定语从句的省略

2014-11-25 07:08秦克琼
中学教学参考·文综版 2014年11期
关键词:朝南原句后置

秦克琼

我从十几年的高三教学中总结出了关于定语从句省略的用法,在应对试题、理解句子中都非常有效和管用。现在我就将自己的方法分享给各位教师和学生,希望能对诸位的教学或学习有所帮助。

定语从句的省略,前提条件是引导词必须在定语从句中作主语。省略方法有以下两种。

1.如果定语从句的谓语动词是系动词be的某种形式时,直接将引导词和系动词be省略

例如原句:The man who/that is in a car(定语从句) is my father.

车里的那个人是我父亲。

省略后为:The man in a car(定语从句已省略,此时介词短语作后置定语) is my father.

例如原句:This is a house which is surrounded with green trees.(定语从句)

这是一间绿树环绕的房子。

省略后为:This is a house surrounded with green trees. (定语从句已省略)

2.如果定语从句的谓语动词不是系动词be时,先将引导词省略,然后将基本谓语动词变成现在分词或过去分词,若表主动变成现在分词,表被动变成过去分词

例如原句:The house which faces to the south(定语从句) is Toms.

面朝南的房子是汤姆的。

省略后为:The house facing to the south(定语从句已省略) is Toms.(注:房子面朝南是主动,所以face变为现在分词了)

例如原句:At that time those who ruled England(定语从句) were French.

当时统治英国的那些人是法国人。

省略后为:At that time those ruling England(定语从句已省略) were French.(注:人统治英国为主动,所以ruled变为ruling)

例如原句:I went into the room which was crowded with children.(定语从句)

我走进了挤满小孩的房间。

省略后为:I went into the room crowded with children.(定语从句已省略) (注:房间里被挤满了小孩,所以基本谓语动词crowded仍变为crowded.此方法也等同于省略方法1)。

以上用法同样适用于作后置定语并且表被动的三种情况: done(已经被……)/being done(正在被……)/to be done(要被……)。

例如原句:(1)The trees which have been cut down by the villagers(定语从句) have been carried to Shanghai.

村民砍下来的树木已经被运往了上海。

省略后为:The trees cut down by the villagers(定语从句已省略) have been carried to Shanghai.

例如原句:The bridge which is being built now(定语从句) will be completed next month.

正在修建的桥下个月将要完工。

省略后为:The bridge being built now(定语从句已省略) will be completed next month.

例如原句:The sports meeting which is to be held next Friday(定语从句) has been put off.

下周星期五要举行的运动会已经被推迟了。

省略后为:The sports meeting to be held next Friday(定语从句已省略) has been put off.

(责任编辑 黄 晓)endprint

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