从高考实例谈如何培养学生阅读理解的猜词技巧

杨彩霞

“得阅读者得天下”，作为高考的重头戏，阅读理解的分数往往决定了英语考试的总分。而在做阅读理解时，生词往往又成为学生的拦路虎。因此，猜词能力就显得尤为重要。本文通过高考实例列举了一些常见的猜词技巧，以帮助学生培养猜词能力。

一、高考阅读理解猜词题常见提问方式

1. Which of the following words can best take the place of the word “relish” in the second paragraph？（2010全国卷）

2.The underlined word “descendants” in the last paragraph means a persons _____.（2010江苏高考）

3.The underlined word“swimmingly” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.（2011广东）

4.What does the underlined word “dilapidated” probably mean？（2011重庆）

二、常见的阅读理解猜词技巧

1.通过定义或解释说明猜词

如，2010江苏阅读理解A篇的生词题就可以借助定义或解释说明，得出答案为A。

Some family names were made by adding something to the fathers name. English-speaking people added -sor -sons. The Johnsons are descendants of John.

The underlined word “descendants” in the last paragraph means a persons ___.

A. later generations B. friends and relatives

C. colleagues and partners D. later sponsors

通过定义或解释说明法猜测生词时常借助一些信号词，如be called, mean, as...as...，refer to, in other words， to put it another way,或者破折号等。

2.通过对比关系猜词

如，2011重庆A篇的生词通过对比可以得出答案为C。

There was a gardener who looked after his garden with great care.To water his flowers, he used two buckets. One was a shiny and new bucket. The other was a very old and dilapidated one.

What does the underlined word “dilapidated” probably mean？

A.dirty B. dark

C. worn-out D. plain-looking

常见的表示对比关系的信号词有but, however, yet, while, otherwise, though, instead of,on the contrary,in contrast等。

3.通过因果关系猜词

如，2005上海A篇的生词通过因果关系可以得出答案为B。

“But”，said Kim，“I feel that since you are my superior,it would be presumptous of me to tell you what to do.”

The word “presumptous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “_______”.

A.full of respect

B.too confident and rude

C. lacking in experience

D. too shy and quiet

常见的表示因果关系的信号词有because,since, as, for, due to, owing to,as a result of,because of,on account of,thanks to, so,therefore, thus, so...that,such...that等。

4.通过同义词猜词

如，2010重庆A篇的生词通过同义词猜词可得出答案为B。

... I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man, who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone...

What does the underlined word “disheveled”mean？

A. unfriendly B. untidy

C. gentle D. kind

常见的表示同义关系的信号词有or, and, like , as...as, the same as等。

5.通过举例猜词

如，2005年江苏E篇的生词题通过举例可选出答案为B。

...William Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together.”...

The underlined word “mingled” in the lastparagraph most probably means ________.

A.simple B.mixed

C.sad D.happy

常见的表示举例法的信号词有such, such as, like, for example，for instance等。

总之，教师在平时的教学中应注重培养学生的猜词技巧，这样有助于学生扩大词汇量，从而提高阅读兴趣。

（作者单位 江苏省南京六十六中学）