∷钟凡凡 改写
(改写自“Gravestones of Famous Authors”一文)
每一座墓碑都刻画了一个鲜明的个性,或记录了一段关于人的历史。中国自汉朝后,几乎事事可碑,有山川之碑,宫室之碑,家庙之碑,风土之碑,功德之碑……并且形成了具有民族特色的碑文文化。西方亦有自己独特的碑文文化——无论是名人,还是普通人,墓碑上常常能看到时而严肃、时而搞笑、时而嘲讽、时而自我吹捧的刻字。对他们来说,碑文是the last chance that the dead have to speak to the world, and an entire life, summed up in a few sentences. 那些被刻在灰色墓碑上的文字恰恰是一个个鲜活灵魂在世上最后的呐喊。下面我选择了十位知名作家墓碑上的碑文,以缅怀一个个鲜明的性格,一窥不同跌宕人生的冷暖。
Heare lyes
(expecting the Second comminge of our Saviour Christ Jesus)
the body of Edmond Spencer the Prince of Poets
in his tyme whose Divine Spirrit needs noe othir witnesse
then the works which He left behinde him.
长眠于此的是
(正等着救世主耶稣第二次降临的)
桂冠诗人埃德蒙·斯宾塞的遗体。
在他的时代,圣灵无需其他证词
除了他留予世间的遗作。
不愧为《仙后》作者的送别辞,恢宏却不显摆。
威廉·莎士比亚之墓
GOOD FREND FOR JESUS SAKE FORBEARE TO
DIGG THE DUST ENCLOASED HEARE.
BLEST BE YE MAN YT SPARES THES STONES AND
CURST BE HE YT MOVES MY BONES
看在耶稣的份上,我的朋友,
切勿挖这黄土覆盖的灵柩
墓碑上所刻的碑文,是死亡之书的书签,亦是生命之书的总结;是逝者之遗言,生者之思念。一滴水,一世界,一段字,一生情……
让我安息者将得上帝祝福,
迁我尸骨者将受亡灵诅咒。
我一点儿也不迷信,但我还是要劝诫想挖他尸骨做研究的科学家,务必三思而后行。
This Grave contains all that was mortal, of a Young English Poet, who on his Death Bed, in the Bitterness of his heart, at the Malicious Power of his enemies, desired these words to be Engraven on his Tomb Stone: Here lies One Whose Name was writ in Water.
在济慈短暂的一生中,他获得过不温不火的成功,也遭受过狂轰滥炸般的批评。由此,他的碑文“此处长眠者,声名水上书”,反映了他对自己无法在历史上留名的无力感。其余的文字都是他的朋友添加上去的。
Called Back
狄金森的碑文出自她临终前的信:“小表妹们,我受唤归来了。埃米莉。”就像她的诗句,简洁而美丽。
Under the wide and starry sky
Dig the grave and let me lie.
Glad did I live and gladly die,
And I laid me down with a will.
This be the verse you grave for me:
Here he lies where he longed to be;
Home is the sailor, home from the sea
And the hunter from the hill.
出自他的诗《挽歌》,作为碑文再合适不过了。
ALIEN TEARS WILL FILL FOR HIM
PITY’S LONG-BROKEN ERN,
FOR HIS MOURNERS WILL BE OUTCAST MEN,
AND OUTCASTS ALWAYS MOURN.
碑文出自王尔德自己的诗作《瑞丁监狱之歌》。正如诗行中所预示的那样,每年都有许多王尔德迷到他的墓碑前祭拜,抹上口红在碑上留下深情一吻。虽然这是对历史文物的破坏,却着实是浪漫之举。
Beneath this tree are buried the ashes of Virginia Woolf. Born January 25 1882, Died March 28 1941.Death is the enemy. Against you I will fling myself,unvanquished and unyielding,O Death!1. fling: 冲向,扑向;unvanquished: 未被击败的;unyielding:不屈的,坚定的。The waves broke on the shore.
奥斯卡·王尔德之墓
“死亡,即使我置身你的怀抱,我也不会屈服,不受宰制。”如此义无反顾的碑文只属弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫。
Even amidst fierce flames the golden lotus can be planted
普拉斯的丈夫,英国桂冠诗人泰德·休斯为妻选了这句碑文。尽管他一直对外宣称,“火里也能种金莲”这句话出自于印度吠陀经书,但后人考证,其实是出自中国四大古典小说之一的《西游记》英译本(企鹅版)。虽然讨厌休斯的人怨声载道,但是我仍能看出他选的这句话之美:虽然普拉斯常有对抗命运的无力感,但她一直是一位无比坚强的女性。下面是《西游记》英译本的选段:
“To spare and tend the vital powers, this and nothing else is sum and total of all magic, secret and profane.2. spare: 宽容地对待;profane: 平凡的,鄙俗的。All is comprised in these three, spirit, breath and soul; guard them closely, screen them well; let there be no leak. Store them within the frame; that is all that can be learnt, and all that can be taught. I would have you mark the tortoise and snake, locked in tight embrace.Locked in tight embrace, the vital powers are strong;even in the midst of fierce flames the Golden Lotus may be planted, the five elements compounded and transposed, and put to new use. When that is done, be which you please, Buddha or Immortal” —Monkey3. 《西游记》原文为:显密圆通真妙诀,惜修性命无他说。都来总是精气神,谨固牢藏休漏泄。休漏泄,体中藏,汝受吾传道自昌。口诀记来多有益,屏除邪欲得清凉。得清凉,光皎洁,好向丹台赏明月。月藏玉兔日藏乌,自有龟蛇相盘结。相盘结,性命坚,却能火里种金莲。攒簇五行颠倒用,功完随作佛和仙。
Here lie the ashes of Dorothy Parker (1893-1967)Humorist, writer, critic, defender of human and civil rights. For her epitaph she suggested “Excuse My Dust”.This memorial garden is dedicated to her noble spirit which celebrated the oneness of humankind, and to the bonds of everlasting friendship between black and Jewish people.
令多萝西·帕克闻名于世的有两样东西:她的机智幽默,以及她的嗜酒如命。然而,她以笔为戈献身民权运动的成就是不可否认的。临终前,她把所有家产都赠予了马丁·路德·金,虽然他们从未有过一面之缘。“Excuse My Dust”再符合帕克的风格不过了。
I had a lover’s quarrel with the world.
这一碑文带有些许忧伤,但却是弗罗斯特生活的真实写照:诗人深爱着这个世界,却不得不做出妥协。