云图:灵魂六重奏

2013-04-29 00:44张仪
新东方英语 2013年9期
关键词:重奏克隆人山谷

张仪

好莱坞历史上从来都不缺少情节看似彼此独立、实则相互关联的好电影。观众在看完这类电影的一瞬间,往往会有一种醍醐灌顶、恍然大悟的快感。今年年初上映的好莱坞大片《云图》(Cloud Atlas)也是这类“形散神不散”的影片。然而,这部投资上亿美元的大片在北美上映后却票房低迷,收获的评论更是阴阳两极。原因为何,咱们先从影片的六个故事说起。

亚当·尤因(Adam Ewing)的太平洋日记——“复活”

1849年,南太平洋的一个小岛。来自美国旧金山的年轻律师Adam Ewing到此替岳父处理一笔奴隶贸易生意,并结识了“好朋友”Henry Goose医生。在他们同去种植园查看期间,Ewing目睹了黑人奴隶Autua遭受酷刑的情景。后来,Autua偷偷藏在Adam返回旧金山的轮船上,成了一名逃跑的黑奴兼非法偷渡客。在Adam的奋力相助下,Autua不仅保住了性命,还谋得了水手一职。不幸的是,Adam此时已身染重病,生命垂危。为他进行治疗的Henry Goose医生此时却见利忘义,趁火打劫,想把Adam将要带回旧金山的一箱金币据为己有。他骗Adam服下慢性毒药,企图谋财害命。关键时刻,Autua投桃报李,出手相救,最终将Adam平安地带回了家。

对于Adam而言,这次南太平洋岛国之旅无异于一次净化灵魂的旅程。在Autua为他以命相搏之后,在目睹了白人对黑人的残暴之后,他深刻地感受到奴隶制的罪恶与不公。稍稍康复后,Adam便来到岳父Haskell Moore面前,亲手烧毁了他从南太平洋小岛带回的奴隶贸易合同,并联合妻子Tilda一起向顽固坚持蓄奴主义的岳父发起了挑战。

Haskell Moore: Are you insane?!

Adam: I owe my life to a self-freed slave. And I cannot in good conscience participate in this kind of business any longer.

Haskell Moore: Goddamn you, sir, if you were not my daughters husband …

Tilda: Hello, Father.

Haskell Moore: Tilda, whats going on?

Tilda: Ive come to say goodbye.

Haskell Moore: Goodbye? Where are you going?

Adam: Were moving back East, to work with the abolitionists (废奴主义者).

Haskell Moore: What? That poison has rotted your brain.

Adam: Oh yes, I highly recommend it. Ive not felt that good in years.

Haskell Moore: Tilda, I forbid you from going anywhere with this madman.

Tilda: Ive been afraid of you my whole life, father. Im going with my husband.

Haskell Moore: Adam, listen to me. For the sake of my grandson, if not your own, there is a natural order to this world, and those who try to upend (颠倒) it do not fare (过日子,过活) well. This movement will never survive. If you join them, you and your entire family will be shunned (刻意避开). At best, you exist as pariah (被社会遗弃者), to be spat on and beaten. At worst, lynched (用私刑处死或严惩) or crucified. And for what? For what? No matter what you do, it will never amount to anything more than a single drop in a limitless ocean.

Adam: What is an ocean but a multitude of drops?

Adam深信“不积水滴无以成汪洋”,即便自己的力量再微弱,即便自己会被世人误解,被当权者打压,也不能因此放弃对不公制度的反抗。

寄自西德海姆庄园的信——「灵与肉」

1936年,剑桥。年轻的音乐家Robert Frobisher与Rufus Sixsmith是一对同性恋爱人,曾一起在剑桥度过美好的时光。为了金钱和名誉,Robert去往爱丁堡,投靠了居住在西德海姆庄园的大音乐家Vyvyan Ayrs,为其担任乐谱记录员。期间,Robert一直给Sixsmith写信,告知那里所发生的一切。在与Vyvyan相处的那段时间里,Robert这位才华横溢的英俊少年渐渐对长他数十岁的Vyvyan暗生情愫。就在Robert创作《云图六重奏》的一个夜晚,他向Vyvyan表达了自己的爱意。然而,Vyvyan却对Robert的爱慕嗤之以鼻,报以放肆的嘲笑和讥讽。

