举一反三——英语单词词组记忆

2013-10-23 01:16杨翠菊
高中生学习·高二版 2013年9期
关键词:及物动词高二词组

杨翠菊

在英语学习中,很多同学觉得记忆单词很困难,并且即便是记住了,过几天又会忘记。结果导致很多同学对英语学习越来越没有兴趣,提起单词就害怕。其实记忆单词关键是要掌握规律,学会举一反三联想记忆。根据斯宾浩斯记忆曲线,记忆就是跟遗忘做斗争,记忆就是要不断地复习。在学习过程中,要学会总结发现规律。学会把单词放在短语里,短语放在句子里,句子放在文章里。这样每个单词不是孤立的个体,而是有语境有意义的整体。把个体放在整体中去记忆,赋予每个个体生命,这样的记忆才会更牢固。下面我以必修5的Unit 1&2的重点单词为例,向同学们讲解如何总结单词词组的规律,希望对同学们有所帮助。

1. be+adj.+prep.

be strict with ... 对……严格的

be consistent with 与……一致,相符

be thrilled with 对……兴奋、激动

be positive about 对……积极、肯定

be enthusiastic about 对……热情、热心

be cautious about 对……谨慎

be unwilling to do sth 不愿意做某事

be convenient to sb 对……来说方便

Shes very strict with her children. 她待子女很严。

What you say now is not consistent with what you said last week. 你现在说的话与你上星期说过的话不相符。

The audience was thrilled with his performance.观众为他的表演而激动。

She was quite positive about the amount of money involved. 她对所涉及的钱数十分肯定。

Do you think the English are enthusiastic about all the Russian developments? 你们认为英国人对俄国的这一切进展会感到高兴吗?

The boss is cautious about making promises. 老板对承诺持谨慎态度。

I was unwilling to cooperate without having more information. 我不想在不够了解的情况下参与合作。

Come to see me whenever it is convenient to you. 你什么时候方便,就请来看我。

在记忆这类词组时,同学们要学会总结不同形容词所接的介词是不一样的。对于所接介词一样的形容词可以放在一起记忆,这样就能达到举一反三的效果。

2. be+v.-ed+prep.

英语里有些动词,本身的动词词组强调一种动作,同时也存在其-ed分词形式,强调一种状态,即把其-ed分词形式当形容词用。在这两个单元中出现的这类词组有:

expose ... to ... 使……暴露于……

be exposed to ... 暴露于……

link ... to/with ... 把……与……连接或联系起来

be linked to/with 与……有关联

(此处to为介词,后面应接名词或动名词,类似的词组有:be used to习惯于;be related to与……有关; be addicted to沉溺于;be devoted to 致力于;be admitted to被……录取;be attached to附属于;be accustomed to习惯于等等)

be absorbed in ……专心于;全神贯注于

(类似的词组还有be lost in, be devoted to, be buried in, be occupied in/with ... 等等)

Do not expose it to the sun. 此物谨防日晒。

This liquid is not to be exposed to air, for it will soon evaporate. 这种液体不可暴露在空气中,因为它会很快蒸发掉。

The newspapers have linked his name with hers.报纸报道把他和她的名字联系在一起。

Climate change policy can be linked to development and win support from developing countries for low carbon growth. 气候变化政策可以与发展联系起来,从而赢得发展中国家对低碳经济增长的支持。

3. v.+prep.

在英语学习中,我们知道及物动词可以直接接宾语,不及物动词不能直接接宾语。不及物动词要接宾语时需在其后加一个介词,及物动词接双宾语时也要加一个介词,不同的动词所接的介词不一样,这就需要同学们平时多注意积累,可将相似结构的动词短语放在一起记忆。以必修5 Unit1&2两个单元的单词为例:

cure sb of ... 治愈某人的病;改掉某人的坏习惯

suspect sb of ... 怀疑某人有某种罪行或做过某事

(类似结构的还有remind sb of sth使某人想起某事;rob sb of sth抢了某人某物;inform sb of sth通知某人某事;warn sb of sth警告某人某事;accuse sb of sth控告某人某事)

consist of 由……组成(不用于进行时态及被动语态)(=be made up of; be composed of)

attend to sb/sth 处理,照顾,专心于某事 (to在这里是介词,类似的结构有lead to 导致; look forward to盼望; pay attention to注意; stick to坚持;contribute to对…作贡献; apply oneself to致力于)

divide sth into sth 把……分开/分割开(=separate sth from sth)

The doctors cured her of cancer. 医生治好了她的癌症。

What made you suspect her of having taken the money? 你凭什么怀疑钱是她偷的?

The committee consists of ten members. 委员会由十人组成。

Could you attend to this matter immediately? 你能不能立刻处理这件事?

Divide the cake into equal parts. 把蛋糕分成等份。

4. v.+adv.

