近年来高考英语中名词性从句易错点剖析

名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句。名词性从句与定语从句一样是高考的重头戏，一直受高考出题者青睐。笔者对此进行了易错点归类，并做了剖析。

一、名词性从句中that与what的误用

连词that在名词性从句中不做成分，只起连接主从句的作用；What在名词性从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，并起连接主从句的作用。

【真题回放】

1. some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.（2010 北京，33）

A. Whether B. What C. That D. How

解析：B。本题考查主语从句，从句中谓语动词regard后面缺少宾语，应用what作宾语并引导从句。

二、引导词whoever与who的区别

Whoever在名词性从句中翻译成“……的人”，强调的是人相当于anyone who；而who则翻译成“谁”，强调的是事。

【真题回放】

1.Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please？（2009全国I，24）

A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever

解析：C。本题考查宾语从句，根据句意应该是跟人交谈，故排除B、D两项；又因为强调的是“……的人”而不是“谁”，所以选whoever在此相当于anyone who。

三、名词性从句中whether和if的异同

Whether和if在名词性从句中译为“是否”，if只引导宾语从句，并且是动词后的宾语从句，而whether可引导各种名词性从句。

【真题回放】

1.We haven’t settled the question of it is necessary for him to study abroad.（2006江苏，35）

A. if B. where C. whether D. that

解析：C。根据句意排除B、D两项。介词of后面跟宾语从句时，只用whether，不用if。

四、名词性从句的几个难点

1.that通常不可省略的情况

（1）主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，that都不可省；

（2）当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略。

2.Wh-ever与no matter wh-的用法区别

Wh-ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句，而no matter wh-只引导让步状语从句。如：

（1）Whatever I said，he wouldn’t listen to me.

=No matter what I said，he wouldn’t listen to me.

无论我说什么，他都不会听我的。（让步状语从句）

（2）He would believe whatever I said.

我说什么他都信。（宾语从句）

3.连词that引导的同位语从句与关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别

连词that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词之后，如：fact，hope，desire，thought等，对前面的名词起内容解释和说明的作用，连词that只起引导同位语从句的作用，在从句中不担当任何成分，因此that引导的同位语从句是完整的，不缺任何成分。

关系代词that引导定语从句时，关系代词that一方面起引导定语从句的作用，另一方面，that在定语从句中担当主语、宾语或表语，因此，that引导的定语从句是残缺的。如：

（1）The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.（同位语从句，不缺任何成分）

（2）The news （that） we heard on the radio was not true.（定语从句，缺少宾语）

名词性从句综合检测题：

1.As a new graduate，he doesn’t know it takes to start a business here.（2010天津，14）

A. how B. what C. when D. which

2.It never occurred to me you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.（2010陕西，18）

A. which B. what C. that D. if

3.Before the sales start，I make a list of my kids will need for the coming season.（2010山东，26）

A. why B. what C. how D. which

4.We should consider the students’request the school library provide more books on popular science.（2009重庆，31）

A. that B. when C. which D. where

5.—Is there any possibility you could pick me up at the airport

—No problem.（2009浙江，12）

A. when B. that C. whether D. what

6.People in Chongqing are proud of they have achieved in the past ten years.（08重庆）

A. that B. which C. what D. how

7. was most important to her，she told me，was her family.（2008山东）

A. It B. This C. What D. As

8.When asked they needed most，the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.（2008湖南卷）

A. what B. why C. whom D. which

9.The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.（2008北京卷）

A. which B. that C. what D. who

10.You can only be sure of you have at present；you cannot be sure of something you might get in the future.[2007 安徽卷]

A. that；what B. what；/ C. which； that D. /； that

Keys：

1—5 BCBAB 6—10 CCCCB