王 京,林 娅,朱心玲,聂 晶,张 磊,姚其正(.遵义医学院药学院,贵州遵义 563003; .中国药科大学药学院,江苏南京 0009)
新型含吡唑的噻唑并[3,2-a]嘧啶类化合物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性*
王京1,林娅1,朱心玲1,聂晶1,张磊1,姚其正2
(1.遵义医学院药学院,贵州遵义563003; 2.中国药科大学药学院,江苏南京210009)
摘要:以3-甲基-1-苯基-2-吡唑啉-5-酮为原料,经Vilsmeier-Haack反应和Biginelli反应制得4-(5-氯-3-甲基-1-苯基-唑-4-基) -5-甲酸乙酯-6-甲基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H) -硫酮(3) ; 3与芳醛经Knoevenagel反应合成了5个新型的含吡唑的噻唑[3,2-a]并嘧啶类化合物(5a~5e),其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,IR和ESI-MS表征。采用MTT法测定了5a~5e的抗肿瘤活性。结果表明: 5a~5e对人前列腺癌PC-3细胞均具有一定的体外抗增殖活性,其中2-【4-{[6-(乙氧羰酯) -5-(5-氯-3-甲基-1-苯基-吡唑-4-基) -3-氧代-7-甲基-噻唑并[3,2-a]嘧啶-2(5H) -亚基]甲基}苯氧基】乙酸(5a)活性最强,其IC50为44.45 μM。
关键词:噻唑并[3,2-a]嘧啶;吡唑;合成;抗肿瘤活性
噻唑并[3,2-a]嘧啶是一类具有多种生物活性的母核结构,如抗病毒[1]、抗肿瘤[2]、抗炎[3]和抗菌[4]等,同时还能抑制Bcl-2家族抗凋亡亚族蛋白[5]及CDC25B磷酸酯酶[6]。吡唑作为一类结构特殊的氮杂环,也具有多种药理活性,如抗肿瘤、抗菌和抗炎等。近年来,上述两类化合物受到了人们广泛的关注和研究。因此,将具有抗肿瘤活性的噻唑并[3,2-a]嘧啶结构和吡唑结构融合到一个新型分子中,对筛选具有抗肿瘤活性的先导化合物具有重要的意义。
为此,本文以3-甲基-1-苯基-2-吡唑啉-5-酮(1)为原料,经Vilsmeier-Haack反应和Biginelli反应制得4-(5-氯-3-甲基-1-苯基-唑-4-基) -5-甲酸乙酯-6-甲基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-2 (1H) -硫酮(3) ; 3与芳醛(4a~4e)经Knoevenagel反应合成了5个新型含吡唑的噻唑[3,2-a]并嘧啶类化合物(5a~5e,Scheme 1),其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,IR和ESI-MS表征。采用MTT法测定了5a~5e对人前列腺癌PC-3细胞的体外抗肿瘤活性。
Scheme 1
1.1仪器与试剂
Mel-TEMP型熔点仪(温度未校正) ; Bruke Avance 300 MHz型和Agilent-NMR-vnmrs 400 MHz型核磁共振仪(DMSO-d6为溶剂,TMS为内标) ; Nicolet Impact 410型红外光谱仪(KBr压片) ; Agilent 1100 LC/DAD/ MSD型质谱仪。
5-氯-3-甲基-1-苯基-4-吡唑甲醛(2)[10]和3[11]参考文献方法合成;薄层层析板和硅胶,青岛海洋化工厂;其余所用试剂均为分析纯。
1.2 5a~5e的合成(以5a为例)
在反应瓶中加入混合溶剂[V(醋酸)∶V(醋酸酐) = 4∶3]7 mL,搅拌下依次加入3 0.78 g(2 mmol),2-(4-甲酰基苯氧基)乙酸(4a) 0.36 g(2 mmol),氯乙酸0.20 g(2.2 mmol)和乙酸钠0.16 g (2 mmol),回流反应6 h(TLC检测)。冷却至室温,倾入冰水混合物中,搅拌析晶;抽滤,滤饼用水(3×5 mL)洗涤,干燥后用甲醇重结晶得黄色固体2-【4-{[6-(乙氧羰酯) -5-(5-氯-3-甲基-1-苯基-吡唑-4-基) -3-氧代-7-甲基-噻唑并[3,2-a]嘧啶-2 (5H) -亚基]甲基}苯氧基】乙酸(5a)。
用类似的方法合成黄色固体5b~5e。
5a:收率79%,m.p.152℃~154℃;1H NMR δ: 1.15(t,J =7.0 Hz,3H,CH3in Et),2.29(s,3H,CH3),2.37(s,3H,CH3),4.06~4.13(m,2H,CH2in Et),4.91(s,2H,a-H),6.08(s,1H,CH),7.10 (d,J = 8.5 Hz,2H,ArH),7.44~7.58(m,7H,ArH),7.79(s,1H,CH =) ;13C NMR δ: 12.74,14.50,22.89,46.93,60.64,65.07,105.58,116.00,117.00,117.19,117.52,125.25,126.22,126.48,126.61,128.85,129.67,132.52,133.21,137.89,148.94,152.12,155.87,159.91,160.18,164.89,165.41,169.24,170.18; IR ν: 3 746,3 604,3 392,3 191,2 979,2 931,1 770,1 714,1 593,1 552,1 502,1 413,1 363,1 322,1 216,1 148,1124,1074,998 cm-1; ESI-MS m/z: 591.3{[M-H]-}。
