英语科技文长句结构分析

王磊

(吉林工商学院外国语学院,吉林长春 130062)

英语科技文长句结构分析

王磊

(吉林工商学院外国语学院,吉林长春 130062)

英语科技文涉及科技领域专业知识的文章,反映全球科技的最新进展。文体多以议论文为主,说明文为辅。在语言结构层面具有长句错综、结构复杂、逻辑性强的特点。长句的结构分析是英语科技文阅读和理解的关键性问题。本文论述了英语科技文长句结构的分析原则并对实例进行了分析。

英语 科技文 长句 结构

英语科技文涉及科技领域专业知识的文章，反映全球科技的最新进展。文体多以议论文为主，说明文为辅。在语言结构层面具有长句错综、结构复杂、逻辑性强的特点。长句的结构分析是英语科技文阅读和理解的关键性问题。

1 英语科技文长句结构分析的原则

英语科技文中的句子重语法结构，通过一系列的语法结构组合成句子，以形连表意连，通过各种限定成分、修饰成分以及补充成分来分析和说明问题、阐明客观事实和道理，表达观点和态度。因此在结构上首先可将其简化成英语句子的两个基本结构：主谓宾和主系表结构。其次要找到存在的并列关系(存在代词指代问题和省略)、非谓语动词、从句的引导词、名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句)、形容词性从句(定语从句)、状语从句和插入语等成分。另外还要了解主语、宾语和状语的构成，明确副词和介词短语在文中的成分和作用。

2 英语科技文长句结构分析实例

(1)The things that chemists actually do to investigate the properties and reactions of matter vary widely，and are constantly undergoing change as new methods are developed，new equipment is invented， and new techniques devised.

本句的基本结构是：The things that…vary widely and are constanctly undergoing…as…。此句是一个由and引导的并列句，主语是The things，谓语是vary和are undergoing，前半句中由that引导的从句是定语从句修饰things，后半句中的as引导时间状语从句。在这个时间状语从句中有三个并列的简单句，①new methods are developed.②new equipment is invented.③new techniques(are)devised.第三个简单句中省略了are。

(2)Comfort care involves adjusting medications to obtain relief of symptoms，providing explanations of likely causes of symptoms，and reassuring families that the constellations of symptoms they witness are expected。

本句基本结构为：Comfort care(主语)involves(谓语)adjusting…，providing…and reassuring…that….(that)….。谓语动词involves有三个并列的由动名词短语构成的宾语。最后一个动名词短语结构中，reassuring引导了一个宾语从句that the constellations of symptoms they witness are expected，在这个宾语从句中又包含一个省略引导词that的定语从句“they witness”，修饰先行词symptoms。

(3)Presidents run for office based on claims of what they will do for a vast and poorly understood economy composed of many unpredictably interacting sectors。

本句的基本结构是：Presidents(主语)run for(谓语)office(宾语)…。based on claims of…是过去分词短语作原因状语。what they will do是介词of的宾语从句。Composed of是过去分词短语修饰economy。

(4)The whole world today is so much shaken up with the word“biotechnology”that it has become a strong belief that this is “the field”which will give solution to our any problem.

本句的基本结构是：the whole world is so…that (结果状语从句)…that(belief的同位语从句)…which(定语从句，修饰field)…。

(5)Up to this point architecture has been discussed as a series of linked spaces， each possessing a particular quality and each related to the other.

此句的基本结构为：Up to this point(状语)architecture(主语)has been discussed(谓语)as a series of linked spaces(状语)，each possessing a particular quality and each related to the other(独立主格结构作状语)。独立主格结构由逻辑主语each和两个分词(现在分词possessing，过去分词related to)构成，表伴随。

(6)If we acknowledge that an objective of life is the achievement of a continuous flow of harmonious experiences，then the relationship of spaces to one another， as experienced over time，becomes a major design problem.

本句的结构是：If(条件状语从句)… then(主句)…。在条件状语从句中that引导定语从句修饰acknowledge，主句中非限制性定语从句as experienced over time修饰主句，有插入语的性质。主从句各部分的语法成分是：we(主语)acknowledge(谓语)that an objective of life (主语)is(系动词)the achievement of a continuous flow of harmonious experiences(表语)， then the relationship of spaces to one another(主语)，as experienced over time(非限制性定语从句)，becomes(系动词)a major design problem(表语)。

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[2]陈伟.科技英语长句的句法特点和汉语译文结构重构[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2007.6.

[3]杨雄.英语长句结构分析[M].华东理工大学出版社,2008.

王磊,女,1983年生,吉林工商学院讲师,研究方向：英语语言文学。