skandamoorthy, Director of BRE China, accepted our interview at his busy schedule between China and UK, and dived into the details of Gui' an Innovation Park.

贵安生态文明创新园（以下简称“贵安创新园”）是英国建筑研究院（Building Research Establishment Limited，以下简称BRE）在中国落地的首个创新园项目，也是中国第一个以生态文明为主题的创新园。负责此项目的BRE中国区总裁杰亚 · 斯甘达穆斯先生在往返中英的繁忙工作中，抽空接受了《生态城市与绿色建筑》杂志（以下简称ECGB）的采访，使我们对贵安创新园有了更为详细和深入的了解。

ECGB：Could you introduce the BRE in brief?

JAYA：The Building Research Establishment (BRE) was set up in 1921 and raised as a government department historically. We supported all the government policies, regulations and standards concerning construction and building improving practices. Over the years, BRE was privatized in 1997. We' re now owned by an educational charity "the BRE trust" , and we continue to support government policies, regulations and standards. Part of the way that we support policies and standards is to demonstrate real buildings and technologies at our headquarters. In London, we have the BRE Innovation Park where we demonstrates new designs, new buildings, new technologies and we monitor the performance, test them, do the research that help us understand how new technology, new designs and new techniques can be applied into mainstream construction. We then advise government on policies, regulations and standards that bring new solutions into mainstream. The BRE Innovation Park, which was launched in 2005, has been the key platform to enable change in the UK construction industry, particularly around green buildings. We are working with industry partners of the whole range, including academic partners, as well as government departments and agencies to really showcase different aspects or sustainability, green technology and innovation. That really helps the UK to grow its green building sector market.

And now in the UK we have a mature green building sector that started over 30 years. The Innovation Park has had many visitors, over 70,000, who are mainly professionals, to the Innovation Park in London. We also have many VIP visitors to the innovation park, including the UK Prime Minister, HRH Prince of Wales and the Chinese Premier, and many other government ministers who have visited our park because it supports their policies.

ECGB：请您简要介绍一下BRE?

JAYA：BRE成立于1921年, 最初作为政府机构而设立，进行公

共建筑和住宅的政策、法规以及工业标准的制定和实施。1997年，BRE实行私有化，目前隶属于BRE信托基金，但其主要工作依然是在建筑的政策法规方面对政府进行协助，并延续至今。支持政策和制定标准的部分工作是通过在BRE的总部进行示范建筑实践的方式进行的。2005年，BRE在伦敦总部推出创新园，进行新设计、新技术和新工艺的展示和性能监控，我们希望通过测试研究，更好地理解如何将新设计、新技术和新工艺应用到主流建设中，进而在政府政策、法规和标准制定的过程中提出有效的建议，促进主流建设的新发展。建筑实践是我们协助制定政策和标准工作的一部分，因此，创新园已经发展成为一个影响英国工业尤其是绿色建筑发展的重要平台，它将工业界、学术界、政府和代理机构全程紧密联系在一起，真正地从不同角度展示了可持续发展、绿色科技和创新能力，促进了英国工业的发展，重建行业市场。

经过30多年的发展，我们现在拥有非常成熟的行业经验，每年伦敦创新园都会接待超过17 000名的访客，其中多为专业人士，他们希望能够了解最新的建筑技术，并学习如何将它们应用到自己的项目中。此外，创新园也受到很多重要人物的关注，由于有助于支持政府落实政策，许多政界的领导，包括我们英国的首相都参观了创新园。

ECGB: As the f rst Innovation Park with the theme of ecological civilization in China, what is the cooperation background of Gui' an New Area?

JAYA：It is a great honor for us to have Premier Li Keqiang, Vice Premier then, visit the BRE Innovation Park in 2011. He was very interested in the Park and spent over three hours, toured the many demonstration buildings which features a range of materials, products and technologies used to improve the energy efficiency and carbon footprint and sustainability, and he asked lots of questions and some quite technical questions.

