马丹丹,陈征海,裘宝林,陈子林,李根有*
(1. 浙江农林大学 林业与生物技术学院,浙江 临安 311300;2. 浙江省森林资源监测中心,浙江 杭州 310020;3. 杭州植物园,浙江 杭州 310013;4. 浙江大盘山国家级自然保护区管理局,浙江 磐安 322300)
浙江南蛇藤属一新种
——浙江南蛇藤
马丹丹1,陈征海2,裘宝林3,陈子林4,李根有1*
(1. 浙江农林大学 林业与生物技术学院,浙江 临安 311300;2. 浙江省森林资源监测中心,浙江 杭州 310020;3. 杭州植物园,浙江 杭州 310013;4. 浙江大盘山国家级自然保护区管理局,浙江 磐安 322300)
报道了产于浙江的南蛇藤属(Celastrus L.)植物1新种——浙江南蛇藤(C. zhejiangensis P. L. Chiu, G. Y. Li et Z. H. Chen),该新种与灰叶南蛇藤(C. glaucophyllus Rehd. et Wils.)相近,区别在于前者小枝髓部实心,叶片较小,叶缘锯齿细密,仅雄株有顶生花序,总状聚伞花序长0.5 ~ 1.5 cm,腋生者具1 ~ 3花,小花梗关节位于下部,花瓣长约2.5 mm,宽约1.5 mm,退化雌蕊长约1.2 mm;果梗关节以下部分褐色,上部绿色。
南蛇藤属;浙江南蛇藤;新种;浙江
南蛇藤属(卫矛科)包含30多个种,分布于热带、亚热带、亚洲温带地区,以及澳洲、美洲、马达加斯加岛。中国有26种,南北均有分布,以长江以南为分布中心,其中17种为中国特有种;浙江有12种,1变种。该属的许多种类在我国一直被作为中药材使用,具有行气活血、解毒消肿、祛风燥湿等功效;近年的研究表明,该属植物普遍含有萜类、黄酮类、生物碱类等化合物,这些成分具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗氧化、抗生育活性,以及治疗类风湿性关节炎等作用;一些果序宽大、果实密集的种类具有很高的观赏价值,因此,引起了世界有关学者的普遍重视。
20世纪90年代初,在《浙江植物志》南蛇藤属的编写过程中,裘宝林发现采自浙江天台山的2号果实标本,其形态十分特别而不同于东亚所有已知种,疑为新种;他的观点得到了《中国植物志》南蛇藤属的编写者(诚静容)的认同,并派学生赴天台山采集,但没有采到花。在近几年的植物资源调查中,我们在同属于仙霞岭山脉及其分支的衢江区药王山、磐安县大盘山、天台县天台山和大雷山、余姚市四明山,以及洞宫山脉的仙居县括苍山等地,陆续发现了该类群的分布,并采集到了雄花、雌花和成熟的果实标本。通过资料查询和深入研究,确认其为一新种,现描述如下。
浙江南蛇藤(图1、图2)
Celastrus zhejiangensis P. L. Chiu , G. Y. Li et Z. H. Chen, sp. nov. (Figure 1, Figure 2)
The new species is morphologically similar to C. glaucophyllus Rehd. et Wils., but different in the latter’s pith lamellate; leaf blade larger, margin sparsely serrate; terminal inflorescences racemose panicles 3-5 cm, axillary inflorescences 3-5 flowered, all fructicative; pedicels jointed a or above middle; petals 4-5 × 2 mm; pistillode 1.5-2.0 mm in male flowers; fruiting pedicels nearly brown; distributed in S Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan.
