东光健+赖楠楠+郝清智+季博+王彬
[摘要] 目的 探讨Th1/Th2亚群失衡在大鼠深静脉血栓形成(DVT)中的作用及中药复方消栓通脉颗粒逆转Th1/Th2亚群失衡治疗DVT的作用机制。 方法 80只DVT大鼠随机分为消栓通脉颗粒组、DVT组、假手术组、正常组,分离大鼠脾脏单个核细胞,流式细胞术检测各组大鼠Th1亚群(CD4+TNF-α+)、Th2亚群(CD4+IL-4+)比例,ELISA法检测大鼠外周血TNF-α、IL-4水平。 结果 与正常组及假手术组比较,DVT大鼠脾脏Th1亚群比例显著升高(P=0.022),Th2亚群比例显著降低(P=0.015);血清TNF-α水平显著升高(P=0.005);IL-4水平显著降低(P=0.012)。消栓通脉颗粒作用后,大鼠脾脏Th1亚群比例显著降低(P=0.008),Th2亚群比例显著升高(P=0.011),血清TNF-α水平降低(P=0.036),IL-4水平升高(P=0.018)。 结论 Th1/Th2亚群失衡参与了大鼠DVT发病过程,消栓通脉颗粒诱导T细胞向Th2亚群偏移,抑制炎性因子表达进而减轻炎症反应,保护血管内皮细胞,促进血栓再通。
[关键词] 消栓通脉颗粒;Th1/Th2亚群;深静脉血栓形成;细胞因子
[中图分类号] R285.5 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 2095-0616(2014)11-13-04
Regulatory effect of traditional Chinese medicine on Th1/Th2 subsets contributes to the treatment of deep vein thrombosis
DONG Guangjian1 LAI Nannan2 HAO Qingzhi3 JI Bo3 WANG Bin3
1.Shandong Workers Hospital of Geology and Mineral Resources,Jin'an 250013,China;2.Institute of Basic Medicine,Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences,Jin'an 250062,China;3.Peripheral Vascular Surgery Department,Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jin'an 250014,China
[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the role of Th1/Th2 shift in deep vein thrombasis (DVT) and elucidate the mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) -Xiaoshuantongmai Decoction-in treating DVT animal models. Methods 40 DVT rats were divided randomLy in to DVT group and TCM group.Additionally, 20 rats with sham operation were taken as sham operation group and 20 normal rats were taken as normal group respectively. Rats of TCM group were treated with Xiaoshuantongmai Decoction for 8-15 days,while rats of other groups were treated with double distilled water for the same duration. Then,the proportions of Th1 (CD4+TNFα+) subset and Th2 (CD4+IL-4+) subset were detected by Flowcytometry. Moreover,the protein expressions of TNF-α and IL-4 in rat serum were analyzed by ELISA assay. Results Compared with normal and sham operation group, the proportion of Th1 subset was increased while that of Th2 subset was decreased significantly in DVT group. In addition,protein expression of TNF-α was enhanced while that of IL-4 was inhibited markedly in DVT rats. After TCM administration,the proportion of Th1 subset was down-regulated while that of Th2 subset was up-regulated significantly in DVT rats. Moreover,the protein expression of TNF-α decreased while that of IL-4 increased obviously after TCM administration. Conclusion Th1/Th2 shift was involved in DVT.TCM- Xiaoshuantongmai decoction-down-regulated the Th1 subsets whereas up-regulated the Th2 subsets;thereby, Xiaoshuantongmai decoction exerted the curative effect on DVT mice.
