封面文章

封面文章

化学

数据库检索号：0567-7351-201403000289

石墨烯是由sp2杂化碳原子组成的具有蜂窝状结构的二维原子晶体．石墨烯的共价化学修饰是石墨烯研究领域的一个新的热点，也是石墨烯材料的表面改性和能带调控、以及合成新型二维石墨烯衍生物的重要途径．完整的二维蜂窝结构和离域大π键使得石墨烯的化学性质非常稳定，难以通过常规的化学反应获得高效的表面修饰，这是石墨烯共价化学的主要挑战．近年来，我们发展了一系列基于光化学原理的石墨烯共价修饰方法，利用光化学过程产生的活性自由基实现了石墨烯的高效共价加成和氧化反应，为石墨烯的光化学能带工程奠定了理论和实验基础．本文将以这些研究成果为主线，系统地阐述石墨烯的光化学修饰方法及其二维反应特性，并对该领域的未来发展趋势和所面临的挑战进行简要的展望．

石墨烯；光化学；自由基；光氯化；光催化；非对称修饰

数据库检索号：0253-3820-201403000355

引用格式：激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱法原位分析印度芥菜中Cd、P、S、Cu等7种元素．分析化学,2014,42(3):355-359

封面介绍：On page355,YANG etal developed an in vivo analysismethod for imaging of tracemetal distribution in the stem of Indian mustard by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS).The results indicated that LA-ICP-MS is useful for the study of spatial elemental distribution and has great potential for applications in other areas of plant pathology research.

激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱法原位分析印度芥菜中Cd、P、S、Cu等7种元素

杨红霞，赵令浩，高津旭，刘崴，李冰

摘要：建立了茎中7种元素Cd，P，S，K，Ca，Cu和Zn的LA-ICP-MS原位分析及二维成像方法，并研究了其在镉富集型印度芥菜茎中的分布特征．印度芥菜经50μmol/L Cd处理14 d后，利用包埋剂包埋，冷冻切片后，用Nd：YAG laser(213 nm)器扫描，激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定各元素强度，同时选择13C作为内标元素，对各元素强度进行标准化处理．结果表明，在富集型印度芥菜茎部，Cd大量积聚于由韧皮部与木质部组成的维管组织中，除此以外，茎的韧皮部细胞中及表皮层也分布着大量的Cd．7种元素的分布相关性表明，Cd与Ca具有相似的分布规律，而K和Ca，P和S的分布呈显著正相关．说明重金属元素进入植株体内并被其吸收运输过程是伴随着植物对其它元素的吸收，且具有相似的运输机制．本研究建立的元素原位分析方法证明LA-ICP-MS在植物样品中元素空间分布的研究方面具有很大的潜力．

关键词：激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱法；印度芥菜；原位分析；镉；磷

数据库检索号：1000-6818-201403000535

引用格式：纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛催化甲醇制丙烯．物理化学学报,2014,30(3):535-543

封面介绍：The cover image presentsmethanol to propylene(MTP)over nanosheets of HZSM-5 zeolite w ith w ide(010)surface.On page 535,ZHANG et al.demonstrate that the nanosheets of HZSM-5 zeolite show higher propylene selectivity,total three olefins’selectivity(ethylene,propylene, and C4alkenes),and longer catalytic lifetime than the nanosized HZSM-5 zeolite.The good MTP catalytic performance of the nanosheets of HZSM-5 zeolite can be attributed to their w ide(010) surface,high externalsurface area,and largemesopore volume.

纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛催化甲醇制丙烯

张少龙，张兰兰，王务刚，闵媛媛，马通，宋宇，巩雁军，窦涛

摘要：在合成系列硅铝比纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛的基础上，研究了纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛催化甲醇制丙烯(MTP)的反应性能．在固定床微反装置上详细考察了工艺条件对纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛催化性能的影响，同时与纳米HZSM-5分子筛对MTP反应的催化性能进行了比较．结果表明，纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛具有较高的目的产物选择性和较长的催化寿命．在适宜硅铝比(n(SiO2)/n(A l2O3)=213)和反应条件下(温度470℃，甲醇质量空速为3 h-1)，丙烯的选择性达到46.7%，三烯(乙烯、丙烯和C4烯烃)选择性达到78.7%．其中，丙烯/乙烯的质量比可达到6.5，是纳米HZSM-5分子筛的2倍，而芳烃的选择性比纳米分子筛明显降低．这是因为纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛比纳米HZSM-5分子筛具有较宽的(010)晶面、较大的外比表面积和介孔孔容．