Premier Li understood that UK is very different from China, but he asked us to support China in three areas. The first was whether we could recreate a similar Innovation Park in China to showcase different technologies suitable for China. The second, was take leading expert organizations in the UK, to partner with leading organizations in China and to support exemplar developments, so to form leading collaboration between UK and China. He also wants to f nd a way to allow leading Chinese organizations, experts and services to come into the UK market by using the BRE Innovation Park as a platform for Chinese companies to access the whole European market.

Thirdly, a comparison between UK performances based regulations and standards like BREEAM which enables innovation and more prescriptive standards and regulations in China, to share the learning on different approaches and outcomes. We have to be very much in two ways exchange of information, ideas, technologies and opportunities and very happy to support that.

Mr. Liu Xiaoming, Chinese ambassador in London, followed up and kept the Chinese Premier informed of our progress. This started to take BRE in a new and exciting direction. In the early stages we were introduced to many leading Chinese organizations and companies by the Chinese ambassador. We initially focused on trying to develop close collaboration and deeper relationships with a range of leading Chinese organizations, developers and also government. That was mainly the focus in the last two years and the key part of that is that we are introduced to Tsinghua University, which is a similar organization to BRE. We have the same values, vision and principles, and we are like brother and sister organization. Tsinghua University do some amazing research as you know. That really helps us to understand how we can work together better and would get to another level in short time. One of the opportunities that has come through this collaboration is Gui' an. Tsinghua Holdings, with Professor Yin Zhi and Miss Tan Xiaochuan, identified a great opportunity in Gui' an to create the Innovation Park.

ECGB：作为中国首个以生态文明为主题的创新园，中英合作创建此项目的契机是什么或者说两国是基于什么背景来合作的？

JAYA：特别荣幸，伦敦创新园在2011年迎来了李克强总理（时任国务院副总理）的访问。他对创新园表现出极大的兴趣并参观了其中的多栋建筑，问了很多问题，特别是技术方面的问题，整个参观持续了3个多小时。

李克强总理希望中英双方可以在以下3个方面进行合作。首先，在中国建设一个类似的创新园用于示范展示中国适宜技术；其次，组建一支英国的专家团队与中国的专家团队合作，通过创新园示范项目促进中英在生态方面之间形成领先的合作关系。此外，他还希望可以开辟一个引领中国领先组织、专家和相关服务进入英国市场的模式，进而借此对接欧洲市场。第三，对中英两国的政策法规和标准，如BREEAM，开展绿色建筑标准的对比研究，共享研究成果，并提出了具体的要求。我们对于信息、思想、技术和机会的双向交流非常赞赏，也非常乐于为这些项目提供支持。

这次访问促进了中英的关系，对于BRE也产生了巨大的影响。李克强总理访问结束后，中国驻英国大使刘晓明先生马上进行了跟进和落实工作，我们与中国的合作就此展开。

我们从不同的方向展开工作。在2011～2013年的两年间，通过中国大使和一些中国领先的公司，相关机构组织建立了亲密的协作关系，其中包括开发商和政府机构。最近两年，我们主要和清华大学的一些相关机构在进行合作，对我们来说，这次合作也是最有价值的。清华大学拥有与BRE类似的研究机构，拥有相同的价值观、相同的视角和准则，如同姊妹机构。他们做了一些有意义的研究，我们也从中进行学习。因此，在很短的时间内，我们便和清华形成了亲密的合作关系，在接下来的几年中，我们的合作应该可以达到新的高度。贵安创新园项目的合作，也让我们认识到如何更好地进行下一步合作。清控人居的尹稚教授和谭小川女士辨识出了在贵安创建创新园的契机。