[Key words] Xiaoshuantongmai decoction;Th1/Th2 subsets;Deep vein thrombosis; Cytokine
深静脉血栓形成(deep vein thrombosis,DVT)
1是周围血管病科常见病及多发病,年发病率约1.0‰[1],且有逐年升高趋势。在急性期容易出现肺栓塞而危及生命,慢性期可以出现患肢肿胀、淤积性皮炎、顽固性小腿溃疡等后遗症,严重影响患者生活质量。前期研究证实,DVT模型大鼠存在细胞因子网络失衡的现象[2],但导致这一现象的免疫学根源尚未明确。Th1/Th2亚群是免疫调节的主体,通过产生特征性细胞因子,在抵抗病原体感染及维持机体内环境稳定中发挥着重要作用,参与了多种疾病的发生与发展,但其在DVT中的作用及机制尚未阐明。本实验通过建立大鼠DVT模型,观察模型大鼠Th1/Th2亚群变化,阐释其在DVT发病中的作用,并观察中药复方消栓通脉颗粒干预后DVT大鼠Th1/Th2亚群分化状态及炎性细胞因子的表达,揭示该中药复方治疗本病的作用靶点与机制。
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1 材料与方法
1.1 主要材料
Wistar大鼠80只,12周龄,体重200~250g,♂,SPF级,购自山东大学实验动物中心(许可证号:SCXK鲁20090001)。大鼠自由饮水和摄食,饲养室温度23~25℃,相对湿度7%左右,定期紫外线室内消毒,适应性饲养3d后开始实验。消栓通脉颗粒(山东中医药大学附属医院药剂科制备,鲁药制字 Z0120030051)。药物组成:茵陈、桃仁、赤芍等。制备:用蒸馏水制成悬浊液,每1mL含0.6g消栓通脉颗粒。生理盐水(山东华鲁制药有限公司生产,H37022750)。大鼠抗小鼠荧光抗体:FITC-CD4、PE-IL-IFNγ、PE-IL-4均购自美国BD Pharmigen公司。
1.2 DVT大鼠模型建立
根据Reyers法建立大鼠深静脉血栓形成模型40只,随机分为实验组与模型组,各20只。造模术后动物自由饮水,普通全价颗粒饲料,不用抗生素,按照人与动物公斤体重比值进行药物剂量的折算。实验组灌胃消栓通脉颗粒组,剂量为0.6g/(100g·d),连续灌胃8~15d。模型组:连续灌胃生理盐水8~15d。假手术组:20只大鼠,麻醉后,分离下腔静脉,不予结扎,直接缝合腹膜、皮肤,术后给予生理盐水连续灌胃8~15d。20只正常大鼠作为正常对照组,给予生理盐水连续灌胃8~15d。
1.3 标本收集与Th1、Th2亚群检测
参照文献报道[3],无菌分离大鼠脾脏,针栓研磨制成单细胞悬液,200目铜网过滤,调整细胞浓度为1×106个/mL,加入佛波酯30μg/L、离子霉素(Ionomycin)1mg/L、莫能霉素(Monensin)1.7μg/L,37℃,5% CO2孵育4h。收集细胞,1×PBS洗2遍,去上清,加入小鼠血清,室温避光孵育30min。将外标抗体FITC-CD4按说明书加入到细胞悬液中,4℃避光孵育30min;1×PBS洗2遍,去上清;BD固定穿膜试剂盒固定穿膜(按说明书操作),加入内标抗体(PE-TNF-α、PE-IL-4),4℃避光孵育30min;穿膜缓冲液洗2次,去上清,PBS重悬细胞,转管,上机检测。Winmidin 2.9分析Th1(CD4+TNF-α+)及Th2(CD4+IL-4+)亚群比例。
1.4 Th1、Th2细胞炎性细胞因子的检测
采用ELISA法,所有步骤均按照说明书进行,通过标准曲线求得血清中TNF-α、IL-4蛋白浓度。
1.5 统计学分析
应用SPSS11.5软件,计量资料以()表示。采用One Way-ANOVA方差分析,两组间比较采用Turkey法检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 Th1、Th2亚群比例及消栓通脉颗粒对其影响
造模后第8天,与正常组大鼠比较,实验组、模型组、假手术组大鼠Th1亚群比例显著升高(P=0.022),Th2亚群比例显著降低(P=0.015);模型组大鼠Th1亚群比例显著高于实验组(P=0.013),Th2亚群比例显著低于实验组(P=0.021)。消栓通脉颗粒作用15d后,实验组大鼠Th1亚群比例显著降低(P=0.008),Th2亚群比例显著升高,与模型组比较有显著性差异(P=0.011),与假手术组及正常组大鼠比较无明显差异(P=0.153)。提示Th1/Th2亚群偏移参与了大鼠DVT形成,消栓通脉颗粒对DVT大鼠Th1/Th2亚群分化状态具有调节作用,能优势诱导Th2亚群偏移。见表1。
