扬州历史文化名城保护规划，扬州，江苏，中国

项目设计：张松/上海同济城市规划设计研究院/扬州市规划局

扬州历史文化名城保护规划，扬州，江苏，中国

项目设计：张松/上海同济城市规划设计研究院/扬州市规划局

历史性城市景观保护

联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）于2011年11月通过了有关城市保护的最新国际建议——《关于历史性城市景观的建议》。历史性城市景观（Historic Urban Landscape，HUL）理念和方法是指导历史城市保护的新路径。《扬州历史文化名城保护规划》借鉴这个新的保护理念，在保护规划中做了一些实践探索，其中比较重要的内容包括历史城区的评估认定，维持历史城市景观的连续性，注重遗产保护与城市发展的融合等。

历史性城市景观由具有文化和自然价值的历史层积（historic layers）构成，反映了自然环境和人工创造之间相互作用的结果。长期以来，湖泊水网等地理环境决定了扬州城市形态的大格局，历代城池位置基本不变，蜀冈上下的唐扬州城、宋三城遗址，以及明清扬州城都在这个地方。保护规划中为了突显扬州历史性城市景观的风貌特征和大的背景环境，确定了包含扬州城遗址、大运河遗产、历史城区（明清扬州城）、蜀冈—瘦西湖风景名胜区在内的重点保护区，通过历史风貌的整体保护和环境景观的控制管理，实现瘦西湖、古城遗址和历史城区等文化景观的保护。

用历史层积的理念来认识和理解名城扬州的历史城区，充分考虑城市变迁的时空关联性。根据扬州城市历史变迁和传统风貌的保存状况，将历史边界范围清晰、格局和风貌保存较为完整的明清扬州城范围确定为历史城区，重点保护明清扬州城的城池格局、风貌街巷、历史文化街区，以及古运河、护城河、小秦淮河等历史水系等。

保护规划除了尊重城市的发展演变过程，保护代表不同时期的历史遗存之外，还需要对城市未来发展实施控制引导，通过保持新旧城区空间结构延续性和过渡关系，来保证历史城区之外地区的有序发展。重视维护历史城市的连续性，将持续不断和有序变化视为城市文化传统的一部分。历史性城市景观不仅包含不断演进的城市空间，而且还应涵盖历史性场所和社会生活的内容。通过管理空间变化和社会功能改变，确保当代干预与历史环境的和谐整合，通过景观管理维护城市景观的秩序性。

历史性城市景观保护理念要求联系更为广泛的背景环境，通过区域统筹为历史城市保护提供支撑条件，强调城市建设与自然环境的有机结合，古代城市以河流作为城市防御体系的一部分，利用自然山水营造古典园林，现代城市建设以水为载体营造江南水都景观，以蜀冈—瘦西湖、运河生态林带等自然开放空间构筑城市生态系统。

项目信息/Credits and Data

设计团队/Project Team：张松，匡晓明，李文墨，李宇欣，林升，镇雪锋，林娟，付毓，铃木克幸，陈君，顾琨，刘洋等/ZHANG Song, KUANG Xiaoming, LI Wenmo,

LI Yuxin, LIN Sheng, ZHEN Xuefeng, LIN Juan, FU Yu, Katsuyuki Suzuki, CHEN Jun, GU Kun, LIU Yang, et al.

Conservation of Historic Urban Landscape

In November 2011 the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) adopted a new international recommendation on urban conservation-Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape. The concepts and approaches of HUL (Historic Urban Landscape) are new tools of guiding the conservation of historic cities. Learning from the new conservation concepts, a series of practical exploration has been conducted inthe Conservation Planning of Historic and Cultural Center of Yangzhouin respect of assessment and identification of historic center, continuity of historic urban landscape, emphasis on the incorporation of heritage conservation into urban development, etc.

Historic urban landscape composed of historic layers of cultural and natural values demonstrates the results of interaction between natural environment and human invention. The general layout of Yangzhou has long been determined by its geographical conditions such as networks of lakes and rivers, so throughout ages the urban sites remained almost intact, for example the Tang Dynasty Yangzhou City divided by Shugang, the three Song Dynasty urban centers, and the Ming and Qing city of Yangzhou. In order to highlight the styles, features and environmental contexts of historic urban landscape of Yangzhou in this Conservation Planning, the site of ancient Yangzhou in Sui Dynasty, the Grand Canal heritage, the historic urban (sites of Yangzhou City in Ming and Qing Dynasties) and Shugang-Slender West Lake Scenic Spot are all included in the key conservation areas, and overall conservation of historical styles as well as landscape control and management are performed on the cultural landscapes including the Slender West Lake and the ruins of historic centers.