Vyvyan就此抓住了Robert的把柄,并得寸进尺,以毁掉Robert的名誉为威胁,要求Robert以他的名义完成并发布《云图六重奏》,尽管作品完全是Robert的灵感和心血。在争抢乐谱的过程中,Robert不小心开枪打伤了Vyvyan,从此开始了亡命天涯的生活。在经历了不忠、滥情和错爱之后,Robert成了一个精神出轨者、道德堕落者,一个在情感上背负十字架的罪人。背叛了Sixsmith、离开了Vyvyan的他几乎变得一无所有,所剩的只有灵感和天赋。在生命最后的时光里,Robert一边拼命完成他一生最后也是最伟大的作品——《云图六重奏》,一边在这个过程中完成对Sixsmith的忏悔和对自己灵魂的救赎。在作品完成之际,他也燃尽了生命最后的火花。他写信邀请Sixsmith前往苏格兰赴约相会,却一直不肯露面,躲藏起来偷偷观察爱人。就在Sixsmith即将在旅店找到他的时候,他却抠响了结束生命的扳机,将自己净化过的灵魂和爱情留给了两人的来生。

在展现Robert生命最后时光的片段里,影片使用了大量的独白。这些唯美、忧伤、孤寂的独白宛如苏格兰的夕阳,让人在带着暖意的文字里感受到渐进的绝望。

片段一:在逃亡的那段日子里,Robert每天清晨都会去司各特纪念碑,一边看日出一边思索。

Robert: Sixsmith, I climb the steps of the Scott monument every morning and all becomes clear. Wish I could make you see this brightness. Dont worry. All is well. All is so perfectly, damnably well. I understand now that boundaries between noise and sound are conventions. All boundaries are conventions, waiting to be transcended. One may transcend any convention, if only one can first conceive of doing so. Moments like this, I can feel your heart beating as clearly as I feel my own, and I know that separation is an illusion. My life extends far beyond the limitations of me.

片段二:Robert终于完成了《云图六重奏》的创作。在结束自己的生命之前,他观赏了人生最后一次日出,在晨光中看了前来寻他的爱人最后一眼。

Robert: I finished it (指《云图六重奏》) in a frenzy that reminded me of our last night in Cambridge. Watched my final sunrise, enjoyed the last cigarette. Didnt think the view could be anymore perfect, until I saw that beat-up trilby (指Sixsmith应邀前去找Robert时戴的那顶旧毡帽). Honestly, Sixsmith, as ridiculous as that thing makes you look, I dont believe Ive ever seen anything more beautiful. Watched you for as long as I dared. I dont believe it was a fluke (侥幸;偶然机会) that I saw you first. I believe there is another world waiting for us, Sixsmith. A better world. And Ill be waiting for you there. I believe we do not stay dead long. Find me beneath the Corsican (科西嘉的) stars where we first kissed. Yours eternally. R. F.

路易莎·雷(Luisa Rey)的第一个谜——“罪与罚”

1973年,旧金山。女记者Luisa Rey偶然结识了年老的核物理学家Sixsmith (编注:即上一个故事中的主人公之一)。出于对Luisa的信任,Sixsmith打算把自己写的一份关于石油大亨Lloyd Hooks经营的核电站安全隐患的报告交给Luisa。Luisa按照约定到Sixsmith处取报告,却发现Sixsmith已被Hooks派来的杀手暗杀,报告也被拿走了。在继续追查的过程中,Luisa巧遇科学家Isaac Sachs。Sachs虽深知核电站安全隐患的内幕,却和大多数人一样选择了沉默。对任何人而言,在责任与切身利益、良心与个人安危间做出选择从来都非易事。从渺小到伟大需要一个跨越,而这个跨越往往需要更勇敢的人给予更多的鼓励和勇气,这个人便是Luisa。

Sachs: Theres no good choice here, is there? If I help you, I could lose my job or worse; if I dont … a lot of people … and it will be worse than worse.