表1 大鼠Th1/Th2亚群占CD4+细胞百分比及药物对其影响(,%)
组别 只数 药物作用天数
(d) Th1亚群
(CD4+TNF-α+) Th2亚群
(CD4+IL-4+)
实验组 10 8 25.45±5.44abc 2.70±0.55abc
10 15 17.32±4.16f 3.95±0.63f
模型组 10 8 32.64±3.52ab 2.15±0.42ab
10 15 26.60±3.85de 2.80±0.54de
假手术组 10 8 20.43±4.25ac 3.22±0.48ac
10 15 16.08±3.60f 3.64±0.76f
正常组 10 8 15.45±3.60c 3.89±0.84c
10 15 15.26±3.21f 3.83±0.74f
注:术后第8天,与正常组比较,aP<0.05;与假手术组比较,bP<0.05,与模型组比较,cP<0.05;术后第15天,与正常组比较,dP<0.05;与假手术组比较,eP<0.05;与模型组比较,fP<0.05
2.2 血清TNF-α、IL-4水平及消栓通脉颗粒对其影响
造模后第8d,与正常组大鼠比较,实验组、模型组、假手术组大鼠TNF-α水平显著升高(P=0.005),IL-4水平显著降低(P=0.012);实验组TNF-α水平明显低于模型组、IL-4水平明显高于模型组(P=0.033)。造模第15天后,实验组大鼠TNF-α表达明显降低(P=0.036),IL-4表达明显升高(P=0.018),与正常组、假手术组比较无显著性差异(P=0.421);模型组大鼠TNF-α表达明显高于实验组,IL-4表达明显低于实验组,差异有显著性(P=0.003)。提示Th1型细胞因子TNF-α蛋白表达升高及Th2型细胞因子IL-4蛋白表达降低参与了DVT的形成过程,消栓通脉颗粒通过调节Th1/Th2亚群比例,降低Th1型细胞因子表达,增加Th2型细胞因子表达,其对TNF-α、IL-4水平的调节作用呈明显剂量与时间依赖性,证实其对Th1/Th2亚群分化的调节作用是其减轻炎性细胞因子介导的炎症反应,保护血管内皮治疗DVT作用的靶点之一。见表2。
表2 大鼠外周血TNF-α、IL-4水平(,pg/mL)
组别 只数 药物作用天数
(d) Th1型细胞
因子TNF-α Th2型细胞因子
IL-4
实验组 10 8 198.45±13.94abc 103.12±9.75abc
10 15 142.32±15.16f 147.95±11.63f
模型组 10 8 220.64±13.52ab 92.45±12.42ab
10 15 182.60±15.85de 122.25±10.54de
假手术组 10 8 180.43±14.25ac 113.04±10.68ac
10 15 144.08±13.20f 140.75±12.76f
正常组 10 8 130.45±13.60bc 143.89±10.84bc
10 15 135.26±16.21f 140.53±11.50f
注:术后第8天,与正常组比较,aP<0.05;与假手术组比较,bP<0.05,与模型组比较,cP<0.05;术后第15天,与正常组比较,dP<0.05;与假手术组比较,eP<0.05;与模型组比较,fP<0.05
3 讨论
T细胞是机体免疫调节的主体细胞,在抵御外界病原体感染及维持机体内环境稳定中发挥着重要作用[4]。初始T细胞受抗原刺激后,在分化诱导因子及特异性核转录因子作用下分化为不同的亚群,产生特异性细胞因子,主导不同的免疫反应[5]。初始T细胞经IFN-γ和IL-12诱导分化成Th1亚群,主要分泌TNF-α等炎性细胞因子,诱导机体炎症反应,增强细胞毒性T细胞和NK细胞的活性,从而促进细胞免疫应答。初始T细胞经IL-4诱导分化Th2亚群,分泌IL-4和IL-10等抑制性细胞因子,能拮抗性抑制Th1型细胞因子介导的炎症反应,使机体的免疫应答限制在适度范围,避免过强的炎症反应导致的组织损伤。Th1/Th2亚群相互调节,处于动态平衡之中[6-7],维持机体正常免疫功能及自稳状态;Th1/Th2亚群参与了多种疾病的发病过程,但其在DVT中的作用机制尚未阐明[8-9]。
