怎样作好阅读理解推理判断题

杨芝茹

推理判断即在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出合理的判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是几句话。表现形式为：

一、题型特点

推理判断题要求考生在理解原文的基础上，根据文章所提供的事实细节和上下文暗示进行综合分析，然后进行推论、引深得出合理的结论。因此，考生不仅要掌握文章的表层含义，还要理解其深层内涵；不仅要掌握已言明的观点倾向，还要获取字里行间的信息。此类试题属英语阅读理解高档题，平均每年考9-10题，占阅读理解试题一半。近年来，其难度在平稳增加。

二、设问方式

1. It can be inferred/ concluded from the passage that____.

2. which of the following conclusions can we draw from the article？

3. The passage implies， but doesnt directly state that___.

4. We can infer/ conclude from reading the passage that____.

5. In the passage the writer suggests/ implies that___.

6. Whats the authors main purpose/ attitude toward____.

7. The passage proves /suggests that___.

8. The passage is most probably taken from____.

9. The writer uses the examples of… to show that___.

10. When the author talks about…， what the author really means is___.

三、突破思路：

1.抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。推理时，不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法，主观臆断。

2. 对于暗含在文章中人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。

3. 应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想 、作者的意图进行推断。

4. 针对主题思想作推断时，其解题的主要依据是文章的主题思想 ，然后再分析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证（opinion and fact）、原因与结果（cause and effect）、主观点与次观点（main idea and supporting idea）。

四、突破方法

1.根据题干中的关键词或选项中的线索，找到原文的相关句，读懂后，比照选项，对相关句进行同义改写或综合概括的选项为正确答案。

2.采用逻辑分析法对题干中的备选项进行分析，排除选项中逻辑关系发生矛盾的选项，从而锁定剩余选项，再进行推论。

五、题型攻略（保留原题号）

1.逻辑推论（按文中事实、论点，得出合乎逻辑的结论。方法：弄清主题思想，归纳具体事实，按题目要求进行推论）

例：（全国I C）

Do you know of anyone who uses the truth to deceive（欺骗）？When someone tells you something that is true， but leaves out important information that should be included， he can give you a false picture.

For example， someone might say， “I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery（彩票）.It was great， I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for one hundred dollars！”

This guys a winner， right？Maybe， maybe not. We then discover that he bought $200 worth of tickets， and only one was a winner. Hes really a big loser！

He didnt say anything that was false， but he left out important information on purpose. Thats called a half?truth. Half?truths are not technically lies， but they are just as dishonest.

Some politicians often use this trick. Lets say that during Governor Smiths last term， her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. Then she seeks another term. One of her opponents （对手） says， “During Governor Smiths term， the state lost one million jobs！” Thats true. However， an honest statement would have been， “During Governor Smiths term， the state had a net gain of two million jobs.”

Advertisers（广告商） will sometimes use half?truths. Its against the law to make false statements so they try to mislead you with the truth. An advertisement might say， “Nine out of ten doctors advised their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure toothache.” It fails to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Company.

This kind of deception happens too often. Its a sad fact of life： Lies are lies， and sometimes the truth can lie as well.

50. We may infer that the author believes people should .

A. buy lottery tickets

B. make use of half?truths

C. not take anything at face value

D. not trust the Yucky Company

[分析]选C。考查归纳推理。Take anything at face value只看表面，相信表面。而这句话正好为第二、三、四自然的结论。即“我们推断作者相信不应该只看表面”。

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（陕西省洋县书院初级中学）