汪璇
请同学们先看看下面这道完成句子:
Most believe he for England last week, but for a serious injury which put him out of football. (play)
多数人认为,要不是受了重伤而告别足球,上周他本会为英格兰踢球的。
解析 本题考查 but for含蓄条件虚拟语气,last week是对过去情况的虚拟。因此正确答案是could/would have played. 类似情况还有otherwise, but, or, without等来引导。
“情态动词+have done”结构是历年高考试题中的必考项,也是同学们常常容易混淆的考点之一。近年来,“情态动词+have done”结构的试题新颖,而且有效的信息越来越隐蔽,考查角度越来越精细,综合性也越来越高,诸如此类因素无疑增加了考题的难度。因此,仔细区别具有相同功能的、意思相近的情态动词特征用法是突破这一难点的有效措施。
简单来说,“情态动词+have done”这一结构有两大功能:一是表示推测;二是表示虚拟。
1. must+ have done表示对过去情况的肯定推测,用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定做过某事”。
①The children lost in the woods: otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled. (get)
孩子们一定是在树林里迷路了,否则按照计划他们应该已经在湖边了。
解析 本题考查情态动词对过去情况的肯定推测。从句子后半句判断可知与过去事实相反,前面应用情态动词+完成式,因此正确答案是must have got。
②Since nobody gave him any help, he , the research on his own. (do)
既然没有人提供给他帮助,他一定是自己做的这项研究工作。
解析 本题考查情态动词对过去情况的肯定推测。前半句gave him any help 表明是过去的动作,后半句肯定推测,因此本题答案是 must have done。
③Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He ,at the party last night. (drink)
亨利感觉不舒服,他一定是在昨晚的聚会上喝多了。
解析 本题考查情态动词对过去情况的肯定推测。时间状语last night ,因此本题答案是must have drunk too much。
2. could have done用于肯定句中,表示本来可以做某事,亦可以表示“可能已经做……”
④Sorry, Cathy, I didnt know that you were badly short of money then. But you . (ask)
对不起凯瑟,我不知道你当时急需用钱。但是你本可以向我求助的。
解析 本题考查情态动词接完成式,表示过去本来可以做某事,因此本题答案是could have asked me for help。
3. can/ could not have done 表示对过去发生事情怀疑或者不确定,意为“不可能做过某事”,通常用在否定句或者疑问句中。
⑤—Why are your eyes so red? You last night.
—Yeah, I stay up late writing a report. (sleep)
—你的眼睛为什么这么红?你昨晚肯定没睡好。
—是的,我熬夜写报道到很晚。
解析 本题考查情态动词对过去情况的推测。cant/couldnt have done 表示过去不可能做了某事,因此答案是cant/couldnt have slept well。类似表推测用法还有may/might have done可能做过,must have done 一定做过。
4. may/ might have done 表示对过去事情的推测,意为“可能做过某事”。Might可能性比may弱,语气比较委婉。
⑥It is possible that the King of the Stonehenge was linked to the stone; he in planning the monument. (hand)
很可能巨石阵的国王与这些石头有关:他可能对设计这座纪念碑起了作用。
解析 本题考查情态动词表推测。may/might have done可能做过某事,因此本题答案是might have had a hand。
5. should/ought to have done 表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上没有做,含有责备的意味。shoulnt/ought not to have done 表示过去本不应该做某事而实际上做了。
⑦You the conference yesterday, what was the reason for your absence? (come)
昨天你本该来开会,你缺席的原因是什么?
解析 本题考查虚拟语气。Should have done 表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上没有做,本题答案是 should have come to。endprint
6. neednt have done 表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了。
⑧The weather turned out to be fine yesterday, I to carry my umbrella with me. (take)
昨天的天气很好。我本不需要那么麻烦带上雨伞。
解析 本题考查虚拟语气。neednt have done 表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了。本题答案是 neednt have take the trouble。
1. —Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.
—You it in the wrong place. (put)
—我的字典在哪里?我记得我昨天把它放在这儿。
—你可能把它放在不正确的地方了。
2. You a taxi here, for it was very near to my house. (take)
你本不需要在这打的,因为这里离我房子很近。
3. Linda told me that she cried a lot while she was living in the village alone. She a lot of hardships. (go)
琳达告诉我她独自居住在村庄时经常哭泣。她一定经受了许多困难。
4. Mr Black had known the truth of the car accident before you told him, so you , about it. (tell)
在你告诉布莱克先生之前,他已经知道这次事故的真相。因此你没有必要告诉他。
5. I saw Mr. Wang just now. He , Beijing. (go)
我刚才看见了汪老师。他不可能去了北京。
1. might have put
2. neednt have taken
3. must have gone through
4. neednt have told him
5. couldnt have gone to