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Th1型细胞因子TNFα可以通过促进脂质沉积和诱导巨噬细胞聚集,诱导巨噬细胞凋亡,产生过量的单核细胞趋化因子-1(macophage/monocyte chemotactic protein1,MCP-1),导致内皮损伤而促进血管炎症反应[10-11]。Th2型细胞因子IL-4可以抑制TNFα的产生,同时抑制TNFα对巨噬细胞的活化作用,减轻炎症反应,调节Th1/Th2平衡,抑制炎症反应,从而保护内皮细胞[12-13]。本研究发现,在DVT初期,Th1炎性细胞因子比例明显,Th2亚群比例明显降低,Th1炎性细胞因子占主导地位,提示Th1/Th2亚群偏移参与了DVT形成过程。此时T细胞在MCP-1的作用下,与血管内皮细胞结合,以渗出的方式透过内皮细胞层进入内皮下,参与炎症反应,加重内皮损伤,促进了血栓形成[14-15]。经过中药复方治疗后,实验组Th1亚群比例及促炎因子表达降低,Th2亚群比例及抗炎因子表达升高。
消栓通脉颗粒具有清热利湿、祛瘀通络的功效。消栓通脉颗粒中茵陈、赤小豆清热利湿,行血消肿共为君药。赤芍药清热凉血,活血化瘀,水蛭破血逐瘀;通经消癥;黄柏清热燥湿,泻火解毒,三药相须配伍合而为臣药,既助君药祛湿、清热、活血,又能凉血活血、破血祛瘀、软坚散结,使血脉通畅,水肿自消。山栀清热,苍术功擅燥湿健脾,桃仁、红花活血散瘀。诸药合用,共奏清热利湿,祛瘀通络,消肿止痛之功效,使湿化、热清、瘀祛,脉络通畅[16]。我们的前期研究证实,DVT急性期炎性细胞因子表达增高,消栓通脉颗粒可以保护血管内皮细胞,降低炎性细胞因子表达[17-18]。本研究发现经消栓通脉颗粒治疗后,DVT大鼠Th1亚群比例降低,Th2亚群比例升高,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),提示优势诱导T细胞亚群向Th2漂移,逆转Th1/Th2亚群失衡是消栓通脉颗粒治疗DVT的靶点与分子机制。本研究进一步阐释了DVT形成的免疫学分子机制及消栓通脉颗粒治疗本病的靶点,为精确制导临床治疗提供了新的途径,为治疗DVT中药研发提供了实验依据。但在DVT发病过程中,Th1/Th2亚群失衡的始动因素及信号通路关键分子变化与机制尚未明确,有待进一步深入探讨。
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(收稿日期:2014-03-09)
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Th1型细胞因子TNFα可以通过促进脂质沉积和诱导巨噬细胞聚集,诱导巨噬细胞凋亡,产生过量的单核细胞趋化因子-1(macophage/monocyte chemotactic protein1,MCP-1),导致内皮损伤而促进血管炎症反应[10-11]。Th2型细胞因子IL-4可以抑制TNFα的产生,同时抑制TNFα对巨噬细胞的活化作用,减轻炎症反应,调节Th1/Th2平衡,抑制炎症反应,从而保护内皮细胞[12-13]。本研究发现,在DVT初期,Th1炎性细胞因子比例明显,Th2亚群比例明显降低,Th1炎性细胞因子占主导地位,提示Th1/Th2亚群偏移参与了DVT形成过程。此时T细胞在MCP-1的作用下,与血管内皮细胞结合,以渗出的方式透过内皮细胞层进入内皮下,参与炎症反应,加重内皮损伤,促进了血栓形成[14-15]。经过中药复方治疗后,实验组Th1亚群比例及促炎因子表达降低,Th2亚群比例及抗炎因子表达升高。
消栓通脉颗粒具有清热利湿、祛瘀通络的功效。消栓通脉颗粒中茵陈、赤小豆清热利湿,行血消肿共为君药。赤芍药清热凉血,活血化瘀,水蛭破血逐瘀;通经消癥;黄柏清热燥湿,泻火解毒,三药相须配伍合而为臣药,既助君药祛湿、清热、活血,又能凉血活血、破血祛瘀、软坚散结,使血脉通畅,水肿自消。山栀清热,苍术功擅燥湿健脾,桃仁、红花活血散瘀。诸药合用,共奏清热利湿,祛瘀通络,消肿止痛之功效,使湿化、热清、瘀祛,脉络通畅[16]。我们的前期研究证实,DVT急性期炎性细胞因子表达增高,消栓通脉颗粒可以保护血管内皮细胞,降低炎性细胞因子表达[17-18]。本研究发现经消栓通脉颗粒治疗后,DVT大鼠Th1亚群比例降低,Th2亚群比例升高,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),提示优势诱导T细胞亚群向Th2漂移,逆转Th1/Th2亚群失衡是消栓通脉颗粒治疗DVT的靶点与分子机制。本研究进一步阐释了DVT形成的免疫学分子机制及消栓通脉颗粒治疗本病的靶点,为精确制导临床治疗提供了新的途径,为治疗DVT中药研发提供了实验依据。但在DVT发病过程中,Th1/Th2亚群失衡的始动因素及信号通路关键分子变化与机制尚未明确,有待进一步深入探讨。