ECGB: Could you give us more details on the Gui' an Innovation Park？

JAYA:Gui' an, in Guizhou province, is also very special because of the climate conditions. It has unique climate conditions. China has f ve different climate zones, and Gui' an is in sub-tropical. You have to really understand the different climate zones to be able to develop the right solution for that location. So it's really important to understand the local climate and the local context, including local culture, policies and heritage that need to be protected and represented in any solutions. There are solutions that you can take from Gui' an and use in other parks, but you have to be very sensitive to the different climate zones and also the different cultural and social characteristics. China is, as you know, such a big

country. You have to tailor your solutions to meet the local requirements rather than having one solution for all. It' s very diff cult. So China is starting to form the national framework that would allow the right solutions to be delivered at provincial and local level. So I think it is really important for China' s national government to set the national framework and guidelines and then support the local government and provincial government to make specif c solutions and applications without being too prescriptive. That' s a challenge not to be too prescriptive. I think now the discussion is with Tsinghua Holdings to use Gui' an as the start and the f rst of the networks on innovation parks. We can develop solutions and learn which solution can be applied to different parts of China. Our vision is not just to have one park but to have a network of parks across China, and also connected to international network of Innovation Park. Gui' an Innovation Park is to be a part of the global network. The Innovation Park network is being established in the UK, Brazil, Canada, and United States and now in China. Many of the challenges that we are facing today are common global issues, such as climate change, resilience to extreme weather events, material and resource depletion, energy crisis, water crisis and so on. These are global issues that we need to f nd ways to agree and apply locally. I think the Innovation Park network across China and international will provide a platform for government to collaborate government to government, industry to industry, academia to academia and the whole combined really supports knowledge exchange and allows learning from each other. That' s the goal for Innovation Park.

ECGB：您能否具体介绍一下贵安生态文明创新园项目？

JAYA：贵安地处贵州省，气候条件特殊。中国拥有5个不同的气候带，贵安属于亚热带气候区，拥有得天独厚的气候条件。只有真正了解不同的气候特点，才能做出适宜当地的开发方案，因此，了解当地的气候和文脉都是极其重要的。在开发的过程中，我们需要关注当地的政治、文化、传统，尽可能地对其进行保护和传承。一些解决方案，在其他地方是可以直接使用的，但是，对于不同气候区表现出来的不同气候特征、社会文化特征，我们必须保持高度的敏感性，进行适当的调整，进而满足不同的地域需求。中国和欧洲大陆一样面积巨大，包含不同的气候区，寻找一个通用的解决方案是非常困难的。虽然在欧洲的英国和德国，解决方案会有很大的不同，但方法都是相似的。根据条件的不同，对解决方法进行调整，使其满足当地的特殊条件。同样的，中国首先需要搭建一个推动各省级政府可以进行推广的国家级框架和指导方针，然后由各省级政府制定具体的解决措施和实施方案，这对于中国来说是非常重要的。当然，不能有太多的硬性指标是一个挑战，这是目前我们和清控人居以贵安作为起始，共同创建生态文明创新园网络所要探究的问题。

我们希望创建一个既能够满足不同的气候区，又能够体现当地民俗文化特征的创新园，开发出可以应用于中国不同地区的解决方案。我们的愿景，不仅仅是做一个创新园，而是将创新园网络覆盖中国并与国际创新园网络接轨，希望将贵安创新园建设成为全球创新园网络的一部分。国际创新园网络已经覆盖了巴西、美国、加拿大以及欧洲各地，现在是中国。人类面临着全球性的挑战，气候变化、能源危机、空气质量恶化、水资源不足等。这些全球性的问题需要在每个地区提供最适宜的解决方案。中国和国际创新园网络的建设将会为各国提供一个平台，实现政府与政府、行业与行业、科研与科研之间的合作，真正地实现互相学习，这也是贵安创新园建设的目标。

ECGB: What's the different standards between the Innovation Park in Gui'an and in Watford？ In what aspects do they differ？

JAYA：In UK London, the Innovation Park has mainly been set up to support the UK policies, regulations and standards. The similar way put on in Gui' an, to support local policies, regulations and standards, which support wider international objectives as well. It' s the main differences between these two parks, but the approach is greatly similar. We are very keen to see how we can set the right performance requirements and learn with the two standards. The China green building standard—Three-Star Standard—is the most important standard for China. It is really important to make this standard as success in China if we are going to grow the green building market in China. At the moment it is still early in China' s green movement and so it is really important to make sure that the standards and regulations are applied in the right way nationally and locally. This will give conf dence to the industry in China to adopt the standards and policies. Some of them would want to meet international standards and benchmarks. And in this way it' s also attracting international investments. There are many international companies who can also demonstrate they can meet requirements to understand the international benchmarks. Our goal really is to make sure that we are applying both BREEAM and Three-Star Standard together. So in the Gui' an Innovation Park, We are applying BREEAM and China Threestar Standard to the Tsinghua demonstration building.

