单项填空题:题干小变化,答案大不同

2013-04-29 00:44黄连英廖宝翔
求学·理科版 2013年9期
关键词:故用题组连词

黄连英 廖宝翔

在做英语单项填空题时,最重要的是抓住题干中的关键词,因为它们决定了试题的答案。而若更换了关键词,句子的意思、逻辑关系、句式结构、时态等就会发生变化,答案自然也就大不相同。本文将对2013年高考英语单項填空题中的一些经典题目进行更换关键词改编,希望对师生备考起到抛砖引玉的作用。平时适当进行类似的训练,可达到举一反三、触类旁通之效果。

一、时态的转换

题组一:一般现在时和一般过去时的转换

1. On Monday mornings it usually me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.(2013陕西卷)

2. On Monday morning it me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance was only 20 miles.

A. takes B. is taking C. took D. will take

答案与解析:A;C。题1根据从句中的is可知叙述的是经常性发生的动作,故用一般现在时。题2根据从句中的was可知叙述的是过去发生的动作,故用一般过去时。

解题规律:复合句中,句子主干谓语的时态应根据从句谓语的时态判断。

题组二:现在完成时与一般过去时的转换

1. Shakespeares play Hamlet into at least ten different films over the past years.(2013北京卷)

2. Shakespeares play Hamlet into at least ten different films in the past.

A. had been made B. was made

C. has been made D. would be made

答案与解析:C;B。题1根据时间“over the past years”可知要用现在完成时态,故选C;题2根据时间“in the past”则要用一般过去时,故选B。

解题规律:简单句中,谓语的时态根据时间状语判断。

二、句式的转换

题组三:not…until的强调句与倒装句的转换

1. Not until he went through real hardship _____the love we have for our families is important.(2013福建卷)

2. It was not until he went through real hardship that _____the love we have for our families is important.

A. had he realized B. did he realize

C. he realized D. he had realized

答案与解析:B;C。题1中not until…放在句首,后面的句子采用部分倒装结构,realize动作发生在“经历”之后,故用一般过去时。题2考查固定句型not…until的强调句,其句型结构为:It was not until…that+句子(陈述语序),故选C。

解题规律:特殊句式中,主干的谓语形式应根据句式结构来判断。

题组四:定语从句和并列句的转换

1. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come true.(2013安徽卷)

2. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, and made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come true.

A. it B. that C. what D. which

答案与解析:D;A。句意均为:莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖,这使中国人长期的一个梦想实现了。题1是考查定语从句,此处是非限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句,故选D;题2是and连接的并列句子,空格处代替前面整个句子,要用it,故选A。

解题规律:非限制性定语从句和并列句的区别在于逗号后有没有并列连词。

三、逻辑关系的转换

题组五:顺承关系与转折关系的转换

1. Read this story, _______ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.(2013四川卷)

2. Read this story, _______ you wont realize that not everything can be bought with money.

A. or B. and C. but D. so

答案与解析:B;A。题1句意:读这个故事,然后你就会明白并不是所有东西都能用钱买到。此处表顺承关系,故用and。题2句意:读这个故事,否则你就不会明白并不是所有东西都能用钱买到。此处表转折关系,故用or。

解题规律:表条件的祈使句型“祈使句 +and/or + 陈述句”中,顺承或转折关系取决于陈述句表达的是肯定还是否定意思。

题组六:时间状语从句中连词的转换

1. I have heard a lot of good things about you I came back from abroad.(2013陕西卷)

2. I had heard a lot of good things about you I came back from abroad.

A. since B. until C. before D. when

答案與解析:A;C。题1句意:自从我从国外回来,我就听说了很多关于你的好事。since意为“自从……以来”。题2句意:从国外回来之前,我听说了很多关于你的好事。before意为“在……之前”。

解题规律:时间状语从句中,连词应根据句子的意思和主句、从句动作发生的先后来判断,而动作发生的先后顺序应根据主句和从句中谓语的时态来判断。

题组七:条件状语与目的状语的转换

1. I took my driving license with me on holiday, I wanted to hire a car.(2013北京卷)

A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only

2. I took my driving license with me on holiday I could hire a car.

A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. so that

答案与解析:A;D。题1句意:我在度假时随身带着驾照,以防自己需要租车。句子前后是条件关系,故选in case表“以防,万一”。题2句意:我在度假时随身带着驾照,以便我能租到车。so that表目的时往往要加情态动词。

解题规律:in case引导的条件状语从句与 so that引导的目的状语从句的区别在于是否有情态动词。

题组八:条件状语从句中连词的转换

1. _______ we have enough evidence, we cant win the case.(2013重庆卷)

A. Once B. As long as C. Unless D. Since

2._______ we have enough evidence, we can win the case.

A. Even if B. As long as C. Unless D. Since

答案与解析:C;B。题1句意:除非有足够的证据,否则我们不能胜诉。题2句意:只要有足够的证据,我们就能胜诉。Once意为“一旦”; as long as意为“只要”;unless意为“除非”;since意为“既然”;even if意为“即使”。

解题规律:条件状语从句中,连词应根据句子的意思来确定。

四、词语、短语的转换

题组九:同义搭配的转换

1. The watch was very good, and he 20 percent down for it.(2013新课标II卷)

2. The watch was very good, and he 20 percent down on it.

A. paid B. cost C. bought D. spent

答案与解析:A;D。这两句的句意为:这块手表非常不错,他以20%的折扣价买下了它。Pay的固定搭配为“pay… for sth.”, spend的固定搭配为“spend… on sth.”。

解题规律:固定搭配的考查中,介词是解题的关键。

题组十:不同搭配的转换

1. David is animal fur, so he wont visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house.(2013安徽卷)

A. curious about B. allergic to

C. satisfied with D. fond of

2. David is animal fur, so he will visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house.

A. anxious about B. allergic to

C. satisfied with D. fond of

答案与解析:B;D。题1句意:戴维对动物皮毛过敏,所以他不会拜访家里有猫或者狗的人。“对……过敏”是导致“不拜访”的原因,故选B。题2句意:戴维喜欢动物皮毛,所以他乐意拜访家里有猫或者狗的人。“喜欢”是导致“拜访”的原因,故选D。

解题规律:在短语辨析题中,短语的选择由句子意思决定,要特别留意句子中表示“肯定”或“否定”意思的词。

题组十一:不定代词的转换

1. Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but dont like ____ of them very much.(2013山东卷)

A. either B. any C. each D. another

2. Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but like ____ of them very much.

A. either B. any C. each D. neither

答案与解析:A;D。句意均为:我在纽约和芝加哥住过,但我不喜欢它们中的任何一个。either指“两者中任何一个”,而 neither指“两者都不”。

解题规律:不定代词的考查中,要同时关注代词本身是表示“肯定”还是“否定”及句子中表示“肯定”或“否定”意思的词。

题组十二:状语从句中关联词的转换

1. I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start. (2013山东卷)

2. I have to give a speech to, I get extremely nervous before I start.

A. Whatever B. Whenever

C. Whoever D. However

答案与解析:B;C。考查让步状语从句的关联词。题1从句中句式结构完整,要选一个连接副词,A和C先排除,根据句意容易判断答案为B。题2从句中缺少宾语,要选连接代词,根据句意选择C。

解题规律:让步状语从句中,关联词的选择取决于其在从句中充当的成分及从句要表达的意思。

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