[参考文献]
[1] Kesieme E,Kesieme C,Jebbin N,et al.Deep vein thrombosis:a clinical review [J].J Blood Med,2011,2 (2):59-69.
[2] 张玥,刘明,王彬,等.深静脉血栓形成中促炎症细胞因子变化的研究[J].中国现代医学杂志,2007,17(5):569-571.
[3] Li X,Wang B,Zhang J,et al.Uterine bleeding reduced by Shenghua Decoction by regulating T cell Paradigm in human decidua of RU486 medical abortion[J].American Journal of Reperoductive Immunology,2013,70(1):24-25.
[4] Roberts-Thomson IC,Fon J,Uylaki W,et al.Cells,cytokines and inflammatory bowel disease:a clinical perspective[J].Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol,2011,5(6):703-716.
[5] Zenewicz LA,Antov A,Flavell RA.CD4 T-cell differentiation andinflammatory bowel disease[J].Trends Mol Med,2009,15(5):199-207.
[6] Crome SQ,Wang AY,Levings MK.Translational mini-review series on Th17 cells: function and regulation of human T helper 17 cells in health and disease[J].Clinical & Experimental Immunology,2010,159:109-119.
[7] 邓长生,夏冰.炎症性肠病[M].第2版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:60-68.
[8] Li X,Wang B,Li Y,et al.The Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg paradigm induced by stachydrine hydrochloride reduces uterine bleeding in RU486-induced abortion mice[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2013,145:241-253
[9] Li X,Zhang M,Wang B,et al.Shenghua Decoction reduces uterine bleeding and regulates T-cell Paradigm in human deciduas of RU486 medical abortion[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2013,150(3):907-917.
[10] Guo M,Mao X,Ji Q,et al.Inhibition of IFN regulatory factor-1 down-regulate Th1cell function in patients with acute coronary syndrome[J].J Clin Immunol,2010,30 (2):241-252.