Luisa: You have to do whatever you cant not do.

在Luisa的鼓励下,Sachs终于迈出了勇敢的一步。激励Sachs的恐怕不仅是Luisa极富感染力的正义感,更源自他对Luisa的一见钟情。Luisa那刚毅的面庞和犀利的目光打动了Sachs。Sachs为自身的怯懦感到无地自容,而他对Luisa的爱也促使他最终选择承担起应负的责任,向Luisa提供核反应堆的秘密报告。但Sachs似乎始终没有意识到他对Luisa的爱有多深,直到他被暗杀前的那一刻。

Sachs: Belief, like fear or love, is forced to be understood as we understand the theory of relativity and principles of uncertainty, phenomena that determine the course of our lives. Yesterday, my life was headed in one direction. Today, it is headed in another. Yesterday, I believe I would never have done what I did today. These forces that often remake time and space, they can shape and alter who we imagine ourselves to be, begin long before we are born, and continue after we perish. Our lives and our choices, like quantum trajectories (量子轨迹), are understood moment to moment at each point of intersection, each encounter, suggest a new potential direction. Proposition: I have fallen in love with Luisa Rey. Is this possible? I just met her, and yet, I feel like something important has happened to me.

就在Sachs被暗杀的同时,Luisa也身陷险境,在驾车途中被杀手撞入大海。Sachs冒死提供的秘密报告也随即沉入水中。好在Luisa通过自救逃回家中,并在朋友Javier Gomez和Joe Napier的帮助下最终找到了Sixsmith的侄女Megan,拿到了那份让Sixsmith和Sachs付出生命代价的秘密报告。真相最终被公之于众,Hooks也被绳之以法。

蒂莫西·卡文迪什(Timothy Cavendish)的苦难经历——“飞越疯人院”

2012年,伦敦。Timothy Cavendish的出场注定会成为本片最滑稽的片段:他穿着寒酸的西服,戴着蹩脚的领结,留着爱因斯坦式的发型,出现在名流荟萃的“柠檬奖”颁奖晚宴上。他的入场式和整体形象充满了“柠丝”气质,仿佛一个闯进了上流社会的小丑。这个不入流的出版商为一个黑帮作家Dermot Hoggins出版了一本销量极差、评价又低的小说Knuckle Sandwich。令人意想不到的是,与Timothy一同出席的Dermot竟因不满一位批评家对他小说的评价,当着众人的面将那位批评家推下楼,使其当场摔死。更令人意想不到的是,Timothy的人生却因此出现了转机:Dermot的谋杀行为使其小说大卖特卖,而他自己却锒铛入狱,Timothy得以坐收渔翁之利。

Timothy: While deep down, I experienced a nascent (开始形成的) sense of a silver lining (不幸中的一线希望) to this most tragic turn. Overnight, Dermot “Dusty” Hoggins became a cult hero to the common man. Knuckle Sandwich shifted (出售) ninety thousand copies in less than two months. I was for the briefest of moments Cinderella (久遭蔑视忽而走运的人), and all memory of past misfortune receded in the rearview mirror of my dream come true.

正所谓“天下没有免费的午餐”,正当Timothy得意忘形之时,Dermot的手下却找上了门,勒令Timothy在一天之内交出五万英镑。Timothy走投无路,只好求助于他的哥哥Denholme Cavendish。Denholme向来都很嫌弃这个总给他惹事儿的弟弟,对他简直是避之唯恐不及。但这次他却善心大发,主动提出要将Timothy送到一个僻静又安全的栖身之地。Timothy原以为躲进了世外桃源,后来才发现这原来是一个人间地狱般的养老院。失去自由、备受羞辱的Timothy不得不再次打电话向哥哥求助,却由此发现了一个意想不到的阴谋。

Timothy: Denny, its me, Tim.

