浅议高考英语中的标点符号——逗号

甘肃省天水市秦州区汪川中学 黄爱花

高考英语写作评分原则第五条有这样一句话：“拼写与标点符号是语言标准性的一方面，评分时，要视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑”。其中提到标点符号。说明标点符号是一项重要的要求。其实英语中的标点符号在意义和用法与汉语一样 (逗号表示一句话中的停顿,句号表示一句话的完成)。但是在平时的作业或考试中会出现许多错误，有的学生写作文时没有标点符号；有的全篇是逗号；有的全篇是句号。这说明他们的表达不明确，甚至错误。他们还没有养成在英语中正确运用标点符号的习惯。

1.分词做伴随状语与并列句

—He stood there,smiling.

—He stood there and smiled.

前一句中有逗号，动词smile运用了现在分词做伴随状语。后一句应用and并列连词smile变成谓语动词smiled。

—He stood up,helped by his slavers.

—He stood up and was helped by his slavers.

前一句中有豆号，动词help运用了过去分词做伴随状语。后一句应用and并列连词，动词help变成谓语动词was helped。

2.定语从句与并列句

—He has three daughters,one of whom is a teacher.

—He has three daughters and one of them is a teacher.

前一句是定语从句应用了逗号。句中运用了关系代词whom。而后一句运用了并列连词and,one of中运用代词的宾格them。

3.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

（2011 全国卷）Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shorts,_____is a stupid thing to do in such weather.

A.this B.It C.that D.which

首先根据句子的意思判断，该句为定语从句，排除A，C选项。再根据空前的逗号可知。该句是非限制性定语从句，排除B选项。答案选D。如果把题改为：Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shorts_____is a stupid thing to do in such weather.此题变成限制性定语从句。答案成为that或which.有逗号与无逗号将是天壤之别。

4.定语从句与主语从句

（2012福州模拟）_____is known to us all is that the Chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake food.

A.As B.It C.That D.What

考查主语从句，What在这里引导主语从句。选D。如果题目改为1)_____is known to us all,the Chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake food.此空应填 as，as引导非限制定语从句；2）_____is known to us all that the Chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake food.此空应用it做形式主语，代替that引导的主语从句。

5.特殊句式：祈使句+and/or/otherwise+陈述句

Give me more a chance and I will study hard to catch up with others.

Pay more attention to your mistakes or you will be fired.

如果把前一句中的并列连词and变为逗号。它将会出现以下句子结构。

1)Given more a chance,I will study hard to catch up with others.（分词做状语）

2)If you give me more a chance,I will study hard to catch up with others.(壮语从句）

如果把第二句中的选择连词or变为逗号。它将会出现以下句子结构。

1)Not paying more attention your mistakes,you will be fired.(分词做状语)

2)If you don’t pay more attention your mistakes,you will be fired.(壮语从句）

5.结束语

从上面高考热点例子中，标点符号在做题时起举足轻重的作用。尤其逗号的用法。比如在选择题中，改错题，往往会出现这样的题目。如果我们在写作文时乱用或不用标点符号，那你的作文可能把谓语动词用成非谓语动词，把简单句变成复合句，或者颠倒过来。所以我们在平时要重视它，养成一个运用标点符号的好习惯。否则，我们就会在高考选择题上，改错题上失分，尤其在书面表达上没有达到高考的要求，失分将会更加严重。我希望通过这些例子能对同学们有所帮助。

[1]梁小龙.英语教学中逗号的意义和应用[J].中学课程辅导·教学研究,2012(06).

[2]张鸣凤.标点符号与高考英语——利用标点符号准确判断答案[J].中学教学参考,2011(27).