[11] Zhang J,Sun B,Huang Y,et al.IFN-γpromotes THP-1 cell apoptosis during early infection with Mycobacterium bovis by activating different apoptotic signaling [J].FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol,2010,60(3):191-198.
[12] Hong M,Jiang Z,Zhou YF.Effects of thermotherapy on TH1/TH2 cells in esophageal cancer patients treated with radiotherapy[J].Asian Pac J Cancer Prev,2014,15(5):2359-2362.
[13] Christian A,Gleissner,Arne Zastrow,et al.IL-10inhibits endothelium-dependent T cell costimulation by up-Regulation of ILT3/4 in human Vascular endothelial cells [J].Eur J Immunol,2007,37(1):177-192.
[14] Koga M,Kai H,Yasukawa H,et al.Inhibition of progression and stabilization of p-laques by postnatal interferon-gamma function blocking in ApoE-knockout mice[J].Circ Res,2007,101(4):348-356.
[15] Packard RR,Lichtman AH,Libby P,et al.Innate and adaptive immunity in atherosclerosis[J].Semin Immunopathol,2009,31(1):20-22.
[16] 王彬,李霞,张玥,等.炎性细胞水平变化与深静脉血栓形成中医症候分型关系探讨[J].山东中医药大学学报,2006,30(2):131-132.
[17] 王彬,刘明,张玉东,等. 消栓通脉颗粒调节Treg/Th17亚群平衡治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成研究[J].山东中医药大学学报,2013,37(3):203-205.
[18] 王彬,刘明,郝清智. 中药调节Th1/Th2免疫平衡在下肢深静脉血栓形成治疗中的作用[J].中国中西医结合外科杂志,2013,9(4):355-358.
(收稿日期:2014-03-09)
endprint
Th1型细胞因子TNFα可以通过促进脂质沉积和诱导巨噬细胞聚集,诱导巨噬细胞凋亡,产生过量的单核细胞趋化因子-1(macophage/monocyte chemotactic protein1,MCP-1),导致内皮损伤而促进血管炎症反应[10-11]。Th2型细胞因子IL-4可以抑制TNFα的产生,同时抑制TNFα对巨噬细胞的活化作用,减轻炎症反应,调节Th1/Th2平衡,抑制炎症反应,从而保护内皮细胞[12-13]。本研究发现,在DVT初期,Th1炎性细胞因子比例明显,Th2亚群比例明显降低,Th1炎性细胞因子占主导地位,提示Th1/Th2亚群偏移参与了DVT形成过程。此时T细胞在MCP-1的作用下,与血管内皮细胞结合,以渗出的方式透过内皮细胞层进入内皮下,参与炎症反应,加重内皮损伤,促进了血栓形成[14-15]。经过中药复方治疗后,实验组Th1亚群比例及促炎因子表达降低,Th2亚群比例及抗炎因子表达升高。
消栓通脉颗粒具有清热利湿、祛瘀通络的功效。消栓通脉颗粒中茵陈、赤小豆清热利湿,行血消肿共为君药。赤芍药清热凉血,活血化瘀,水蛭破血逐瘀;通经消癥;黄柏清热燥湿,泻火解毒,三药相须配伍合而为臣药,既助君药祛湿、清热、活血,又能凉血活血、破血祛瘀、软坚散结,使血脉通畅,水肿自消。山栀清热,苍术功擅燥湿健脾,桃仁、红花活血散瘀。诸药合用,共奏清热利湿,祛瘀通络,消肿止痛之功效,使湿化、热清、瘀祛,脉络通畅[16]。我们的前期研究证实,DVT急性期炎性细胞因子表达增高,消栓通脉颗粒可以保护血管内皮细胞,降低炎性细胞因子表达[17-18]。本研究发现经消栓通脉颗粒治疗后,DVT大鼠Th1亚群比例降低,Th2亚群比例升高,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),提示优势诱导T细胞亚群向Th2漂移,逆转Th1/Th2亚群失衡是消栓通脉颗粒治疗DVT的靶点与分子机制。本研究进一步阐释了DVT形成的免疫学分子机制及消栓通脉颗粒治疗本病的靶点,为精确制导临床治疗提供了新的途径,为治疗DVT中药研发提供了实验依据。但在DVT发病过程中,Th1/Th2亚群失衡的始动因素及信号通路关键分子变化与机制尚未明确,有待进一步深入探讨。
[参考文献]
[1] Kesieme E,Kesieme C,Jebbin N,et al.Deep vein thrombosis:a clinical review [J].J Blood Med,2011,2 (2):59-69.