Denholme: Timothy? Where are you?

Timothy: Ah, I think you ruddy know that where I am.

Denholme: But residents are denied access to phones. Someone smuggled one in?

Timothy: What? You know the rules?

Denholme: I helped write them, Timmy. I have been a principal investor in Aurora House (“曙光之家”养老院) for twelve years. its incredibly lucrative (赚钱多的). You cant believe what people would pay to lock up their parents.

Timothy: Look, Den, youve had your fun. I think its high time you put an end to this little game of yours.

Denholme: No, Timmy. My fun has just begun.

Timothy: What are you talking about? I am your brother. Why are you doing this to me?

Denholme: I think the better question is, it would be, what have you done to deserve this?

Timothy: I dont know what you mean.

Denholme: Oh come on, naughty old brother. Dont insult me. You cant think that I didnt know about you and Georgette (Denholme的妻子)!

Timothy: Georgette? Look, Den. I didnt mean to hurt you.

Denholme: Im afraid your penance (自我惩罚) has come due. Timbo, its time to account for your crimes.

Timothy: Den, Im ... Im so, so sorry.

Denholme: No, no, no. Theres no need to apologize. Your exile is more than enough reparation (弥补). Oh, I do have my fingers crossed for a scenario involving you, nurse Noakes (指养老院凶狠恶毒的护士诺克斯) and a broom handle. Cheer up, Timmy. Bye bye now.

Timothy是一个彻头彻尾的悲剧人物,也是一个不折不扣的投机主义者。他因Dermot入狱而大发横财,却差点招来血光之灾;他虽经常得到哥哥的恩惠,却忘恩负义,与嫂子偷情,最终被哥哥送进养老院受辱。正所谓“what goes around comes around”——出来混,迟早要还的。

那通电话彻底浇灭了Timothy寻求解救的希望,他意识到,要离开这里重获自由只能依靠自己。Timothy联合了三个和他一样人老心不老的老人——Ernie Blancksmith、Mr. Meeks和Veronica Costello——精心策划了一次“越狱”行动。他们成功地骗来了汽车,骗过了护工,最终逃离了“疯人院”。但他们刚刚脱险就急不可耐地跑到一家苏格兰小酒馆里庆祝,实在是让人哭笑不得。养老院的护工们很快便追上了他们,眼看这次“越狱”行动濒于失败,平时最沉默的Mr. Meeks却语出惊人,巧妙地利用苏格兰人和英格兰人之间的矛盾激怒了酒馆里的苏格兰人,使他们对养老院的英格兰护工们大打出手。四个人趁乱再次上演胜利的大逃亡。

星美(Sonmi) 451的记录仪——「V字仇杀队」

2144年,首尔。Sonmi-451是一个克隆人,她和其他克隆人一样,穿着同样的衣服,喝着同样的营养液,在同一家餐饮店服务。她们没有人身自由,没有人格尊严,生杀予夺的权力全都掌控在餐厅老板Lee的遥控器上。但她们并没觉得有什么不妥,期待着服务期满后进入“极乐世界”。Yoona-939也是一个克隆人,但不同的是,她是一个有“思想”的克隆人,向往自由和尊严。她悄悄带Sonmi看了一段电影,并不断重复着电影中的一句台词——“I will not be subjected to criminal abuse”。最终,Yoona以实际的反抗行为证明了她的勇敢,也因此被餐厅老板处死。Yoona就像一条被放进沙丁鱼中的鲶鱼,慢慢搅醒了Sonmi潜意识里的反抗精神。Sonmi逐渐意识到,和人类相比,她们只是被克隆的类人类而已,她们的尊严和生命如同草芥,她们所在的世界没有公平、正义和自由。