5b:收率62%,m.p.143℃~146℃;1H NMR δ: 1.15(t,J =7.0 Hz,3H,CH3in Et),2.29(s,3H,CH3),2.37(s,3H,CH3),3.83(s,3H,OCH3),4.06~4.17(m,2H,CH2in Et),4.78(s,2H,a-H),6.08(s,1H,CH),7.01(d,J =8.4 Hz,1H,ArH),7.15~7.20 (m,2H,ArH),7.42~7.54(m,5H,ArH),7.78(s,1H,CH =) ;13C NMR δ: 12.71,14.47,22.89,46.90,56.07,60.63,65.31,105.51,113.69,114.00,117.21,117.53,124.03,125.21,126.57,128.81,129.64,133.63,137.90,148.96,149.48,149.91,152.18,155.84,164.80,165.37,170.13; IR ν: 3 634,3 185,2 979,2 932,2 713,2 330,1 707,1 619,1 593,1 555,1 512,1 422,1 368,1 327,1 396,1 277,1 231,1 158,1121,1057 cm-1; ESIMS m/z: 623.1{[M +H]+}。
5c:收率67%,m.p.198℃~200℃;1H NMR δ: 1.15(t,J =7.0 Hz,3H,CH3in Et),1.36(t,J =6.9 Hz,3H,CH3in Et),2.29(s,3H,CH3),2.37(s,3H,CH3),4.06~4.17(m,4H,CH2in Et),4.91(s,2H,a-H),6.08(s,1H,CH),7.02(t,J =8.5 Hz,1H,ArH),7.13~7.21 (m,2H,ArH),7.41~7.54(m,5H,ArH),7.77 (s,1H,CH =) ;13C NMR δ: 12.73,14.48,15.02,22.79,46.88,52.35,60.66,64.41,65.30,105.49,114.03,114.95,117.23,117.46,123.95,125.24,126.59,126.75,128.85,129.67,133.73,137.85,148.64,148.93,149.77,151.99,156.00,164.77,165.34,169.33,170.22; IR ν: 3 480,2 979,2 914,2 855,2 377,1 761,1 731,1 708,1 661,1 590,1 552,1 502,1 419,1 369,1 307,1 281,1 162,1 142,1 121,1 065,1 001 cm-1; ESI-MS m/z: 635.1{[M-H]-}。
5d:收率70%,m.p.205℃~207℃;1H NMR δ: 1.21(t,J =7.0 Hz,3H,CH3in Et),2.23(s,3H,CH3),2.43(s,3H,CH3),4.12~4.23(m,2H,CH2in Et),4.80(s,2H,a-H),6.15(s,1H,CH),7.10~7.27(m,3H,ArH),7.49~7.60(m,6H,ArH),7.87(s,1H,CH = ) ;13C NMR δ: 12.74,14.50,22.86,46.97,60.70,64.94,105.83,115.90,117.31,117.58,120.48,123.03,125.27,126.65,128.87,129.67,130.98,133.12,134.64,137.85,148.93,151.92,155.59,158.61,164.68,165.37,170.43; IR ν: 3 474,3 415,3 191,2 949,2 525,2 289,1 746,1 708,1 609,1 540,1 499,1 372,1 326,1 303,1 261,1 222,1 161,1 074 cm-1; ESI-MS m/z: 591.0{[M-H]-}。
