逗号在解答语法填空中的妙用

潘素洪

通过对2007年以来的广东高考英语题、广州一模和广州二模等的语法填空题的研究，笔者发现逗号在高考中占有独特的地位。若懂得了逗号之作用，那么高考中某些语法填空题就会迎刃而解。

众所周知，英语句子的结束通常以句号为标志。如果句子使用了逗号，那么就表示句子尚不完整。就句子的组成而言，简单句的五种基本句型是：

从上表不难看出，句子最为基本的成分是：主语和谓语。

一、句子之间是逗号，连词不可少

[例1]In 2003， Professor Dorrity and his wife retired，they came to Wuhan and started to work as volunteers at the Welfare Institute. （2013广州一模）

句子结构如下表：

通过上表，我们可以得出该句子结构为：“主语+谓语，主语+谓语。”其实质就是：“句子，句子。”其中的“逗号”说明句子尚未完整。句子之间的连接，只能填连词。根据两句之间的逻辑关系，应填After/When。

归纳起来，常考连词（只能填一个单词）思考的方向如下：

二、逗号后面无连词，括号动词非谓语

[例2]They often take children on day-trips，________ （bring）along with them all kinds of food for the kids to enjoy. （2013广州一模）

句子结构如下表：

因They take...（主语+谓语=句子）后是逗号，没有连词表明bring同take是并列关系，因此bring应为非谓语动词，因发出bring这个动作的应是they，用现在分词短语作伴随状语，故填bringing。

三、巧看句子逗号，善辨定语从句

[例3]They also bought a wheelchair for ten-year-old Tan Jun， suffers from a brain problem. （2013广州一模）

句子结构如下表：

分析：They bought...（主+谓=句子）；suffers 是谓语动词，其前面少了主语。同时既要充当句子成分又要能起连接作用的，应是什么词呢？那就是引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词，或者引导名词性从句的连接代词和连接副词。本句要填的词是代表前面的那个名词ten-year-old Tan Jun，能代表前面名词、代词或整个句子的意思，能在句中作句子成分，还能起连接作用，同时起这三个作用的只有关系词。先行词是人，在句子作主语，故填who。

即时练习

请根据题中逗号的提示，在空格处填入一个适当的词或用所给词的正确形式填空。

1. Walked in our garden，______ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.

2. The house， the roof of ______ was destroyed in the terrible fire， has been repaired.

3. ______（bite）twice，the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.

4. At the age of 29， Dave was a worker，______（live）in a small apartment near Boston and ______（wonder）what to do about his future.

5. ______（encourage） by the advances in technology， many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.

6.______（tire） and short of breath， Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.

7. Michaels new house is like a huge palace，______ （compare） with his old one.

8. ---Tom， you didnt come to the party last night？

--- I was going to， ______ I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.

9. You have failed two tests. Youd better start working harder， ______ you wont pass the course.

10. Some of the stamps belong to me， ______ the rest are his and hers.

11. He was very tired of doing this for a whole day， ______ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”

12. I quite liked the idea of visiting the West Lake but wasn't so sure about crossing the Broken Bridge. ______ it was broken， did she expect me to jump across？endprint

13. That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation， ______ （close） my book and walked away.

14. My truck seemed to have no problem with the ice that covered the road. I drove very slowly，______， not wanting to carve a path of destruction through Main Street.

15. The boy， who had remained silent and deep in thought on the journey home， ______（reply） in a way that shocked his father.

16. After a four-day journey， the young man ______（present） the water to the old man.

17. The cheering and optimistic rabbit threw himself into looking for the carrot， ______ （dig） here and there， totally convinced that he would find it.

18. But the dog， after sniffing around for a bit， ______ （lie） down and began to complain about how difficult it， was to find one bone in such a big field.

19. He suddenly appeared in class one day， ______ （wear） sun glasses.

20. Of course whenever they turned to look at him， they had to look at Mary， ______ made her feel like a star.

参考答案：1. where 2. which 3. bitten 4. living，wondering 5. Encouraged 6. Tired 7. compared 8. but 9. or 10. while 11. but 12. After 13. closed 14. however 15. replying 16. presented 17. digging 18. lay 19. wearing 20. which

（作者单位：中山市东升镇高级中学）

责任编校 蒋小青endprint

13. That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation， ______ （close） my book and walked away.

14. My truck seemed to have no problem with the ice that covered the road. I drove very slowly，______， not wanting to carve a path of destruction through Main Street.

15. The boy， who had remained silent and deep in thought on the journey home， ______（reply） in a way that shocked his father.

16. After a four-day journey， the young man ______（present） the water to the old man.

17. The cheering and optimistic rabbit threw himself into looking for the carrot， ______ （dig） here and there， totally convinced that he would find it.

18. But the dog， after sniffing around for a bit， ______ （lie） down and began to complain about how difficult it， was to find one bone in such a big field.

19. He suddenly appeared in class one day， ______ （wear） sun glasses.

20. Of course whenever they turned to look at him， they had to look at Mary， ______ made her feel like a star.

参考答案：1. where 2. which 3. bitten 4. living，wondering 5. Encouraged 6. Tired 7. compared 8. but 9. or 10. while 11. but 12. After 13. closed 14. however 15. replying 16. presented 17. digging 18. lay 19. wearing 20. which

（作者单位：中山市东升镇高级中学）

责任编校 蒋小青endprint

13. That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation， ______ （close） my book and walked away.

14. My truck seemed to have no problem with the ice that covered the road. I drove very slowly，______， not wanting to carve a path of destruction through Main Street.

15. The boy， who had remained silent and deep in thought on the journey home， ______（reply） in a way that shocked his father.

16. After a four-day journey， the young man ______（present） the water to the old man.

17. The cheering and optimistic rabbit threw himself into looking for the carrot， ______ （dig） here and there， totally convinced that he would find it.

18. But the dog， after sniffing around for a bit， ______ （lie） down and began to complain about how difficult it， was to find one bone in such a big field.

19. He suddenly appeared in class one day， ______ （wear） sun glasses.

20. Of course whenever they turned to look at him， they had to look at Mary， ______ made her feel like a star.

参考答案：1. where 2. which 3. bitten 4. living，wondering 5. Encouraged 6. Tired 7. compared 8. but 9. or 10. while 11. but 12. After 13. closed 14. however 15. replying 16. presented 17. digging 18. lay 19. wearing 20. which

（作者单位：中山市东升镇高级中学）

责任编校 蒋小青endprint