ECGB：贵安创新园的创建标准，与伦敦沃特福德创新园有何不同？主要是哪些方面？

JAYA ：伦敦创新园是按照伦敦的政策、法规和行业标准建造的；同样地，贵安创新园将会在满足全球创新园网络目标的前提下，遵循当地的政策、法规和工业标准进行建造。这是两个创新园主要的区别，但是两者整体的工作方法是相似的。我们希望通过学习两个国家的不同标准，了解如何设定正确的性能要求。中国的绿色建筑三星标准非常重要，已经取得了重要的成功。作为绿色建筑的认证标准，产品的环保性能开始成为行业价值的评定标准，中国的绿色运动由此展开。确保相关法律法规以正确的方式得到实施是非常重要的，中国的企业家有信心接受这些标准和政策，其中的一些企业家希望可以得到一些国际标准，一些开发商希望得到国际标准认证以吸引外资。中国也有很多国际企业，证明了他们可以满足国际标准。在贵安创新园的建设中，我们的目标是在满足中国绿色建筑三星评价标准的同时满足BREEAM标准。因此，在清控人居科技示范楼中，同时应用了两个标准。

ECGB: Why should Gui' an be the site of the first Innovation Park in China?

JAYA：I think one of the most important is Gui' an is in a very unique climate zone and it also has very strong heritage. There are over 30 minority communities. There's very rich in its heritage and the social community. So that's really important to recognize

the history and the heritage of that region, to f nd ways to protect historic heritage, to create modern dwellings and to keep local character. That's particularly a challenge for Gui' an as well as the climate. And the most important goal for the Innovation Park is the research platform. By creating the right knowledge locally, you can start to come out with new solutions. Rather than telling people solutions, you allow them to learn themselves and come up with the right solutions. That's really important part for Gui' an government. The Gui' an government has been tasked to come up with the new model for eco-urbanization. So how to come up with the new models for urbanization is very challenging in China. If Gui' an can f nd the right approach and solutions that they can help other parts of China.

Part of the purpose is to identify the themes that technologies will then be developed from. So it's very important theme around energy∶ energy minimization, energy efficiency and renewable energy, and the research around that would develop new solutions. There' s also very important theme around the water, f ood management which concern the sponge city. The sponge city helps with climate change resilience, preventing f ush f ood and improving management of surface water f ow, which is an important aspect of urbanization. The research around this area will help to develop new solutions. There is also so much smart and digital technology and yet how can we create smart grids and smart cities? What does a building that is powered with DC current not AC, 100% DC direct current rather alternative current AC. There're so many areas of research that we'd like to look at∶ the renewable energy, agriculture and food. There' s opportunity to grow potential and important crops that could be used as bio-fuel. In Gui' an, there' re a lot of lands that we could create high value of crops which also can be used to generate electricity and power.

ECGB：为什么将贵安作为中国第一个创新园区的选址？

JAYA：贵安气候独特，文化遗产丰富，是30多个少数民族的聚居地。在这样历史悠久、文化多元的地区修建现代化建筑，正确认识当地的历史和文化遗产，同时探索保护与传承历史和地方特色是很有意义的。与其独特的气候条件一样，这对贵安也是一个挑战。

除了地理位置，贵安创新园的主要目标是建立科研平台。贵安政府需要探索可持续的新型城镇化建设模式。通过在当地创新知识，我们可以加入到他们中将研究成果转化为实践，让当地居民自己学习开发出适宜当地的解决方案，这对贵安政府来说是非常重要的。如何应对新型城镇化发展模式对中国而言极具挑战性。如果贵安可以找到正确的方向和解决方案，那么就可以对中国的其他地区有所启发。