关键词：纳米薄层；HZSM-5分子筛；甲醇；丙烯

数据库检索号：0253-9837-201403000286

引用格式：Ni-Mo氮化物催化剂：合成及其丙烷氨氧化催化性能．催化学报,2014,35(3):286-293

封面介绍：范晓强等发现镍钼氧化物前驱体的制备方法影响其氮化物催化剂的物理化学性质，进而影响其丙烷氨氧化性能，氮化物中的活性氮物种对丙烷氨氧化反应中丙烯腈的选择性起重要作用．见本期第286-293页．

Ni-Mo氮化物催化剂：合成及其丙烷氨氧化催化性能

范晓强，张惠民，李建梅，赵震，徐春明，刘坚，段爱军，姜桂元，韦岳长

摘要：分别采用溶胶-凝胶法、旋转蒸发微波干燥法、共沉淀法、浸渍法和机械混合法制备Ni-Mo氧化物前驱体．以H2和N2的混合气为氮化气体，采用程序升温氮化法合成了镍钼氮化物催化剂．利用X射线衍射、总氮含量分析、X射线光电子能谱及H2程序升温还原对Ni-Mo氧化物前体及氮化物催化剂进行了表征．将上述Ni-Mo氮化物催化剂用于丙烷氨氧化反应中．结果表明，Ni-Mo氧化物前驱体的制备方法影响其氮化物催化剂上丙烷氨氧化反应性能．Ni-Mo氮化物催化剂中氮物种的移动性及反应性对产物丙烯腈选择性的影响较大，共沉淀法制备的催化剂存在大量的活性氮物种，因而具有良好的催化丙烷氨氧化反应活性．

关键词：镍钼氮化物；丙烷氨氧化；丙烯腈；制备方法；氮物种

地质学

数据库检索号：0023-074X-201408000679

引用格式：周口店第1地点用火的磁化率和色度证据．科学通报,2014,59(8):679-686

封面介绍：古人类的控制用火问题是人类演化研究中的重要课题．周口店北京猿人遗址在早期人类用火研究方面有着极其重要的地位，在二十世纪二三十年代遗址发掘过程中，就陆续发现了烧骨、灰烬等一系列用火遗迹，成为当时最早的人类控制用火证据．然而近年来一些学者对这些证据提出了质疑，认为它们的来源具有不确定性，不能作为人类用火的证据，在学界引起了广泛争议．对北京猿人遗址最新一次发掘过程中新发现的疑似人类用火堆积进行详细的岩石磁学和色度分析发现，这些沉积物具有非常高的磁化率和红度值，很可能经历过700℃以上的高温加热．这些结果很可能指示着北京猿人长期、反复用火的过程，而不是自然火或者自然界地质过程的产物．详见张岩等人文(p679)．

周口店第1地点用火的磁化率和色度证据

张岩，郭正堂，邓成龙，张双权，吴海斌，张春霞，葛俊逸，赵得爱，李琴，宋扬，朱日祥

摘要：针对周口店北京猿人遗址是否存在原地用火证据的争议，对遗址第1地点第4堆积层(据贾兰坡1959划分方案)中新发现的疑似用火遗迹进行系统野外采样以及磁化率和色度测量．结果显示，部分疑似用火区沉积物的磁化率、红度均显著异常，磁化率值较周围沉积物高出22倍，红度高出近3倍．高磁化率值和高红度值分别由高温作用过程中新生成的细粒磁铁矿和赤铁矿颗粒引起．漫反射光谱分析表明，疑似用火区沉积物的赤铁矿-针铁矿组成与平面其他部位及第2，3地点自然样品显著不同．磁化率随温度变化特征进一步揭示出疑似用火区沉积物很可能经历了700℃以上的加热，而自然火一般无法达到如此高的温度．这些磁性、色度异常的沉积物很可能受到人类控制用火的作用，但其为原地用火区堆积还是曾经历再搬运，还需要进一步研究．

