院士风采

靳树梁1909.01.03～2001.01.01

冶金学家。河北徐水人。1920年毕业于北洋大学。东北工学院院长、教授。参加拆迁汉阳和六河沟钢铁厂至大渡口，以及组建威远钢铁厂。1943年因改进高炉炉顶布料装置获中国工程师学会论文奖，并先后获几项发明专利。1949年后，在恢复鞍钢和本钢生产中，深入实际，卓有成效。在任东北工学院院长期间，经常到工厂研究解决生产中的问题，如领导本溪高炉结瘤的研究，领导总结高炉强化经验，研究高炉降料理论，提出“风口区焦炭运动规律——袋式效应”、悬料机理、造渣理论等。领导教研室开展攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿高炉冶炼的科学研究，取得突破性成就。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Metallurgist. Born in Xushui, Hebei Province. Graduated from Beiyang University in 1920. Professor and president, Northeast Engineering College.

Jin constructed the Liuhegou, Dadukou, Weiyuan and other steel works. He was awarded the thesis prize of Chinese Engineers Society for his improvement of the distribution to the device of blastfurance in 1943 and received some invention patents. During the restoration of Anshan and Benxi steel works, he went right to the practice and achieved great success since 1949. When he was the president of Northeast Engineering College, he often went down to the factories to investigate and solve production problems. He instructed the study of Benxi blastfurnace nodule, the summary of the intensified experience of blastfurnace, the descending theory and pocket effect of blast tuyere, the hanging mechanism, the theory of slag making and so on. He led his teaching and research section to carry out scientific research on blastfurnace smelting of V-Ti magnetic mineral in Panzhihua and made a breakthrough.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

雷天觉1913.01.29～2005.11.04

机械学专家。湖南浏阳人。1935年毕业于北平大学工学院。机械工业部机械科学研究院高级工程师。几十年来在精密计量、精密加工、机械设计、静压技术等领域做出了重要贡献。研制成工具磨床、内圆磨床和镗床，达到当时国际水平。研制成离心加油式高速滑动轴承和角式光波干涉仪，均已用于磨床设计。还研究了调相式变量油泵，被国外引用生产。60年代负责研制1/10秒的分度机构，该装置的精度达到了国际同类仪器的先进水平。还与人合作并负责研制成具有独特优点的结构简单的台阶式静压螺帽和静压式轴承。主持跨音速风洞用的柔壁喷管的技术工作。开发了振动试验台激振器用弹性流体静压轴承。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Machinery expert. Born in Liuyang, Hunan Province, Graduated from the Engineering College, Peking University in 1935. Senior engineer, Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering Ministry of Machine-Building Industry.

Lei has made important contributions in the fields of precision measurement, precision finishing machine design and techniques of hydrostatic and aerostatic support of rubbing surfaces. He successfully manufactured the cutter grinders, internal grinders and boring machines which reached the then world advanced level, and the high speed sliding bearings with centrifugal lubrication as well as light interferometer which measured angles to an accuracy up to 0.002 second. He also investigated phase-modulation variable oil pump which was exported and produced by foreign countries. In the 1960s, he was responsible for developing an angle-dividing device with precision of 1/10 second, which was of the world advanced level. He is also responsible for successfully developing several types of hydrostatic supported screw and nut. In addition, he directed the technical work of manufacturing the nozzle with flexible walls used in the transonic wind tunnel and developed the elastic fluid hydrostatic bearing used in the vibration exciter of vibration testing mount.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

褚应璜1908.03.16～1985.04.21

电机制造专家。浙江嘉兴人。1931年毕业于上海交通大学。机械工业部科技司顾问、研究员。30年代首次研究成功我国中小型交流异步电动机系列产品。主持设计了哈尔并电机厂第一期工程，组织研制了800千瓦、3000千瓦、10000千瓦水轮发电机组；负责坚定了我国第一台汽轮发电机（6000千瓦）；负责筹建了电器科学研究院；组织编写了《十二年科技发展规划》的电工部分；指导研制了十万千瓦水轮发电机组，为我国自己生产大型水电机组奠定了基础；负责国际电工标准的技术咨询与推广工作，主持制定了中国电压、电流与频率等级标准；组织我国中小型电动机及低压电器新系列的统一设计，为我国电器工业的发展做出了贡献。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Specialist in electric machine manufacturing. Born in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province. Graduated from Shanghai Jiaotong University in 1931. Research professor and advisor, Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Machinery-Building Industry.

In the 1930s, Chu successfully developed for the first time the series of alternating synchronous motors of medium or low power. He directed and designed the first-stage engineering project of the Harbin Electric Machines Plant. He organized and developed water turbogenerator sets of 800Kw, 3,000Kw and 10,000Kw, took the responsibility for appraising the first Chinese made 6,000Kw steam turbogenerator, and established the Institute of Science of Electrical Appliances. He organized the drawing of the electrical engineering part in the Twelve-Year Scheme for the Development of Science and Technology and guided the development of 100,000Kw hydroelectric generating set, laying foundation for the production of Chinese made high-power hydroelectric units. He took the responsibility for the technological consultation and popularization of the international electrotechnical standard in China, directed the formulation of grade scales for voltage, current and frequency in China and organized the unified design of new series of electromotors and low-voltage electrical apparatus of low and medium power, making contributions to the development of electrical apparatus industry in China.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

蔡方荫1901.04.27～1963.12.13

土木建筑结构专家。江西南昌人。1925年毕业于清华大学。1928年获美国麻省理工学院硕士学位。建筑工程部建筑科学研究院副院长兼总工程师。在学术贡献方面，分析和总结了国内外常用一般刚构分析方面的各种“力矩一次分配法”，并提出了更简化实用的方法，同时提出了计算变截面梁、柱的“I0/I图钜面积法”来计算各挠曲常数。在对横梁为桁梁的刚构方面，采取了简便而切合实用的“柱顶力钜作用”和“桁架跨变影响”两项准则，简化地按一般刚构分析方法进行计算，能获得与“最小功法”和“”冗力法同样精确的结果。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Expert in civil engineering architectural structure. Born in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province. Graduated from Tsinghua University in 1925. Received MS from MIT,USA in 1928. Vice president and chief engineer, Chinese Research Institute for Building Sciences. Ministry of Building Engineering.

Cai analyzed and summed up various forms of the “One-step momentum distribution method” in general rigid structureanalysis conventionally used and forwarded a more simplified and practical method. Meanwhile, he proposed the I0/I chart rectangular area method for calculating the beams and columns of varying cross-sections to calculate the deflection constants. In the respect of rigid structure using the main beam as the grid formation, he adopted two simplified and practical criteria, the co.umn top momentum action and the grid formation spanning effect, to conduct the calculation concisely following the general rigid structure analysis, achieving results as precise as those of the minimum work method and redundant force method.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.