我们希望通过贵安创新园，辨识今后要研发的技术课题。通过对低能耗、能效和可再生能源利用的研究，产生新的解决方案。另外，和海绵城市相关的雨洪管理是另一个需要研究的重要课题。海绵城市在气候变化和山洪等自然灾害方面具有良好的适应弹性，改善地表径流，是城镇化非常重要的一部分内容。虽然有很多智慧和数字化的技术支持，但是如何才能创建智能电网和智慧城市？如何让楼宇实现100%的直流电，而非交流电或直流与交流电的转换。此外，我们还关注可再生能源、农业与粮食问题等多方面的研究。贵安拥有大量的土地，可以种植很多高价值的农作物，它们具有很好的作为生物燃料的潜力，可以用来发电，提供热能。在贵安，可以进行很多领域的研究。

ECGB: Which ecological technologies are applied in Gui' an Innovation Park?

JAYA:There' s an important demonstration building which is designed by Professor Song Yehao and his team. They do really passive design, passive principles with local materials. We are possible to reduce our demand for energy, the demand for material, the demand for water. It' s a very low carbon, low energy, low material, comfortable and sustainable building. They do interesting modeling to see the ventilation flow for underground air to keep the building cool, to see whether it' s comfortable. This modeling is really right at the cutting edge, and part of the purpose of it is to get the data. So, when this building is built we can actually see whether the design and models are actually correct and get the data to really evidence how the building performs, compare to the design performance. It helps to validate the design and the models. The data provides a very powerful way of verifying the models, tools, and design approaches that is adopted by the design team. That' s so important because that would then help to further the knowledge and dissemination, pushes the boundaries even further. The occupancy studies and the comfort monitoring is the next phase once the building has been completed. That' s part of the research which we would like to carry out with Tsinghua team on that building and all the buildings on the park. I think for us, is seeing how we can apply both BREEAM and China Three-Star Standard together to really set strict performance targets and requirements.

The most important goal for the innovation park is the research platform. Because it's the research platform that gives the data and information and then you can analyze it and gain new knowledge and understand it better. By creating the right knowledge locally, you can start to come out with new solutions. So you are not telling people solutions, you allow them to learn themselves and they'll come up with the right solutions. That's really an important part for Gui' an government. The park will trial a number of different designs, different technologies, different developments solutions, and the knowledge from this will help Gui' an government to understand which they can apply to their wider district master plan. There is a feed from the innovation park into Gui' an district development also to other projects all around the country.

Tsinghua University, as a national institute, can take the learning to apply to many other projects and development. So they create that knowledge sharing platform for many projects not just for Gui' an. Inevitably China will then come up with the new model for urbanization that supports the leadership team and the new 13th Five-Year Plan has been created when that launch to next year then there will be a need to come up with the right model and solutions. I think this Innovation Park has been set up to support the challenges for Gui' an. Because we need challenge that Gui' an district and Guizhou

province have, then to support the national framework, identify opportunities for both local national and international organizations to collaborate at academic level, industry level and government level. And I think the platform would be a very powerful platform that would come up how to bring the right solutions for China, but also those solutions we taken to project in the UK and internationally. So I think the platform of the park can support services to be promoted to other countries. Chinese companies can promote their products and services internationally.

ECGB：贵安创新园的建设应用了哪些生态技术？对今后的创新园网络研究有什么影响？

JAYA：在贵安创新园，由宋晔皓教授和他的团队设计的清控人居科技示范楼是一个非常重要的建筑。这个建筑是真正的被动式设计。整个设计是如此地激动人心，除了满足绿色建筑三星的标准，他们是真正地在做被动式设计。他们将本土材料与被动房原理相结合，尽可能地减少对能源、材料和水的需求。这是一个非常低碳、低能耗、节省材料、高舒适度的可持续建筑。他们通过建模，观测地热空气流对通风的调节作用，保证建筑物的凉爽，另外，还通过其他一些模型来测试建筑物的舒适度。这些建模系统完全处于世界领先水平。我们希望通过建模获得一些数据，在建筑建成之后与建筑的实测数据进行比较，检测设计模型和建筑真正的运行性能是否相吻合，这将帮助我们进一步改良设计和建模技术。