关键词：周口店；控制用火；磁化率；色度；岩石磁学

古生物学

数据库检索号：0023-074X-201409000796

引用格式：早期海绵的四辐射对称性．科学通报,2014,59(9):796-802

封面介绍：目前学术界对最古老后生动物门类的分支序列及系统演化仍未达成共识，但大多数学者都认为海绵动物是最早分支的后生动物．海绵有看似原始的细胞结构特征和简单的骨架建构，前人从分子系统演化研究也证实了它们的原始性．现生海绵部分属种有似辐射对称、少部分有顺轴旋系对称，因此，前人的研究均认为海绵是没有轴性对称的．中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所早期生命研究组从全球已知最古老的海绵动物群中识别出四辐射对称性，并且从已报道的柱状海绵化石中鉴别出前人所忽略的四辐射对称结构，指出四辐射对称是海绵的原始特征，由此推测最早的海绵始祖应该是由基因控制、外形规整、细胞结构交织而成的海绵体．封面展示了具有四辐射对称性的化石海绵复原图．详见BOTTING Joseph P.等人文(p796).

早期海绵的四辐射对称性

BOTTING Joseph P.，袁训来，林日白

摘要：目前学术界对最古老后生动物门类的分支序列及系统演化仍没有共识，但大多数学者都深信海绵动物是最早分支的后生动物．现生海绵部分属种有似辐射对称、少部分有顺轴旋系对称，因此，海绵被认为是在真后生动物发育特征，如有明确的轴性对称出现之前演化的动物．其他早期后生动物门类有两侧对称、四辐射对称(刺胞动物门)、二辐射对称(栉水母门)或是没有对称轴性(扁盘动物门)．本研究报道了来自华南寒武系荷塘组具有四辐对称结构的海绵化石，并且从已报道的柱状海绵化石中鉴别出前人所忽略的四辐射对称结构．本研究指出四辐射对称是海绵的原始特征，并且推测最早的海绵始祖应该是由基因控制、外形规整、细胞结构交织而成的个体．

关键词：多孔动物门；安徽；荷塘生物群；骨架建构骨针

植物学

数据库检索号：1672-9072-201402000181

引用格式：Farinose flavonoidsare associated w ith high freezing tolerance in fairy prim rose(Primula malacoides)plants.Journalof Integrative PlantBiology,2014,54(2):181-188

昆虫学

微生物学

数据库检索号：0001-6209-201403000299

引用格式：巴氏醋酸杆菌对发酵中醋酸胁迫的生理应答．微生物学报,2014,54(3):299-308

封面介绍：巴氏醋酸杆菌对发酵中醋酸胁迫的生理应答(第299-308页，江南大学工业生物技术教育部重点实验室，中国矿业大学，徐州恒顺万通食品酿造公司，亓正良、杨海麟、夏小乐、王武、冷云伟、余晓斌、权武等人的文章)．

巴氏醋酸杆菌对发酵中醋酸胁迫的生理应答

亓正良，杨海麟，夏小乐，王武，冷云伟，余晓斌，权武

摘要：【目的】研究Acetobacter pasteurianus CICIM B7003对醋酸发酵形成的酸胁迫环境在细胞形态、生理、代谢方面的响应，初步提出巴氏醋杆菌的动态耐酸机制模型，为高酸度高强度液态深层醋酸发酵提供理论帮助．【方法】在9L自吸式发酵罐中用A．pasteurianus CICIM B7003发酵醋酸，选取不同生长阶段细胞检测其荚膜多糖含量、膜不饱和脂肪酸含量、耐酸基因转录水平、乙醇呼吸链酶和ATP酶活性，研究醋酸菌形态、生理和代谢随醋酸积累的变化．【结果】醋酸的存在能减少细胞分泌荚膜多糖，发酵中多糖占细胞干重百分比由最初2.5%下降到0.89%；随发酵进行细胞膜不饱和脂肪酸占膜总脂肪酸含量显著提高，致使细胞膜流动性增加；耐酸基因相对转录水平显著提高而提升了细胞对酸性环境的抗性；乙醇呼吸链酶和ATP酶活性随醋酸积累也显著提高，为细胞提供足够的能量以满足耐酸机制对能量的需求．【结论】初步确定A．pasteurianus CICIM B7003主要依靠改变细胞膜脂肪酸组分、激活耐酸基因转录、增强乙醇呼吸链活力及快速产能等机制的协同作用，实现对酸胁迫的制衡．

关键词：巴氏醋酸杆菌；醋酸发酵；醋酸胁迫；耐酸生理应答

肿瘤学

数据库检索号：1000-467X-201404000176

引用格式：A bird’s eye view of the air pollution-cancer link in China.Chinese Journal ofCancer, 2014,33(4):176-188