一天夜里,Sonmi遇到了反抗组织成员Hae-Joo Chang,并在Hae-Joo的劝说下离开了餐厅。在Hae-Joo的引导下,Sonmi开始重新认识一切。她认识了生命:“Survival often demands some courage.”她认识了自己:“Knowledge is a mirror, and for the first time in my life, I was allowed to see who I was, and who I might become.”她认识了平等:“No matter if were born in a tank (指孕育克隆人的人工池) or a womb (子宫), we are all Pureblood (纯种人).”她甚至打破禁忌,深深爱上了Hae-Joo,与Hae-Joo实现了从灵魂到肉体的交融。

如果说Yoona给了Sonmi启蒙,Hae-Joo则给了Sonmi新生。他让她看到了真相,感受到了爱,让她意识到世界上最珍贵的莫过于真爱、平等和自由,而这些都需要付出勇气和代价来争取。Sonmi最终也加入了反抗组织,和Hae-Joo一起为推翻克隆世界并肩战斗。虽然反抗最终归于失败,但Sonmi代表被压迫者通过广播向全世界发表的革命宣言却深入人心。

Sonmi: To be is to be perceived. And so to know thyself (你自己) is only possible through the eyes of the other. The nature of our immortal lives is in the consequences of our words and deeds that go on and are pushing themselves throughout all time. Our lives are not our own. From womb to tomb, were bound to others, past and present. And by each crime and every kindness, rebirth our future.

思路刹路口及之后所有——「勇敢的心」

人类文明衰落后的第106个冬天,夏威夷大岛。时钟拨到“大衰落”后的2321年,现代科技几近消失,人类文明退回到原始部落时期的水平。Zachry及其族人是生活在夏威夷大岛上的山谷人,他们生性平和,信奉一位叫Sonmi的女神。Zachry经常会在想象中和一个叫Old Georgie的魔鬼对话,这让他内心充满了恐惧。每当Zachry变得犹豫不决、脆弱无助时,Old Georgie就会出现,并威吓Zachry,迫使Zachry听从自己内心深处邪恶的声音,以至于当他的妹夫和外甥在思路刹路口惨遭科纳人(编注:与山谷人生活在同一片土地上的食人族)屠杀时,他却为了保全性命而不敢出手相救,一直躲在石块后面,眼睁睁地看着亲人死在面前。而那个Old Georgie也成了Zachary的梦魇,令他在需要勇气时却变得无比怯懦。

山谷人每年会有两次和先知人(编注:人类文明衰落后一小撮依靠高科技幸存下来的人)进行物物交易的机会。这一次,一位叫Meronym的女先知来到了他们的部落。由于先知人也正走向灭绝,Meronym请求Zachry带她去灵山,以便通过残存的卫星信号发射台向太空发出求救信号。“大衰落”前,地球人曾建立过一批地外殖民地。Meronym希望能联系上那里幸存的同胞,从而得到营救。但Meronym的到来却给Zachry的内心造成巨大冲击,因为在灵山上,她告诉了Zachry一个他不愿相信的事实:山谷人所膜拜的Sonmi不是女神,只是一个命运凄惨的普通克隆人。这无异于彻底摧毁了Zachry及全体山谷人的信仰。

Zachry: The Old Uns (先人,指“大衰落”之前的人类) pray to Sonmi same as Valleysmen (山谷人)?

Meronym: Nay, not zactly same.

Zachry: Whatd you mean down there? bout ... The Old Uns and Valleysmen prayin to Sonmi not zactly the same?

Meronym: Old men ... they were different.

Zachry: Different? How?

Meronym: You want the true-true (真相)? Sonmi was no God. She died hundreds of years ago on a faraway peninsula, dead-landed now.

Zachry: What?

Meronym: I cogg (了解) Valleysmens beliefs. I know Abbess (山谷人部落中的女祭司) teach you Sonmi was a miracle, birthed o Darwin God o Smart, but aint the true-true. Her life was sad n judased (被背叛). She died tryin to change the Old-Uns thinkin.

Zachry: Nay, nay, you-youre lying.