在这次项目中收集到的实测数据和模型数据极其重要，将会帮助我们进行更深一步的研究和推广，进而拓展进一步的研究。清控人居科技示范楼建成后，将进行使用后评估和舒适度研究，这便是我们一直想在清控人居科技示范楼和园区内其他建筑中想要实现的。我们将在这些项目中，展示如何将中国的绿色建筑三星标准和BREEAM结合，真正满足严格的性能需求。

创新园最重要的目标是建立研究平台，获取数据和信息，帮助我们更加深入地理解相关知识。正确地认知本土文化并在设计中与之结合，可以促使我们发现新的解决方法。所以，我们不是在告诉人们应该怎么做，而是让他们通过学习自己找到正确的解决方法。这对贵安政府来说也很重要。此外，创新园将会尝试大量不同的设计，不同的技术和开发解决方案，创新园网络的建设将会帮助贵安政府在区域规划建设中选择更适宜的技术。国内其他地区的项目也可以从创新园的建设中得到启发。

清华大学作为一个国际一流大学，可以将他们的研究应用于很多的项目并推进其发展。他们依托创新园创建知识共享平台，可以应用于更多的建设项目，而不仅仅是在贵安。中国所面临的新型城镇化，需要探索正确的模式和解决方案，对明年即将开始“十三五”规划和中国政府给予支持。贵安创新园的建设是对贵安模式的有力支持，我们也需要通过这些挑战，进而协助进行国家级的框架建设，实现学术、工业、政府各界本土与国际间的合作交流。

最终，我们希望创新园可以成为一个强有力的平台，为中国带来正确的解决方案，而这些方案也可以应用到英国或者是国际项目中，同时为其他国家提供服务平台，引导中国公司将他们的产品和服务提升到国际水准。

ECGB: How do you think about the impact of Gui' an Innovation Park on local people' s life?

JAYA：It engages the local community. The park is very visible and open platform that invites people from the public to visit and get involved to learn. So it's a very important communication platform and to help the people understand what the green building is, what they' re responsible for, how they need to behave, how they need to change their behavior to maximize the benef ts of the green building. That' s a biggest educational program and not always easy. Just like smoke, people know it' s bad for them but they don' t change their behavior because other emotional things are changing their behavior. So logic and emotion will then help the behavioral understanding.

ECGB：贵安创新园的建设将对当地人们的生活产生什么影响？

JAYA：为了鼓励当地居民的参与，贵安创新园内设计了一个可供公众进行参观的区域，希望当地居民参与学习。和他们的沟通交流非常重要，帮助他们理解什么是绿色建筑，他们的责任以及他们需要如何改变生活行为模式使绿色建筑更好地造福人类。这是一项重大的教育工程，实施起来并不简单。就像大家都知道吸烟有害健康，但是人们很难改变自己的行为。因为，和理性相比，行为更像是感性的产物。因此，只有建筑本身才能够改变人们的行为。我们需要从理性和感性两方面入手，促进人们对自己行为的理解，影响他们的行为。

ECGB：非常感谢您接受我们的采访！

Jaya Skandamoorthy，graduated in Civil Engineering (with Honors) at Imperial College London and joined BRE in 1995 where he worked on numerous building and civil engineering projects such as conducting specialist investigations and carrying out condition assessments of the London Underground tunnel linings. One of his key achievements include developing London Underground's Technical Vision Strategy for new technologies for civil infrastructure systems. He now leads BRE' s growth in China.

杰亚 · 斯甘达穆斯，BRE中国区总裁，毕业于帝国理工学院土木工程专业，并在1995年加入英国建筑研究院。他曾参与多项建筑和土木工程项目，如伦敦地铁隧道衬砌的专家调查和状况评估。他的主要成就之一是为民用基础设施系统新技术制定了伦敦地铁的“技术远景与策略”。