封面介绍：Epidem iologic studieshave shown that theaging of the population isamajor factor for the increased incidence of cancer.W ith the remarkable industrialization and urbanization in China in the past 30 years,air pollution has become a ubiquitous problem in China,especially in northern and eastern China.During the w inter months of late 2013 and early 2014,northern China has been frequently filled w ith fog-like haze that blurs visibility.Many of the pollutants have reached a level more than 10 times higher than the lower unhealthy lim it(Air Quality Index of 50)recommended by WHO.This is evenmore alarm ing becauseWHO recently announced that air pollution is amutagen that causes cancer.(The art is provided by Ms.Xuan Wang,a graduate student of Tianjin University majoring in architecture design.)

Theroleofmaintenanceproteinsinthepreservationofepithelialcellidentity duringmammaryglandremodelingandbreastcancerinitiation

Yu-BeiHuang,Feng-JuSong,QunLiu,Wei-QinLi,WeiZhang,Ke-XinChen

Abstract:Air pollution in China comes from multiple sources,including coal consumption,construction and industrial dust,and vehicle exhaust.Coal consumption in particular directly determines the emissions of threemajor air pollutants：dust,sulfur dioxide(SO2),and nitrogen oxide(NOx).The rapidly increasing number of civilian vehicles is expected to bring NOxem ission to a very high level.Contrary to expectations, however,existing data show that the concentrations ofmajor pollutants[particulatematter-10(PM10),SO2,and nitrogen dioxide(NO2)]in several large Chinese cities have declined during the past decades,though they still exceed the national standards of ambient air quality.Archived data from China does not fully support that the concentrations of pollutants directly depend on local emissions,but this is likely due to inaccurate measurement of pollutants.Analyses on the cancer registry data show that cancer burden related to air pollution is on the rise in China and w ill likely increase further,but there isa lack of data to accurately predict the cancerburden.Pastexperience from other countrieshassounded alarm of the link between air pollution and cancer.The quantitative association requires dedicated research aswell as establishmentof neededmonitoring infrastructuresand cancer registries.The air pollution-cancer link isa seriouspublic health issue thatneedsurgentinvestigation.

Keywords:Lung cancer;airpollution;particulatematter;sulfur dioxide;nitrogen oxide

药学

数据库检索号：1000-7857-201411000021

引用格式：茶多酚EGCG对小鼠棕色脂肪代谢的影响．科技导报,2014,32(11):21-25

封面介绍：《科技导报》2014年11期第21-25页刊登了商悦等的文章“茶多酚EGCG对棕色脂肪代谢的影响”．该文采用动物实验、病理组织学方法、免疫组化法，表明不同种属小鼠的棕色脂肪组织具有不同的组织形态学特点，EGCG能够在一定程度上降低小鼠的体重和白色脂肪的含量，能够通过增加棕色脂肪细胞内UCP1的表达来调节棕色脂肪的代谢，从而调节小鼠的脂质代谢．这篇文章为研究茶叶或茶多酚的脂质代谢调节机制提供了实验依据．本期封面图片为实验用昆明小鼠，由陈淑珍提供．

茶多酚EGCG对小鼠棕色脂肪代谢的影响

商悦，李毅，陈淑珍，甄永苏

摘要：随着对棕色脂肪组织(BAT)在成人体内具有生物学功能的肯定，棕色脂肪已经成为当今医学研究的热点．采用动物实验、病理组织学方法及免疫组化，观察了表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)对棕色脂肪代谢的影响．结果表明，在体重和鼠龄相近时，不同种属小鼠肩甲间棕色脂肪组织HE染色后的形态不同，C57BL/6脂肪细胞中的空泡大，胞浆含量少，BALB/c小鼠脂肪细胞中的空泡小，胞浆含量多，昆明小鼠居中．给昆明小鼠口服不同剂量EGCG后，150mg/kg EGCG能降低小鼠体重的增长，降低附睾周围白色脂肪组织的重量，但没有统计学意义．同时，EGCG能降低棕色脂肪细胞内脂肪含量，增加胞浆含量，具有统计学意义(P＜0.001)．免疫组化结果表明，EGCG能增加棕色脂肪细胞内脱偶联蛋白1(UCP1)的表达，增加能量代谢．因此，不同种属小鼠的BAT具有不同的组织形态学特点，这为研究BAT小鼠的选择提供了依据；EGCG能够调节小鼠棕色脂肪的代谢功能，这为进一步研究作用机制打下了基础，同时为茶叶在脂肪代谢方面的调节提供了一种新的思路和依据．