Deciduous twining shrubs; bark thick in old bine, pale brown, irregularly longitudinal-fissured, thinly exfoliating. Branchlets brown, lenticels dense, prominent, orbicular to elliptic; pith solid, white; annual branchlets pale brown or purplish brown, lenticels sparse; axillary buds broadly ovoid. Petiole 1-1.2 cm; leaf blade broadly elliptic, broadly ovate or obovate-elliptic, 3.5-6.5 (-9) × 2.5-5 (-6) cm, thickly papery, adaxially bottle-green, abaxially powdery white, base broadly cuneate to slightly cordate, margin densely finely serrate, with recurved glandular teeth, apex acute; lateral veins 5-6 pairs. Inflorescences generally axillary, cymose, terminal inflorescences occurring in male plants, 0.5-1.5 cm long, 1-3-flowered; rachis short, 1-2 mm long; pedicels 2.5-3 mm long, jointed below middle. Flowers unisexual, petals pale yellow, obovate-rectangular, 2.5 × 1 mm, margin erose, reflexed after flowering. Male flower: sepals triangular-ovate, 1 mm long, apex rounded-obtuse, margin sparsely erose-denticulate; stamens slightly shorter than petals, ca. 2 mm long; filament ca. 1.5 mm long; anthers approximately orbicular, pale yellow; pistillodes shorter than stamens, ca.1.2 mm long. Female flower: sepals triangular, apex obtuse-acute; disk shallowly cupulate, slightly carnose, lobes approximately semicircular; stamens in female slightly shorter, anthers sagittate; pistil 4 mm long, ampullaceous; ovary globose, styles 2 mm long, stigma 3-lobed, spreading. Capsule globose, ca.8mm wide; fruiting pedicels 7-8 mm, below joint brown, 2-3 mm, above joint green, 3-4 mm. Seeds elliptic, 5×3 mm, brown. Fl. May, fr. Oct.
Zhejiang Province(浙江省): Pan’an County(磐安县), Dapanshan(大盘山), Panshanjian(盘山尖), in mixed forest of Pinus taiwanensis and Cunninghamia lanceolata on slopes, alt.1 200 m, Oct. 28, 2009, Z. L. Chen(陈子林)et Y. F. Yu(俞叶飞)PA20091001 (Holotype, ZJFC); the same locality, Sep. 19, 2009, G. Y. Li(李根有), Z. H. Chen(陈征海)et D. D. Ma(马丹丹)PA090914(ZJFC). Tiantai County(天台县), Tiantai Mountain(天台山), Huading, yaoshi Nunnery(华顶药师庵), on the tree, Sep. 13, 1957, X. Y. He(贺贤育)28042(ZJFC); near Huading Monastery(华顶寺), the edge of the field, on the fence, Jul. 16, 1959, anonymous 28173(ZJFC); Daleishan(大雷山), forest margins near a rivulet in valley, alt. 600 m, Oct. 29, 2009, Z. H. Chen TT20091003(ZJFC). Xianju County(仙居县), Danzhu Township(淡竹乡), Longtoutang(龙头塘), in forest on slopes, alt.1 010 m, Jul. 21, 2010, Z. H. Chen XJ2010072101(ZJFC). Yuyao County(余姚市), Simingshan(四明山), Heilongtan(黑龙潭), under forest near a rivulet in valley, alt.350 m, May 16, 2012, G. Y. Li, D. D. Ma et al. YY201205061(ZJFC). Qujiang District(衢江区), Yaowangshan(药王山), in thicket on ridge, alt.1 100 m, Nov. 6, 2009, G. Y. Li et Z. H. Chen YWS091113(ZJFC).
