王露+孙怡+李惠+王剑蓉
[摘要] 目的 探讨乳腺癌石蜡肿瘤组织和相应血液细胞中乳腺癌易感基因1(BRCA1)与切除修复交叉互补基因1(ERCC1)及胸苷酸合成酶(TS)基因表达的相关性,同时探讨BRCA1、ERCC1、TS在乳腺癌肿瘤组织与对应患者血液细胞中表达的关系。 方法 收集53例乳腺癌肿瘤石蜡标本及其对应的血液样本,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测肿瘤石蜡组织和对应血液样本中BRCA1、ERCC1 、TS mRNA的表达水平;利用Pearson相关性分析方法分析肿瘤石蜡组织和相应血液细胞BRCA1、ERCC1、TS mRNA表达的相关性以及肿瘤石蜡组织细胞BRCA1、ERCC1、TS mRNA之间表达的相关性。 结果 乳腺癌石蜡组织中BRCA1 mRNA 表达的ΔCT为(7.516±2.257),对应的血液组织中为(10.374±2.519)。乳腺癌石蜡组织中ERCC1和TS mRNA表达的ΔCT分别为(6.114±2.944)、(5.950±2.604),对应的血液组织分别为(8.801±2.581)、(10.078±1.731)。Pearson相关性分析显示,BRCA1、ERCC1在肿瘤石蜡组织与血液组织中的表达均呈正相关(r=0.607、0.537,P<0.05)。肿瘤石蜡组织与血液组织中的TS表达无相关性(r=0.074,P>0.05)。BRCA1与ERCC1在肿瘤石蜡组织中的表达无相关性(r=0.250,P>0.05)。BRCA1与TS在肿瘤石蜡组织中的表达无相关性(r=0.256,P>0.05)。ERCC1与TS在肿瘤石蜡组织中的表达无相关性(r=0.169,P>0.05)。 结论 乳腺癌患者的血液标本也许可以替代其肿瘤石蜡组织检测BRCA1和ERCC1 mRNA的表达;BRCA1与ERCC1、TS的表达无相关性。
[关键词] 乳腺癌;乳腺癌易感基因1;切除修复交叉互补基因1;胸苷酸合成酶基因
[中图分类号] R737.9 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2014)09(c)-0007-05
The research on the correlation of BRCA1,ERCC1,TS mRNA expression in the paraffin tumor tissue and corresponding blood cells for breast cancer
WANG Lu SUN Yi LI Hui WANG Jian-rong▲
Department of Pathology,TCM Hospital of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210000,China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the correlation between the expression of breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1),excision repair cross-complementing gene 1(ERCC1) and thymidylate synthetase (TS) gene in paraffin tumor tissue and corresponding blood cells for breast cancer. Methods Tumor paraffin specimens and their corresponding blood samples in 53 cases were collected,the expression level of BRCA1,ERCC1,TSmRNA of tumor paraffin samples and corresponding blood samples were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology,Pearson correlation analysis method was used to analyze the correlation of BRCA1,ERCC1,TS mRNA expression of tumor paraffin tissue and the corresponding blood cells and the correlation of the expression between BRCA1,ERCC1,TS mRNA in the tumor paraffin tissue cells. Results In the breast cancer paraffin tissues,the ΔCT of BRCA1 mRNA expression was (7.516±2.257),while in the corresponding blood tissue,the ΔCT was (10.374±2.519).In the breast cancer paraffin tissue,the ΔCT of ERCC1 and TS mRNA expression was (6.114±2.944),(5.950±2.604) respectively,while in the corresponding blood tissue,the ΔCT was (8.801±2.581),(10.078±1.731) respectively.Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was positive correlation between the expression of BRCA1,ERCC1 in tumor paraffin tissue and blood tissue (r=0.607,0.537,P<0.05).There was no correlation between the expression of TS in tumor paraffin tissue and blood tissue (r=0.074,P>0.05).There was no correlation between BRCA1 and ERCC1,BRCA1 and TS,ERCC1 and TS mRNA expression in tumor tissue (r=0.250,r=0.256,r=0.169,P>0.05). Conclusion Blood samples of patients with breast cancer may be able to replace tumor paraffin tissue to detect the BRCA1 and ERCC1 mRNA expression.There was no correlation between the expression of BRCA1 and ERCC1,TS in breast tumor tissue.