关键词：表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯；棕色脂肪组织；脱偶联蛋白1

化学工业

数据库检索号：0438-1157-201403000805

引用格式：微反应器内入口结构对Taylor气泡形成过程的影响．化工学报,2014,65(3):805-812封面介绍：Taylor流因具有轴向返混低、径向混合强等特性，在众多领域有广阔应用前景。封面图片给出了以空气-水为气-液两相体系，表观气速与表观液速分别为0.361m·s-1和0.221m·s-1时，Taylor气泡形成过程的可视化实验结果(左图)与数值模拟结果(右图)的比较。由图可见，数值模拟与实验观察的气泡长度、形状及形成周期都基本一致。说明该数值模拟方法能很好地模拟微通道内气-液两相Taylor流。详见本期805-812页。

微反应器内入口结构对Taylor气泡形成过程的影响

党敏辉,任明月,陈光文

摘要：采用计算流体力学方法，考察了微通道入口结构、气液比及两相混合速度对Taylor气泡形成过程的影响，模拟结果与可视化实验符合良好。与单纯流体体积法相比，水平集法(level set)和流体体积法(volume of fluid)相耦合的方法(coupled level set and volume of fluid method，CLSVOF)可获得更精确的气液界面，且CLSVOF法结果与实验结果更符合。数值模拟结果发现，通道入口结构及气液比对气泡长度、气泡生成频率及气泡体积有很大影响。气液比恒定，不同通道入口结构，两相混合速度对气泡长度有不同影响。

关键词：泰勒流；两相流；计算流体力学；微通道；微反应器；入口结构

数据库检索号：1004-9541-201405000509

引用格式：Effects of Oxygen Transfer Limitation and Kinetic Control onBiomimetic Catalytic Oxidation of Toluene．Chinese JournalofChemical Engineering,2014,22(5):509-515

封面介绍：Effects of both oxygen transfer and kinetic control onoxidation of toluene over metalloporphyrinsweresystematicallyinvestigated．The results showed that the conversion under the oxygen transfer lim itations was lower than that under kinetic control．And the total selectivity to benzaldehyde and benzylalcoholunder the oxygen transfer lim itationswould decrease in comparison w ith that under kinetic control in the same conversion．Under the kinetics control,oxygen transferwouldn’t influence conversion and the selectivity of benzaldehydeand benzylalcohol,and toluene oxidation is zero-order w ith respect to oxygen.And some possible explanations have been discussed(see LUO etal．Pages509-515)．

EffectsofOxygenTransferLimitationandKineticControlonBiomimetic CatalyticOxidationofToluene

LUOWeiping(罗伟平),LIUDawei(刘大为),SUNJun(孙俊),DENGWei(邓伟),SHENG Wenbing(盛文兵),LIUQiang(刘强),GUOCancheng(郭灿城)

Abstract:Under oxygen transfer lim itation and kinetic control,liquid-phase catalytic oxidation of toluene overmetalloporphyrin was studied. An improved technique ofmeasuring dissolved oxygen levels for gas-liquid reaction at the elevated temperature and pressurewasused to take the sequential data in the oxidation of toluene catalyzed by metalloporphyrin.By this technique the corresponding control step of toluene oxidation could be obtained by varying reaction conditions.When the partial pressure of oxygen in the feed is lower than or equal to 0.070MPa at463K,the oxidation of toluene would be controlled by oxygen transfer,otherw ise the reaction would be controlled by kinetics.The effects of both oxygen transfer and kinetic control onthe toluene conversion and the selectivity of benzaldehyde and benzylalcohol in biomimetic catalytic oxidation of toluene were systematicallyinvestigated.Three conclusions have been made from the experimental results.Firstly,under the oxygen transfer lim itation the toluene conversion is lower than that under kinetic control at the same oxidation conditions.Secondly,under the oxygen transfer lim itation the total selectivity of benzaldehyde and benzylalcohol is lower than that under kinetic control w ith the same conversion of toluene. Finally,under the kinetics control the oxidation rate of toluene is zero-orderw ith respect to oxygen.The experimental results are identicalw ith the biomimetic catalyticmechanism of tolueneoxidation overmetalloporphyrins.