5e:收率72%,m.p.165℃~167℃;1H NMR δ: 1.15(t,J =7.0 Hz,3H,CH3in Et),2.30(s,3H,CH3),2.37(s,3H,CH3),4.06~4.17(m,2H,CH2in Et),4.98(s,2H,a-H),6.08(s,1H,CH),7.08~7.18(m,2H,ArH),7.44~7.54(m,7H,ArH),8.06(s,1H,CH = ) ;13C NMR δ: 12.74,14.47,22.64,46.96,52.41,60.70,65.32,105.66,113.41,117.27,120.15,122.07,122.29,125.23,126.65,128.11,128.82,129.26,129.64,133.04,137.85,148.95,151.61,156.18,156.87,164.80,165.29,169.23; IR ν: 3 463,3 168,2 985,2 920,2 855,2 330,2 123,1 935,1 742,1 704,1 591,1 548,1 499,1 448,1 360,1 309,1 277,1 227,1 161,1 048 cm-1; ESI-MS m/z: 591.4{[M-H]-}。
1.3体外抗肿瘤活性测试
以5-氟脲嘧啶(5-FU)为阳性对照,采用四氮唑盐还原法(MTT法)测定5a~5e对人前列腺癌PC-3细胞(简称PC-3)的体外抗肿瘤活性。
将处于指数生长期的细胞配成c为3.5×104个·mL-1的细胞悬液,在96孔细胞培养板中每孔加入100 μL细胞悬液(每孔3.5×103个细胞),将细胞培养板置于37℃,5% CO2培养箱中培养24 h。用完全培养基稀释药物至所需浓度,每孔加入100 μL相应的含药培养基,同时设立阴性对照组,阳性对照组,96孔细胞培养板置于37℃,5%CO2培养箱中培养72 h。每孔加入20 μL MTT(5 mg· mL-1),在培养箱继续培养4 h。弃去培养基,每孔加入150 μL DMSO溶解,混匀10 min,于酶标仪读出每孔的OD值(λ=490 nm),计算抑制率,再由统计软件SPSS17.0计算出半数抑制浓度(IC50)值。
2.1抗肿瘤活性
5a~5e的体外抗增殖活性结果见表1。由表1所示,5a~5e对PC-3均具有一定的体外抗肿瘤活性,其中5a的活性最强,其IC50值为44.45 μM,与5-FU(38.47 μM)相当; 5c和5e对PC-3没有显示出抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的作用,其IC50值均大于100 μM。
在倒置相差显微镜下进一步观察不同c(5a)作用于PC-3细胞72 h后其细胞数量及形态的变化,结果见图1。
图1 c(5a)对PC-3细胞形态的影响(作用时间72 h)Figure 1 Effect of c(5a) on morphology of PC-3 cells for 72 h
表1 5a~5e对人前列腺癌PC-3细胞的体外抗增殖活性Table 1 Anticancer activities of 5a~5e against PC-3 cells in vitro
由图1可见,阴性对照组细胞数量较多,其轮廓清晰且活力旺盛;而实验组细胞数量随着c(5a)增大而显著减少,且细胞皱缩、变形和染色质浓缩。
2.2构效关系
初步构效关系研究表明:结构末端的氧代乙酸片段处于苯环对位(5a)时,化合物的抗肿瘤活性较强;处于间位(5d)的次之,处于邻位(5e)没有活性;当氧代乙酸片段处于苯环对位,而相邻位置有取代基时,化合物的活性减低,并且取代基越大,活性越低,如5b和5c。
利用药效团骨架拼合等原理,设计并合成了5个新型含吡唑的噻唑并[3,2-a]嘧啶类化合物(5a~5e)。同时采用MTT法测试了其对人前列腺癌PC-3细胞的细胞毒性。结果表明: 5a~5e均具有一定的抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性,其中5a的抗肿瘤活性最强,与阳性对照5-FU药效相当,具有进一步深入研究的价值。
参考文献
[1]Mohamed S F,Flefel E M,Amr A E G E,et al.Anti-HSV-1 activity and mechanism of action of some new synthesized substituted pyrimidine,thiopyrimidine and thiazolopyrimidine derivatives[J].Eur J Med Chem,2010,45(4) :1494-1501.
[2]Holla B S,Rao B S,Sarojini B K,et al.One pot synthesis of thiazolodihydropyrimidinones and evaluation of their anticancer activity[J].Eur J Med Chem,2004,39 (9) :777-783.