[2] 张玥,刘明,王彬,等.深静脉血栓形成中促炎症细胞因子变化的研究[J].中国现代医学杂志,2007,17(5):569-571.
[3] Li X,Wang B,Zhang J,et al.Uterine bleeding reduced by Shenghua Decoction by regulating T cell Paradigm in human decidua of RU486 medical abortion[J].American Journal of Reperoductive Immunology,2013,70(1):24-25.
[4] Roberts-Thomson IC,Fon J,Uylaki W,et al.Cells,cytokines and inflammatory bowel disease:a clinical perspective[J].Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol,2011,5(6):703-716.
[5] Zenewicz LA,Antov A,Flavell RA.CD4 T-cell differentiation andinflammatory bowel disease[J].Trends Mol Med,2009,15(5):199-207.
[6] Crome SQ,Wang AY,Levings MK.Translational mini-review series on Th17 cells: function and regulation of human T helper 17 cells in health and disease[J].Clinical & Experimental Immunology,2010,159:109-119.
[7] 邓长生,夏冰.炎症性肠病[M].第2版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:60-68.
[8] Li X,Wang B,Li Y,et al.The Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg paradigm induced by stachydrine hydrochloride reduces uterine bleeding in RU486-induced abortion mice[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2013,145:241-253
[9] Li X,Zhang M,Wang B,et al.Shenghua Decoction reduces uterine bleeding and regulates T-cell Paradigm in human deciduas of RU486 medical abortion[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2013,150(3):907-917.
[10] Guo M,Mao X,Ji Q,et al.Inhibition of IFN regulatory factor-1 down-regulate Th1cell function in patients with acute coronary syndrome[J].J Clin Immunol,2010,30 (2):241-252.
[11] Zhang J,Sun B,Huang Y,et al.IFN-γpromotes THP-1 cell apoptosis during early infection with Mycobacterium bovis by activating different apoptotic signaling [J].FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol,2010,60(3):191-198.
[12] Hong M,Jiang Z,Zhou YF.Effects of thermotherapy on TH1/TH2 cells in esophageal cancer patients treated with radiotherapy[J].Asian Pac J Cancer Prev,2014,15(5):2359-2362.
[13] Christian A,Gleissner,Arne Zastrow,et al.IL-10inhibits endothelium-dependent T cell costimulation by up-Regulation of ILT3/4 in human Vascular endothelial cells [J].Eur J Immunol,2007,37(1):177-192.
[14] Koga M,Kai H,Yasukawa H,et al.Inhibition of progression and stabilization of p-laques by postnatal interferon-gamma function blocking in ApoE-knockout mice[J].Circ Res,2007,101(4):348-356.
[15] Packard RR,Lichtman AH,Libby P,et al.Innate and adaptive immunity in atherosclerosis[J].Semin Immunopathol,2009,31(1):20-22.
[16] 王彬,李霞,张玥,等.炎性细胞水平变化与深静脉血栓形成中医症候分型关系探讨[J].山东中医药大学学报,2006,30(2):131-132.
[17] 王彬,刘明,张玉东,等. 消栓通脉颗粒调节Treg/Th17亚群平衡治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成研究[J].山东中医药大学学报,2013,37(3):203-205.
[18] 王彬,刘明,郝清智. 中药调节Th1/Th2免疫平衡在下肢深静脉血栓形成治疗中的作用[J].中国中西医结合外科杂志,2013,9(4):355-358.
(收稿日期:2014-03-09)
endprint