Yangzhou's renowned historic centers should be recognized and understood from the perspective of historic layers while spatial-temporal association with urban changes are taken into full consideration.The sites of Yangzhou in Ming and Qing Dynasties featuring clear historical boundaries and relatively complete layout and styles are identified as historic centers according to urban changes and conservation conditions of the traditional features. The focus is turned onto the conservation of city layouts, styles of the ancient streets and lanes, and the historic and cultural blocks of the Ming and Qing sites as well as the historical river system such as ancient canal, moat, and the small Qinhuai River.

In addition to following the development and evolution courses of the city, and preserving the typical historic ruins in different times, the Conservation Planning also should function in the guidance and control of future development of the city so as to keep the areas out of the historic centers in orderly development via maintaining spatial structure continuity and transition between the old and new urban areas. Sustainable and ordered changes of the city should be regarded as part of the city's cultural traditions while focusing on the maintenance of continuity of the historic centers. A historic urban landscape should contain not only evolving urban space but also historic places and social activities. Harmonious integration of modern interference into historical environment should be ensured via management of spatial and social function changes, and urban landscape order should be preserved via landscape management.

The concepts of historic urban landscape conservation require wider environmental context in which regional coordination can be used as the supportive condition of historic urban conservation, and emphasis on organic bond of urban construction with natural environment. In ancient times, rivers were used as defense system of a city and natural landscapes are adopted to create classical gardens; in modern times, water is treated as a carrier for creating a waterscape full of the styles characteristic of the cities in the south valley of the Yangtze River, and the natural and open spaces such as Shugang - Slender West Lake, ecological forest zone of the canal are employed to build the ecological system of the city.

评论

谷云瑞：保护：尽力照顾，使其权益不受损害。

规划：个人或组织制定的比较全面长远的发展计划。

对于历史性城市景观保护，设计者的工作思路是完整清晰的，历史层积、自然环境和人工创造相互作用下的城市形态，明清扬州城的城池格局、风貌街巷、历史文化街区、古运河、护城河、小秦淮河等历史水系，明确了扬州城应受到尽力照顾、使其不受损害的保护疆域。

尊重城市发展的演变过程，保护不同时期的历史遗存，使其成为未来发展的本命根基，让科学的城市发展观不再是旷远绵邈、难近其身的意境幻相，而是置身于丰润沃土、祖源纯清的华茂春松。

朱光亚：作为第一批历史文化名城和大运河申遗城市联盟机构所在地的扬州，既有着丰富的历史文化资源，也有着文化遗产保护领域的重大的示范责任，由同济规划院和扬州规划局完成的新一轮的名城保护规划肩负着这种期待，规划较好地吸纳了近10年来各项各类保护规划的成果，又以历史文化景观作为整合它们的基本切入点，规划没有忘记保护必须有重点，也必须以历史是层积的观念来对待多个历史时期的遗存引发的困扰，这显示了规划者的清醒意识和整体观念。

Comments

GU Yunrui: Conservation: Trying to take care, so as not to impair its interests.

Planning: Relatively comprehensive and longterm development plans made by individuals or organizations.

With regard to landscape protection of historic cities, planners have a complete and clear idea, taking into consideration the historic layers, the urban morphology shaped by the interaction between natural environment and artificial creation, the city landscape of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, featured streets, historic area, and historical river system including ancient canals, moats, and Small Qinhuai River. The planning makes it clear that Yangzhou City should be taken care of as much as possible, so as not to cause damage to the territory it protects.

The planning should respect the evolution process of the urban development, protect the historical relics in different periods, thus making it the foundation for the future development. In this situation, the concept of scientific urban development will no longer be an unrealistic fantasy; instead, it will develop steadily and vigorously in a favorable environment.

ZHU Guangya: Yangzhou, as one of the first group of historic cities and the location for the city alliance office for the application of the Grand Canal for World Cultural Heritage, has not only rich historic and cultural resources but also a major demonstration responsibility in the field of cultural heritage protection. The new planning of historic city protection completed jointly by Tongji Planning Institute and Yangzhou Planning Bureau has fulfilled such a responsibility. With historic and cultural landscape as the basis, the planning absorbs and integrates the achievements of various types of protection plans in the past decade. In the planning, it is clear that the protection must have focuses and should use the concept that history is accumulation to deal with the problem caused by the remains of different historical periods, which well reveals the sober mind and the holistic view of the planners.

Conservation Planning of Historic City of Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China, 2013

Project Design: ZHANG Song/Shanghai Tongji Urban Planning and Design Institute/Yangzhou Urban Planning Bureau