[3]Hu J,Wang Y,Wei X,et al.Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel thiazolidinone derivatives as potential anti-inflammatory agents[J].Eur J Med Chem,2013,64:292-301.
[4]Pan B,Huang R,Zheng L,et al.Thiazolidione derivatives as novel antibiofilm agents: Design,synthesis,biological evaluation,and structure-activity relationships [J].Eur J Med Chem,2011,46(3) :819-824.
[5]Zhou B,Li X,Li Y,et al.Discovery and development of thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidinone derivatives as general inhibitors of Bcl-2 family proteins[J].Chem Med Chem,2011,6(5) :904-921.
[6]Kolb S,Mondésert O,Goddard M L,et al.Development of novel thiazolopyrimidines as CDC25B phosphatase inhibitors[J].Chem Med Chem,2009,4(4) :633-648.
[7]Vujasinovic I,Paravic-Radiĉevic A,Mlinaric-Majerski K,et al.Synthesis and biological validation of novel pyrazole derivatives with anticancer activity guided by 3D-QSAR analysis[J].Bioorg Med Chem,2012,6(20) : 2101-2110.
[8]Xu L L,Zheng C J,Sun L P,et al.Synthesis of novel 1,3-diaryl pyrazole derivatives bearing rhodanine-3-fatty acid moieties as potential antibacterial agents[J].Eur J Med Chem,2012,48:174-178.
[9]Chavan H V,Bandgar B P,Adsul L K,et al.Design,synthesis,characterization and anti-inflammatory evaluation of novel pyrazole amalgamated flavones[J].Bioorg Med Chem Lett,2013,23(5) :1315-1321.
[10]杜海堂,杜海军,欧阳贵平.N-(取代对三氟甲基苯基) -N'-(1,3,5-三取代吡唑-4-羰基)硫脲的合成与生物活性[J].有机化学,2008,28(2) :356-360.
[11]Solanki M J,Shah V H.Synthesis,antibacterial,and antifungal activities of some novel derivatives of thiazolo[2,3-b]dihydropyrimidine possessing 4-pyrazolyl moiety[J].Asian J Chem,2012,24(7) :2972-2974.
·研究论文·
Synthesis and Anticancer Activities of Novel Thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine Derivatives Containing Pyrazole Group
WANG Jing1,LIN Ya1,ZHU Xin-ling1,NIE Jing1,ZHANG Lei1,YAO Qi-zheng2
(1.School of Pharmacy,Zunyi Medical College,Zunyi 563003,China; 2.School of Pharmacy,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing 210009,China)
Abstract:4-(5-Chloro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-4-pyrazolyl) -3,4-dihydronpyrimidin-2 (1H) -(thio) one (3) was prepared by Vilsmeier-Haack and Biginelli reaction using 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one as the raw materials.Five novel thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives containing pyrazole group (5a~5e) were synthesized by Knoevenagel reactions of 3 with arylaldehyde.The structures were characterized by1H NMR,13C NMR,IR and ESI-MS.The preliminary in vitro anticancer activities of 5a~5e against human prostate cancer PC-3 cells were tested by MTT assay.The results showed that 5a~5e exhibited certain anticancer activities and 2-【4-{[6-(ethoxycarbonyl) -5-(5-chloro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-4-pyrazolyl) -3-oxo-7-methyl-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-2 (5H)-ylidene]methyl} phenoxy】acetic acid(5a) exhibited the strongest anticancer activities with IC50of 44.45 μM.
Keywords:thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine; pyrazole; synthesis; anticancer activity
作者简介:王京(1988-),女,汉族,贵州遵义人,硕士,主要从事抗肿瘤新药分子的设计与合成研究。E-mail: wangjing@ zmc.edu.cn
基金项目:贵州省科技厅项目{黔科合LH字[2014]7565号,黔科合LH字[2014]7557号,黔科合人才团队[2014]4002号} ;贵州省教育厅项目{黔科合人才团队字[2012]03号} ;遵义医学院博士科研启动基金资助项目(F-631)
*收稿日期:2014-08-27;
修订日期:2015-03-13
中图分类号:O626.2; O621.3
文献标识码:A
DOI:10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2015.07.0580
通信联系人:张磊,博士,Tel.0851-28609461,E-mail: lei_chang@ yeah.net