[Key words] Breast cancer;Breast cancer gene 1;Excision repair cross-complementing gene 1; Thymidylate synthetase gene
乳腺癌是女性常见肿瘤之一,占女性全身恶性肿瘤的7%~10%,有年轻化趋势[1]。临床上以根治性切除为乳腺癌的主要治疗方法,术后常需辅助化疗。2010 年NCCN “乳腺癌临床实践指南”提出对于Ⅱ、Ⅲ期乳腺癌患者可给予术前新辅助化疗[2]。2010年NCCN提示,紫杉醇类是乳腺癌化疗中的主要化疗药物之一,紫杉醇类联合卡铂、氟尿嘧啶或卡培他滨等化疗药物积极应用于乳腺癌的化疗[2]。乳腺癌易感基因1(BRCA1)是一种多功能抑制蛋白,是第一个被发现的乳腺癌抑癌基因。1994 年作为乳腺癌和卵巢癌的易感基因而被提出来[3-4]。BRCA1 在调节细胞对紫杉类药物的敏感性方面起着非常重要的作用[5-8]。BRCA1 低表达的细胞株对紫杉醇类药物表现为耐药;高表达示紫杉醇类化疗药物有积极疗效[9-11]。切除修复交叉互补基因1(ERCC1)是细胞内DNA 损伤、核苷酸剪切修复系统(NER)通路中的关键基因,对癌细胞疗效和机体细胞损伤修复的差异性有重要意义。临床研究证实,ERCC1 基因与铂类化疗疗效相关[12-13],低表达者铂类药物化疗的疗效好、毒副反应小及生存期长[14]。胸苷酸合成酶(TS)基因是合成胸苷酸的限速酶,是一种叶酸依赖性酶,催化2′-脱氧尿苷-5′-磷酸(dUMP)转化为2′-脱氧核苷-5′-磷酸(dTMP),同时也是氟尿嘧啶的靶酶[15]。NCCN诊疗规范提示,TS-mRNA低水平表达应用氟尿嘧啶、卡培他滨、培美曲赛等药物化疗有积极疗效[16-17]。化疗相关分子检测有助于乳腺癌患者的个体化治疗,有助于提高化疗疗效和降低毒副反应。BRCA1、ERCC1、TS基因表达的检测有助于紫杉醇类、铂类、氟尿嘧啶等化疗药物的合理使用,以提高乳腺癌患者的化疗疗效,减少药物毒副作用。
本研究收集了52例乳腺癌患者的肿瘤石蜡组织和相对应的血液细胞,应用SYBR Green 荧光实时定量PCR(RT-qPCR)技术,定量分析BRCA1、ERCC1、TS mRNA在肿瘤石蜡组织及其对应血液组织的表达水平,分析BRCA1分别与ERCC1、TS表达的相关性,探讨乳腺癌化疗药物紫杉醇联合卡铂、氟尿嘧啶等化疗药物的相关基因BRCA1、ERCC1、TS mRNA表达的关系以及是否能用血液组织代替肿瘤组织进行相关基因检测。
1 材料与方法
1.1 实验材料
收集2008年3月~2013年10月南京中医药大学附属江苏省中医院病理科及外院送检的53例乳腺癌肿瘤石蜡标本及对应患者的血液标本。年龄29~75岁,平均49.788岁。所有肿瘤石蜡标本均经常规病理HE染色后由病理科医师确诊。
1.2 仪器及试剂
石蜡组织RNA提取试剂盒(RNase-free FFPE kit) 购自德国Qiagen 公司,血液标本RNA 提取试剂盒(blood RNA kit)购自美国Omega公司,核酸蛋白测定仪购自美国Eppendorf Bio公司,逆转录反应试剂盒购自美国Promega公司,SYBR Green购自美国Lifetech 公司,7900 定量PCR仪购自美国ABI 公司;BRCA1、ERCC1、TS 和β-actin mRNA表达相关引物由上海生工生物工程技术服务有限公司合成。
1.3 方法
