院士风采

杨廷宝1901.10.02～1982.12.23

建筑学家、建筑教育家。河南南阳人。1921年毕业于清华大学。南京工学院副院长、教授。我国近代建筑设计科学的重要创始人之一。在创造具有我国特色的建筑风格上，做出了重大贡献。50多年来，完成了100多项各种类型的建筑工程设计。在设计工作中主张博采各家之长，兼容并蓄，勇于创新，注重因地制宜，强调符合国情。他的设计具有稳健、凝重、严谨、庄重的风格。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Architect and educationist on architecture.Born in Nanyang,Henan Province.Graduated from Tsinghua University in 1921.Vice provincial governor, Jiangsu Province, and professor and vice president,Nanjing Polytechnic University.

Yang was one of the important founders of modern architecture design science in China.He made great contributions to creating Chinese characteristics in architecture.He completed more than 100 architectural engineering designs of various types in more than 50 years.He stressed to absorb the advantages of different schools, to be inventive, to adopt suitable measures to local conditions and to conform to the national condition.His style of design was steady, imposing,rigorous and solemn.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

李 强1905.09.26～1996.09.29

无线电专家。江苏常熟人。1923年就读于上海东华大学（原南洋路矿专科学校）土木科。对外经贸经济合作部教授。1928年受中共中央委托，担负研究无线电收发报机的任务。1929年春，研制成功我党第一批无线电收发报机。党中央用此机器开始向各城市、各苏区通报。1931年在苏联有点人民委员会研究员工作，主要研究电器远距离通讯。曾研制大功率无线电发射机，运用物理学分析，研究过各种无线电发射天线，演算出发射菱形天线的计算公式，对其它天线，如超低水平天线、德律风天线等也研究了计算公式。1947年负责解放区的电讯工作，领导制造了大功率发射机和定向天线。中华人民共和国成立后，接受了国民党部分省市

的广播电台，创建了大功率的广播机和中波广播天线。1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Radio electronics specialist.Born in Changshu, Jiangsu Province.Entered the Department of Civil Engineering, Shanghai Donghua University (originally the Nanyang College of Railway and Mining ) in 1923.Professor, Ministry of Foreign Trade, and consultant, the State Council.

Entrusted by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Li was in charge of investigating radio transmitter-receiver.In the Spring of 1929, he successfully developed the first batch of radio transmitter-receivers for the Communist Party.The Central Committee used them to communicate with cities and Chinese Soviet Areas.He worked in the Academy of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of the Soviet Union in 1931, mainly studying long distance telecommunication.He studied and manufactured high power radio transmitters.Based on physical analyses, he studied various types of radio transmission antenna and obtained a formula for calculating rhombus transmission antenna.He also investigated calculation formulae of other types of antenna, such as antenna with ultralow level.He was in charge of the telecommunication work in the Liberated Areas in 1947 and led the development of high power transmitters and directional antenna.After the founding of the P.R.China, he was in charge of taking over some broadcasting stations of the Kuomintang regime and the development of high power broadcasting transmitters and broadcasting antenna in medium wave.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

李薰1913.11.20～1983.03.20

物理冶金学家。湖南邵阳人。1936年毕业于湖南大学。1940年获英国雪菲尔德大学冶金学院哲学博士学位，1951年获冶金学科学博士学位。中国科学院副院长、中国科学院金属研究所研究员。在飞机引擎主轴断裂原因的研究中，发现钢中氢脆的奥秘和规律，证明了钢的内部发裂是由于氢的存在引起的，并以扩散、溶解度和钢的结构等关系，阐明了不同温度下钢材尺寸大小、时间与钢中氢含量的关系，对世界各国钢铁技术一直有着非常重大的影响。在他的领导下中国科学院金属研究所开拓了铀冶金、铸造高温合金、难熔金属、高温物理性能测试、稀土在钢中应用等研究领域并取得许多重要成果。为中国第一颗原子弹、第一颗重返地面人造卫星、第一架超音速喷气飞机、第一艘核潜艇提供关键材料做出了重要贡献。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Physical metallurgist.Born in Shaoyang, Hunan Province.Graduated from Hunan University in 1936.Rcecived Ph.D.from Sheffield University, UK in 1940 and D.Met.In 1951.Research professor and first director, Institute of Metals Research and vice president, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

During his early years in UK, Li discovered the secrete and the principle of hydrogen brittleness in steels when he conducted a research project of seeking out the cause of an accidental crack in aircraft engine shaft.He proved that the internal hair-crack in steel is due to the existence of hydrogen in the material.From the view point of diffusion, solubility and structure of steel, he expounded the relationship of time-temperature-size and hydrogen content in steel products, which produced great impact on the iron and steel technology in the world and made him the acknowledged pioneer in this field.Under his leadership, scientists in the Institute of Metals Research studied uranium metallurgy, high temperature cast alloys,refractory metals and alloys, measurements of physical properties of materials under high temperature cast alloys, refractory metals and alloys, measurements of physical properties of materials under high temperature, and application of rare earth in steel and so on.Several important achievements have been made, such as the increase of the yield and the improvement of the quality of steel production,the construction of Wuhan and Baotou iron and steel plants and the establishment of the alloy steel system of Chinese grade.He made great contributions to the research and development of key materials used in the first atomic bomb, first recovery satellite, first supersonic aircraft and first atomic submarine in China.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

李文采1906.06.06～2000.03.01

钢铁冶金学家。湖南永顺人。1931年毕业于上海交通大学。冶金工业部北京钢铁研究总院高级工程师。1949年后，参加上海区的重工业企业的接管工作，整顿了上海的各钢铁厂，成立了上海国营钢铁公司。还规划了沪、杭、宁的电力网工程。1954年～1958年期间，配合各大钢铁联合企业的矿石、煤焦、耐火材料检验等方面的基本建设工程的需要，组织领导了大量的试验研究工作。首次在我国半吨转炉试验了纯氧顶吹，炼成合格铁水数百余炉，进行过真空下铸铁和连续铸锭试验。完成了型焦（热压焦）的实验室试验工作，参加了太原钢铁厂和福州的型焦半工业性试验。在首钢、包钢、淄博硫酸厂、湛江钢厂进行熔融铁矿用炭还原制取铁水的试验，都得到了预期的结果。在综合利用我国矿产资源和钢铁工业技术改造方面，向有关部门提出许多建议。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Iron and steel metallurgist.Born in Yongshun, Hunan Province.Graduated from Shanghai Jiaotng University in 1931.Senior engineer,Beijing Iron and Steel Research Institute, Ministry of Metallurgical Industry.

After the liberation in 1949, Li took part in the takingover of heavy industrial enterprises in Shanghai and was engaged in the establishment of Shanghai State Iron and Steel Corporation after adjustment and consolidation of various iron and steel works in Shanghai.He planned the electrical power network in Shanghai, Hangzhou and Nanjing.During the period between 1954 to 1958, he organized and took charge of a large amount of test and research work on the inspection of crude ore, coking coal and refractory materials in the capital construction of major integrated iron and steel works.He was the first in China to test the top-blown pure oxygen converter and smelted more than hundred heats of qualified steel.He conducted the test of vacuum steel casting and continuous casting.He completed the laboratory test for form-coke,and took part in its pilot plant test in Taiyuan Iron and Steel Works and in Fuzhou.He carried out the experiments of iron making through smelting reduction process in Shuduo and Batou iron and steel plants,Zibo Sulfuric Plant and Zhanjiang Steel Works, with useful results obtained.He also made many proposals to the relevant departments concerning the comprehensive utilization of mineral resources and the technical transformation of China’s iron and steel industry.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.