Keywords:kinetic control;oxygen transfer lim itations;catalysis;toluene;oxidation;porphyrin

封面介绍：Farinose Flavone in Frost Protection During cold seasons,fairy prim roses secrete various amounts of farinose flavone through specialized trichomes.In this issue,Isshiki et al.(pp.181-188) query the role of flavone in frost protection,and observed that the ice nucleation temperatures closely correlated w ith amounts of flavone produced by selected cultivars,and exogenous application of flavone efficiently protected leavesand buds from freezing.

Farinoseflavonoidsareassociatedwithhighfreezingtoleranceinfairy primrose(Primulamalacoides)plants

RyutaroIsshiki,IvanGalis,ShigemiTanakamaru

The deposition of surface(farinose)flavonoidson aerial partsof some Primula species isawell-documented butpoorly understood phenomenon.Here,we show that flavonoid deposition on the leavesand winter budsmay contribute strongly to preventing freezing damage in these plants.The ice nucleation temperature of fairy prim rose(Primulamalacoides)leaves covered with natural flavonewasapproximately 6 °C lower compared to those that had their flavone artificially removed.Additionally,farinose flavonoids on the leaves reduced subsequent electrolyte leakage(EL)from the cells exposed to freezing temperatures.Interestingly,exogenous application of flavone at 4mg/g fresh weight to P.malacoides leaves,which had the original flavonemechanically removed,restored freezing tolerance,and dim inished EL from the cells to pretreatment values.Our results suggest that farinose flavonoidsmay function asmediators of freezing tolerance in P.malacoides,and exogenous application of flavone could be used to reduce freezing damage during sudden butpredictable frostevents in otherplantspecies.

数据库检索号：1744-7917-201402000227

引用格式：Tier-1 assays for assessing the toxicity of insecticidal proteins produced by genetically engineered plants to non-targetarthropods.InsectScience,2014,21(2):227-233

封面介绍：Praying mantises such as these Pseudomantis albofimbriata show strong sexual size dimorphism(SSD).Allen et al.(2014)provides evidence that SSD can result from two different patterns of grow th and development in closely related species.See pages 227-233.Photo taken by Kate Barry.

Tier-1assaysforassessingthetoxicityofinsecticidalproteinsproducedby geneticallyengineeredplantstonon-targetarthropods

Yun-HeLi,JörgRomeis,Kong-MingWu,Yu-FaPeng

Abstract:In assessing an insect-resistant genetically engineered(IRGE)crop before its commercialization,researchers normally use so-called“Tier-1 assays”as the initial step to determine the effects of the crop on non-targetorganisms.In these tests,the insecticidal proteins(IPs)produced by the IRGEs are added to the diets of test organisms in the laboratory.Test organisms in such assays can be directly exposed to much higher concentrationsof the test IPs than they would encounter in the field.The resultsof Tier-1 assaysare thusmore conservative than those generated in studies in which the organisms are exposed to the IPs by feeding on IRGE plant tissue or in the case of predators or parasites,by feeding on invertebrate prey or hosts thathave fed on IRGE plant tissue.In this report,we consider three important factors thatmust be considered in Tier-1 assays:(i)methods for delivery of the IP to the test organisms;(ii)the need for and selection of compounds used as positive controls;and(iii) methods formonitoring the concentration,stability and bioactivity of the IP during the assay.We also analyze the existing data from Tier-1 assays regarding the toxicity of Bt Cry proteins to non-targetarthropod species.The data indicate that thew idely used Bt proteinshaveno direct toxicity to non-targetorganisms.

artificialdiet;Cry protein;environmental risk assessment;ELISA;positive control;sensitive insectbioassay

石墨烯的光化学修饰方法．化学学报,2014,72(3):289-300

封面介绍：Based on photo-induced free radicals,various photochem ical reactionsof graphene have been developed.Using photochemical reaction of graphene as a probe,we have investigated the dimension effects on graphene chemistry,including the thickness,stacking order,single-and doubleside,and edge dependent reactivity in graphene.In this review,we select several typical examples to demonstrate such kinds of photochemical graphene engineering and its intrinsic 2D reaction characteristics.

石墨烯的光化学修饰方法

周琳，张黎明，廖磊，杨明媚，谢芹，彭海琳，刘志荣，刘忠范