落叶藤本;老茎树皮厚,灰褐色,不规则薄片状纵向开裂。小枝褐色,皮孔圆形或椭圆形,显著隆起,密生;髓实心,白色;当年生小枝灰褐色或紫褐色,疏生皮孔;腋芽宽卵形。叶片厚纸质,宽椭圆形、宽卵形或倒卵状椭圆形,长3.5 ~ 6.5(~9)cm,宽2.5 ~ 5.0(~ 6)cm,先端急尖,基部宽楔形至浅心形,边缘具细密锯齿,齿端具内曲的腺状小凸头,侧脉5 ~ 6对,上面深绿色,下面粉白色;叶柄长1.0 ~ 1.2 cm。聚伞花序通常腋生,雄株有顶生花序,长0.5 ~ 1.5 cm,1 ~ 3花,花序梗长1 ~ 2 mm,花梗长2.5 ~ 3.0 mm,关节位于下部。花单性,花瓣淡黄绿色,倒卵长方形,长约2.5 mm,宽约1 mm,边缘蚀齿状,花后反折。雄花:花萼裂片三角状卵形,先端圆钝,长约1 mm,边缘具稀疏小齿;雄蕊稍短于花瓣,长约2 mm,花丝长约1.5 mm,花药近圆形,淡黄色;退化雌蕊短于雄蕊,长约1.2 mm。雌花:花萼裂片三角形,先端钝尖;花盘浅杯状,稍肉质,裂片近半圆形;退化雄蕊稍短,花药箭头形;雌蕊长约4 mm,瓶状,子房球状,花柱长约2 mm,柱头3裂,开展。果实近球形,径约8 mm;果梗长7 ~ 8 mm,关节以下部分褐色,长2 ~ 3 mm,以上部分绿色,长3 ~ 4 mm。种子近椭圆形,纵径约5 mm,横径约3 mm,棕褐色。花期5月,果期10月。
本种与灰叶南蛇藤C. glaucophyllus Rehd. et Wils. 接近,但后者小枝髓薄片状;叶片较宽大,叶缘锯齿稀疏;顶生花序为总状圆锥花序,长3 ~ 6 cm,腋生者3 ~ 5花,均能结果;小花梗关节在中部或偏上;花瓣长4 ~ 5 mm,宽约2.2 mm,退化雌蕊长1.5 ~ 2.0 mm;果梗关节上下同色;产于陕西南部、湖北、湖南、贵州、四川、云南等省区。
2012年,沐先运在其博士学位论文“中国南蛇藤属(卫矛科)的分类修订”中,将灰叶南蛇藤归作滇边南蛇藤C. hookeri Prian之异名。由于该作者并未对滇边南蛇藤进行过分子系统学研究,因此归并缺乏科学依据。鉴于滇边南蛇藤与灰叶南蛇藤及本新种的明显区别,笔者赞同《中国植物志》和《Flora of China》对该类群的分类处理,在研究时采用形态特征较为接近的灰叶南蛇藤作对比。
图1 浙江南蛇藤(陈征海、陈子林摄)Figure 1 Pict ures of Celastrus zhejiangensis P. L. Chiu, G. Y. Li et Z. H. Chen sp. nov. A. fruiting branch, B. bud scales,C. old stem, D. leaf abaxially, E. female flowers, F. male flowers, G. infructescences, H. dehiscent capsule, I. seeds. Scale bar: A, D = 2 cm, B, E - I = 5 mm, C = 5 cm. Photographed by Zheng-hai Chen and Zi-lin Chen.
图2 浙江南蛇藤线条图(潘飞 翔根据模式标本及陈子林照片PA20110501、PA20110502绘)Figure 2 Drawings of Celastrus zhejiangensis P. L. Chiu, G. Y. Li et Z. H. Chen sp. nov. a. fruiting branch, b. fe male flower, c. male flower, d. marginal vein. Fruiting twig drawn from the holotype, flowers from Zi-lin Chen PA20110501, PA20110502. Drawing by Fei-xiang Pan.
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A New Species of Celastrus L. from Zhejiang Province
MA Dan-dan1,CHEN Zheng-hai2,QIU Bao-lin3,CHEN Zi-lin4,LI Gen-You1*
(1. School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an 311300, China; 2. Zhejiang Forest Resources Monitoring Centre, Hangzhou 310020, China; 3. Hangzhou Botanical Garden, Hangzhou 310013, China; 4. The Administration of Dapanshan National Nature Reserve of Zhejiang, Pan’an 322300, China)
A new species of Celastrus L., C. zhejiangensis P. L. Chiu, G. Y. Li et Z. H. Chen is described in this paper. This new species is morphologically similar to C. glaucophyllus, but different in having solid pith, smaller leaf blade, denser and finer serrate margin, terminal inflorescences occurring only in male plants, racemose cymes, 0.5 - 1.5 cm long, axillary inflorescences only 1-3-flowered, pedicels jointed below middle, petals 2.5 × 1.5 mm, pistillodes in female flowers 1.2 mm long; fruiting pedicels below joint brown, above joint green.
Celastrus L.; C. zhejiangensis; new species; Zhejiang
S718.49
A
1001-3776(2013)05-0100-04
2013-05-21;
2013-08-13
宁波市林业局资助项目“宁波市植物资源调查与数据库建设”
马丹丹(1982-),女,河南洛宁人,实验师,硕士,从事野生花卉的引种与应用研究;*通讯作者。