在英语中,有很多这样的词组,即同一个动词后接不同副词时其意思不一样,这样的词组需要同学们平时多积累,尤其是一些常见的词组会有一些不常见的意思,这就需要我们平时多留心,多记忆总结。

put forward 提出;推荐;提前;拨快(时钟)

put aside 放一边;积蓄

put down 写下;镇压;让某人下车

put off 推迟;延期;打搅某人

put up 举起;张贴;向某人提供食宿

She is putting forward radical proposals for electoral reform. 她为选举制度的改革提出极为激进的建议。

Put your watch forward; youre five minutes slow. 把你的表往前拨拨; 你的表慢了五分钟。

Shes put aside a tidy sum for her retirement. 她存了一笔相当可观的钱以备退休之用。

The bus stopped to put down some passengers. 公共汽车停下来让一些旅客下车。

Dont put me off when Im trying to concentrate. 我正要集中注意力呢, 别打搅我。

We can put you up for the night. 我们可以招待你过夜。

leave out 省去;遗漏;不考虑

leave aside 不考虑; 忽视

leave behind 留下;忘带

leave off 停止

leave over 推迟

This word is wrongly spelt; youve left out a letter. 这字拼错了, 你漏了一个字母。

Leaving the expense aside, do we actually need a second car? 抛开费用不说, 且问我们真的需要再买一辆汽车吗?

The storm left a trail of destruction behind. 暴风雨过后留下满目疮痍的景象。

Hasnt the rain left off yet? 雨还没停吗?

These matters will have to be left over until the next meeting. 这些事情只好留到下次会议再讨论了。

break away (from)挣脱;脱离

break down (机器)损坏;破坏;感情失去控制;(健康状况)变得恶劣

break into强行进入某处;突然开始(大笑、唱歌、欢呼等)

break through有重要创见;突破;强行穿过(某事物);从(云层)后面出现

break up 解散,散去;结束;强行驱散某物

The prisoner broke away from his guards. 囚犯从看守者手中逃脱了。

The telephone system has broken down. 电话系统失灵了。

He broke down and wept when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时不禁痛哭起来。

As the Presidents car arrived, the crowd broke into loud applause. 总统的汽车到达时, 群众中爆发出热烈的掌声。

The sun broke through at last in the afternoon. 太阳在下午终于从云层后面钻出来了。

They decided to break up the partnership. 他们决定终止合作关系。

5. to+ones+n.

to ones credit 为……带来荣誉;值得赞扬;在……名下

to ones delight 令人高兴的是

It is greatly to your credit that you gave back the money you found; your honesty does you credit. 你拾金不昧是非常难能可贵的; 你很诚实, 应该受到表扬。

To our great delight, the day turned out fine. 令我们感到高兴的是天气转晴了。

英语中,“to +ones+情感名词”,表达人的喜怒哀乐,常译为“令某人……的是”。能用于该结构的名词还有 admiration羡慕, amazement惊奇, amusement娱乐, annoyance烦恼, astonishment 惊奇, despair绝望, disappointment失望, embarrassment难堪, horror恐怖, joy高兴, puzzlement疑惑, regret遗憾, relief放心, satisfaction满意, shame羞愧, sorrow悲伤, surprise惊讶等。

To my amazement, he arrived on time. 令我惊异的是,他居然准时赶到了。

To her embarrassment, she couldnt remember his name. 令她感到尴尬的是,她记不起他的名字了。

To my shame, I never thanked him for his kindness. 我感到惭愧的是对他的好意我从未表示过感谢。

在英语中,还有很多其他的方法可以将词组归类,归类的目的是方便记忆。希望同学们在平时的学习中,多思考多总结,这样你的英语一定会更上一层楼。记住:学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。

练习

1. Mark suggested the problem worth paying attention to _____________at the meeting. (put)

马克建议把那个值得注意的问题在会议上提出来。

2. Anyone _____________ suffering from depression must be shifted to lighter work. (suspect)

任何人,一旦被怀疑患有抑郁症,就应该换一个轻松一点的岗位。

3. _____________you have overcome such difficulties. (credit)

你们克服了这样的困难,值得大大的赞扬。

4. His remark showed that he didnt feel like _____________. (leave)

他的话显示他不喜欢被忽视。

5. When I opened the door, I found my father sitting in his chair,_____________the humorous stories he was reading. (absorb)

当我打开门,发现我的父亲正坐在椅子上,完全沉迷于他正读的幽默故事里。

6. With some urgent business _____________ , Mr. Smith has decided to put off his journey to Vietnam. (attend)

由于有一些要紧事要处理,斯密斯先生决定推迟他去越南的旅行。

7. _____________ for too much time, you will get sun burnt. (expose)

暴露在阳光下太久,你会被晒伤。

8. Evidence shows that John_____________ the shooting. (link)

证据显示约翰与这起枪击案有关。

参考答案

1. should be put forward

2. (who is) suspected of

3. Greatly to your credit

4. being left out

5. completely absorbed in

6. to attend to

7. Expose to sun

8. is linked to

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