鲜花美酒送君行

张科

离龙年的春节还有三天，著名老报人、浙籍作家徐开垒离我们而去。前一晚他因身体不适被送到上海瑞金医院,昏迷后再也没有醒过来。九十高龄的老人平静地告别了这个世界。

他是我熟悉的长者。此时此刻，他那清癯的面庞、满头的白发、儒雅的神态，连同那一本本的著作清晰地浮现在我的脑海……

1922年3月，徐开垒出生于宁波城内一个银行职员之家。这是一个带有开明色彩的封建家庭。他在当时宁波最大的小学“翰香小学”毕业后，进了著名的“效实中学”。1936年10月，在读初中二年级的时候，一朵偶然的生活浪花，激起了他最初的写作灵感。他写下了一篇短文《两个泥水匠》，投寄给上海叶圣陶、丰子恺等人主编的《新少年》半月刊，结果不但很快发表，而且在众多同类题材的稿件中，名列榜首。不久，他又写了第二篇作品《这是事实》，再次在《新少年》上发表。这两篇作品的发表成了徐开垒从事文学创作的发端，也是他走上散文创作道路的起点，如他自己所说：“由于这两次鼓励，决定了我以后长期从事文学创作和新闻写作的命运。”

1983年8月,徐开垒参加中国作协上海分会组织的一次活动，来到了他的故乡宁波。一个夜晚，我到他下榻的饭店去看望他。他告诉我,这是他第三次回故乡。“我的老家就在灵桥脚下的君子街，从药行街穿过用石板铺砌的小巷，就是我家的寓所。这次我去看了这古老的住宅。我在这里度过了十五个年头，记得每到上学时分，我就在巷口等候我的小伙伴同去学堂。母亲对我的学业产生了极大的影响,是她一声声叮嘱我一定要读好书。而老师的不倦教授使我打下扎实的文学基础。 ”说到小学里的语文老师张守瑜，他感激得动容。宁波是他童年生活的家园、文学生涯的摇篮。岁月悠悠，家楼安然。这里的每一扇门窗，都曾记录他儿时的叫喊与欢笑，这里的一景一物，都会唤起他甘美的回忆与缠绵的乡情。

离别故乡去上海后，徐开垒由初中升入高中，又由高中考入暨南大学文学院。上世纪三四十年代,在风雨如晦、大夜弥天的“孤岛”时期,他在柯灵主编的《文汇报 •世纪风》副刊上发表了一系列散文篇什，抒诉民众疾苦，描摹世态炎凉,呼唤黎明的降临。

1949年徐开垒进文汇报社，担任记者、编辑，文艺副刊《笔会》主编。《竞赛》《雕塑家传奇》《新安江灯火》《围垦区随笔》等散文作品唱出的是对新生活、新人物的颂歌，跳荡着明快、昂扬的旋律，充满了催人奋发向上的新生活的澎湃热情和新时代的强烈气息。

十年动乱时期，他被迫离开报社，搁笔达14年之久。在百卉流芳的春天，他回到报社工作，重新担任文汇报《笔会》副刊主编。他作品基调更深沉了，风格更明丽了。《幽林里的琴声》，是徐开垒自“文革”以来的第一篇作品。这篇作品成为徐开垒向新的散文创作目标迈进的起点。继他的小说特写集《孟小

ZHEJIANG CELEBRITIES浙籍名人

2000年，徐开垒在楼外楼金秋笔会上。

Xu Kailei at a writers get-together, a cultural program sponsored by Lou-wailou Restaurant, in the autumn of 2000

妹》于1981年出版之后，反映他散文创作历程的《雕塑家传奇》散文集也于上世纪80年代初问世。接着他的新的散文集《圣者的脚印》《鲜花与美酒》以及《笼里》又相继出版。这是徐开垒散文创作在更高水平和层次上的回归。

名篇《雕塑家传奇》《白玉兰》写的是浙江美院老一代著名雕塑家周轻鼎充满传奇色彩的艺术生涯。散文集《鲜花与美酒》是生活的赐予。新安江是作家上世纪50年代多次深入生活的地方,作家把新安江与葛洲坝连接起来，用激情和热泪织成那动人的篇章《坝上一家人》。在《生命的乐章》《幽林里的琴声》《团圆》等作品中，作家那炽热的情思，千丝万缕，有时寄托于家事琐闻，有时萦绕于明山秀水，有时交融于浩月幽林,有时凝聚于戈壁绿洲……

他每出版一本集子,都会用钢笔工整地题签后寄赠给我。如今在我的书柜中整齐地排列着他赠予的著作。有几年我在省文联从事文艺研究工作,当他得知我准备写他的散文艺术论文时,很快把一些有关的资料寄给了我。

1976年秋“四人帮”被粉碎，徐开垒就到巴金家中约稿。巴金的《一封信》在《文汇报》发表后，就好像文坛复苏的第一声春雷，引起了各方很大的反响。他说，短短半个月内，就引来了国内外几百封读者来信，表示对这篇文章的赞扬和肯定，并抒发了对巴金的感情，单是要他们直接转给巴金的信就达