Meronym: Before she died, she spoke of her acts n deedins. Her words are heart-savin blessin, remindin me whats the true-true.

在Zachry的帮助下,Meronym成功地发出了求救信号。但在他们返回部落之时,科纳人正血洗山谷人的家园。曾经的家园惨遭屠戮,自己的妹妹已被敌人杀害,年幼的外甥女也正命悬一线——面对着这一切,Zachry终于爆发出勇者的力量,独自一人向一群科纳人发起反击。Meronym在关键时刻施以援手,帮助Zachry杀死了科纳人。家园已经化为灰烬,整个部落只剩下外甥女这一个亲人。Zachry别无选择,只好带着外甥女和Meronym一道去往另一个星球。家虽然没有了,但只要人在,希望就在。

Zachry: Got no home neither-wise.

Meronym: Nay, not yet.

Zachry: You think someone will gonna hear your prayer, come down from the sky?

Meronym: Perhaps. Perhaps one day.

Zachry: One day aint but a flea o hope.

Meronym: Yay, and fleas aint so easy to rid.

环环相扣的“六重奏”

影片中,六个故事的情节其实并不复杂,都是围绕单一线索展开的。但导演通过一通“神剪”把六个故事先支解,再乱炖,最后熬成了一锅支离破碎的“史诗巨片”。加之很多重要情节一晃而过,许多英语词汇晦涩难懂,因此很多人都没能熬过冗长乏味又不知所云的开头。还有一些人虽然坚持看完了影片,却也是云里雾里、不知所云。

这六个故事的内在联系究竟是什么?我们有必要回放一下电影。在第一个故事里,Adam Ewing一直在写航海日记。而在第二个故事里,Robert在给Sixsmith的信中就曾提到过这本日记。

Robert: My only problem is that I accidentally got hooked on (迷上) a journal written in 1849 by a dying lawyer during the voyage from the Pacific islands to San Francisco. To my great annoyance, the pages cease mid-sentence. Half the book is missing. Its completely killing me. Could you be a mensch (好人) and when youre next foraging (搜寻) at Ottos Books, make an inquiry? A half finished book is, after all, a half finished love affair.

此外,影片镜头也曾数次扫过日记的封皮——The Pacific Journal of Adam Ewing。第二个故事与第三个故事间的联系比较好理解。Luisa曾到唱片店里寻找《云图六重奏》的唱片,并将Robert与Sixsmith的书信交还给了Sixsmith的侄女Megan。第三个故事与第四个故事间的联系就很隐秘了。在第四个故事里,当Timothy乘坐火车前往养老院时,镜头曾扫过他正在看的一部书稿——Half-Lives: The First Luisa Rey Mystery,而作者正是第三个故事中Luisa的好朋友Javier Gomez。如果观众足够细心就会发现,当Luisa将事实公之于众后,Luisa与Javier曾有过这样一段对话。

Javier: This would make such a good book.

Luisa: Ill drink to that.

第四个故事与第五个故事间的联系则是Yoona给Sonmi看的那部电影的片段,后来Hae-Joo曾陪Sonmi看完了整部电影。那部电影的名字叫做The Ghastly Ordeal of Timothy Cavendish,正是根据第四个故事中Timothy Cavendish的逃跑经历改编的。Sonmi牺牲以后化身为山谷人的女神,成为第五个和第六个故事之间的线索。

虽然六个故事内容不同,但主题一致。每个故事中的主人公都面临各种各样的桎梏和枷锁:基于种族和肤色的歧视,基于性取向的偏见,利益集团对个人命运的操控,强者对弱势群体的漠视和压迫,集权对思想和自由精神的禁锢,以及心中无名的怯懦和恐慌。这些束缚林林总总,或有形,或无形;或来自于外界,或来自于内心。然而,人生来向往平等和自由,无论肤色、种族、性别、性取向、年龄、出身或阶级如何。但要实现平等和自由,却要付出努力和代价。总之,如果用一句话概括影片的中心思想,那就是——“I will not be subjected to criminal abuse”。

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