1.3.1 总RNA提取 肿瘤石蜡组织:根据病理医师镜下HE染色切片诊断,选择最佳肿瘤石蜡蜡块,切取10 μm厚石蜡白片10 张,经二甲苯脱蜡,乙醇漂洗。对照HE 染色切片刮取肿瘤组织,富集肿瘤细胞,按照石蜡RNA 提取试剂盒标准流程提取肿瘤RNA;收集新鲜血液,按照血液RNA 提取试剂盒标准流程提取血液RNA。利用核酸蛋白测定仪测定RNA产物的浓度和纯度。
1.3.2 RT-Q PCR反应 采用SYBR Green 荧光定量PCR方法。RT 反应体系:RNA 1 μg,补齐水至7 μl, 42℃ 2 min,然后加入0. 5 μl引物,0. 5 μl RT 酶,2 μl 缓冲液,42℃ 30 min,95℃ 5 min。反应结束后加20 μl ddH2O 稀释。qPCR反应体系:MasterMix、模板cDNA、BRCA1、ERCC1、TS、β-actin 上下游引物(10 pmol/μl)和H2O 共5 μl 体系。扩增条件:95℃ 10 min,95℃ 15 s,60℃ 1 min,40个循环。熔解曲线的温度设定:95℃ 15 s,60℃ 15 s,95℃ 15 s。分析RT-qPCR 数据,设定基线,以空白管不出现阳性为准,每个目的基因做3个复孔,设定Ct值阈值纳入范围为15~35个循环,得出目的基因BRCA1、ERCC1、TS 的CT值(3个复孔的平均值)。以管家基因β-actin 基因为内参,得出ΔCT=CT目的基因-CTβ-actin。
1.4 统计学处理
数据采用SPSS 13.0 软件进行处理,计量资料用x±s表示,采用独立样本t检验或配对t检验,相关分析采用Pearson相关分析法,以P<0.05 为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 BRCA1、ERCC1、TS mRNA 在乳腺癌组织和对应血液中的表达
乳腺癌肿瘤石蜡组织BRCA1 mRNA 表达的ΔCT为(7.516±2.257),对应血液样本BRCA1 mRNA 表达为(10.374±2.519);肿瘤石蜡组织ERCC1 mRNA 表达的ΔCT为(6.114±2.944),对应血液样本ERCC1 mRNA 表达为(8.801±2.581);肿瘤石蜡组织TS mRNA 表达的ΔCT为(5.950±2.604),对应血液样本TS mRNA 表达为(10.078±1.731)。样本间表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表1)。
表1 BRCA1、ERCC1、TS mRNA 在乳腺癌组织
和对应血液中的表达(x±s)
与血液组织ΔCT值比较,*P<0.05
2.2 乳腺癌石蜡组织细胞和相应血液细胞BRCA1、ERCC1、TS mRNA表达的相关性分析
Pearson 相关性分析显示,BRCA1肿瘤石蜡组织与血液组织的表达正相关(r=0.607,P<0.05)。ERCC1肿瘤石蜡组织与血液组织的表达正相关(r=0.537,P<0.05)。TS肿瘤石蜡组织与血液组织的表达无相关性(r=0.074,P>0.05)。BRCA1与ERCC1在肿瘤石蜡组织中的表达无相关性(r=0.250,P>0.05)。BRCA1与TS在肿瘤石蜡组织中的表达无相关性(r=0.256,P>0.05)。ERCC1与TS在肿瘤石蜡组织中的表达无相关性(r=0.169,P>0.05)(图1)。
3 讨论
乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。全世界每年约有120万妇女患乳腺癌,50万死于乳腺癌。在西欧、北美等发达国家,乳腺癌发病率占女性恶性肿瘤的首位。值得关注的是,中国是乳腺癌发病率增长速度最快的国家之一,中国抗癌协会公布的统计数字显示,我国乳腺癌的发病率每年正在迅速递增,成为城市死亡率增长最快的恶性肿瘤,发病年龄也呈逐渐年轻化的趋势。临床治疗上以根治性切除为主,术后常需辅助化疗。2010 年NCCN 指南提出对于Ⅱ、Ⅲ期乳腺癌患者可给予术前新辅助化疗[2]。化疗效果与肿瘤对化疗药物的耐药和副作用相关。个体化化疗有利于提高化疗疗效和避免药物的毒副反应,从而提高患者的生存质量,延缓生存期。化疗相关基因检测有助于个体化化疗方案的制订。
BRCA1 表达缺失容易发生细胞凋亡,同时对DNA 损伤剂如顺铂等药物敏感[18]。BRCA1 低表达的细胞株对紫杉醇类药物表现为耐药[9-11];高表达示紫杉醇类化疗药物有积极疗效。ERCC1与铂类化疗疗效相关[12-13],低表达者铂类药物化疗的疗效好、毒副反应小及生存期长[14]。TS基因mRNA低水平表达,NCCN诊疗规范提示应用氟尿嘧啶、卡培他滨、培美曲赛等药物化疗有积极疗效[16-17]。
由于紫杉醇类是乳腺癌化疗方案中最多见的化疗药物,故我们以紫杉醇类药物相关基因BRCA1mRNA表达为基础,分析了其在肿瘤组织和血液细胞中表达的相关性以及其与年龄、ERCC1、TS mRNA表达的相关性。
结果表明,BRCA1肿瘤石蜡组织与血液组织的表达正相关;ERCC1肿瘤石蜡组织与血液组织的表达也呈正相关。有学者发现,血液胚系细胞ERCC1 基因多态性的表型同铂类疗效和患者的生存时间相关[19]。本研究的结果在一定程度上也佐证了该学者的结果,因为ERCC1肿瘤石蜡组织与血液组织的表达呈正相关,这一结果在一定程度上提示乳腺癌患者的血液标本也许可以替代其肿瘤石蜡组织检测BRCA1和ERCC1 mRNA的表达,这将大大提高个体化分子检测的方便性,对于术前未进行手术切除的患者的新辅助化疗也有积极的指导意义。另外,TS肿瘤石蜡组织与血液组织的表达无相关性,说明不能用乳腺癌患者的血液标本替代其肿瘤石蜡组织检测TS的表达。当然,还需要进一步增加样本数来验证这一结果。
另外,结果还显示,BRCA1与ERCC1、TS在肿瘤石蜡组织中的表达无相关性。BRCA1的表达与紫杉醇类药物的化疗疗效相关,而ERCC1的表达与铂类用药相关,低表达者铂类药物化疗的疗效好、毒副反应小及生存期长;TS与氟尿嘧啶、卡培他滨、培美曲赛等药物化疗有关,故在乳腺癌化疗方案选择时,可以分别检测BRCA1、ERCC1、TS的表达,有助于紫杉醇类与铂类或者氟尿嘧啶、卡培他滨、培美曲赛等药物联合使用时的个体化选择用药,以提高化疗疗效和减少毒副反应。
综上所述,乳腺癌患者的血液标本也许可以替代其肿瘤石蜡组织检测BRCA1和ERCC1的表达。乳腺癌患者的BRCA1与ERCC1、TS的表达无相关性。
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(收稿日期:2014-07-06 本文编辑:许俊琴)
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[10] Tassone P,Tagliaferri P,Perricelli A,et al.BRCA1 expression modulates chemosensitivity of BRCA1-defective HCC 1937 human breast cancer cells[J].Br J Cancer,2003,88(8):1285-1291.
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(收稿日期:2014-07-06 本文编辑:许俊琴)