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一百五十多封。《一封信》刊出第二年，徐开垒主持的《文汇报》副刊先后刊出了卢新华的《伤痕》、宗福先的《入党》、郑义的《枫》等作品。当时,文坛冰封并未消融，刊发这样的作品需要勇气和魄力。徐开垒态度鲜明，竭力主张发表。作为一位跨越几个时代的资深报人，徐开垒对中国文学事业的繁荣和新中国报纸副刊的昌盛作出了自己的积极贡献。

徐开垒先生是1988年离休的，但他离而不休，仍一如既往地在文坛上辛勤耕耘。那年应上海文艺出版社之邀，得到巴金同意，徐开垒开始写《巴金传》。他告诉我,“这也是我创作生涯中，用力较大、费时较多、影响较大的作品”。

《巴金传》耗费了徐开垒整整4年的时间，其间他由巴金之弟李济生陪同访问了巴老的出生地——成都，访问了巴金的堂弟、侄子。徐开垒大体上弄清了巴老大家族百年来的变迁。此外，他还不辞辛劳地采访了巴金先生的许多朋友，如上海的钱君匋、朱雯、赵家璧、师陀、王辛笛、柯灵、王西彦、黄裳等，还拜访了北京的冰心和巴金青年时代挚友、四川大学的老教授卢剑波等人。《巴金传》的写作深得传主本人认同,巴金

年写的《最后的话》中说；“我 3991在

《巴金和他的同时代人》一书封面。封面上图为徐开

垒与巴金在一起。

This is the cover of “Ba Jin and His Contemporaries”, a

book by Xu Kailei. In the picture is Ba Jin and Xu Kailei.

为什么坚持在传记的十四卷做事，低调做人。他温文尔雅,对朋友、对

末作为附录插进与徐开垒同下辈平和朴实，是一个心地善良的长者。

志的对谈呢？我想让读者明这次笔会从上海虹桥开到杭州西子湖

白一件事情，我不能离开人民畔、又到绍兴兰亭，我们朝夕相处,这是

……”1993年，53万字的《巴我与徐开垒先生接触时间最长的一次。

金传》终于完成。传记先是在“月是故乡明”。徐开垒对浙江、

《小说界》连载，尔后于1996对故乡充满着深厚的感情。上世纪八十

年6月出版，2003年先后两次年代初浙江日报副刊约他为“寄语故再版再印。乡”专栏写文章，他很快就写了《岁月冲

2000年9月20日,一场桂花香里的淡不了我对她的怀念——我和我的宁金秋笔会聚集了一批曾经在中国现当代波故乡》一文，回忆了他在故乡的生活文学史上留下了足迹的老一辈学者、文和自己的创作历程，深情地写道：“故乡人。徐开垒从他居住的上海新华路文缘永远在我的记忆之中，因为我的生活从村被接到楼外楼上海虹桥分店参加笔这里开始，我学习文学创作也是在这里会开幕式。他面容清癯，仪态和蔼，显得迈开第一步。 ”1984年应邀在浙江文艺很开心。第二天晚上,钱江晚报记者在他出版社出版了散文集《圣者的脚印》。下榻的金溪山庄采访了他。我记得那天他他在书跋中写道：“这本书由浙江文艺主要谈了如何看待历史散文问题,也谈到出版社出版，我更期待着浙江乡亲们对散文的题材、语言和特色。在楼外楼的厅我热情的关切，与诚恳的帮助。 ”他写堂、席间，在满觉陇的桂花树下，在城隍的《巴金传》在全国各地热销、脱销。阁的茶楼，我们聊当时的文学现象,聊散1992年1月27日他又为《浙江日报》增刊文的欣赏与创作。他多次明确地说：“散写了《我写〈巴金传〉——向浙江乡亲们文是作家直接表达感情的文学形式，汇报》一文。1993年《东海》月刊约他写它比任何文学形式更需要真情实感。”稿，他写了《宁波,我的母亲》一文，抒发他还强调“不要忘记，散文也应当写人了他对故乡的缕缕情思：“宁波故乡，我物”，“散文也可以塑造艺术典型”。的母亲，它永远牵连着我们每一位离乡

参加这次笔会时，他把出版不久游子的赤诚之心。”的散文集《巴金和他的同时代人》送给作为著名的散文作家，徐开垒在散我。打开还散发着油墨香的集子，我发文园地里辛勤躬耕，不懈地探索和追求现他遨游在回忆的大海里，从各个不同散文艺术。他的作品得到许多前辈名家视角，为读者留下了巴金、曹禺、冰心、和评论家的首肯、赞许，被称为“真正的王统照、丰子恺、叶圣陶、柯灵、沈尹散文”。他的散文构思精巧,蕴藉含蓄,默、王任叔等文化名人的印象，一片断、言近而旨远，调高而韵长，其风格清丽一剪影，写得文质并茂，情意深长。与明媚并存，雅淡与疏朗相长。冰心把

徐开垒先生一辈子诚挚处世，认真徐开垒誉为“功力很深的散文家”，确是知人论文的评语。

作为新闻记者，他有机会深入到社会基层的各个角落，结识、采访各种各样的人物与事情。纪实体的特点，是和他从事的新闻记者职业一脉相承的。这是徐开垒迥别于一般散文作家的地方。

1991年春，徐开垒与徐迟在朱雯家作客。

Xu Kailei and Xu Chi pose for a picture at the home of Zhu Wen in the spring of 1991.

他就像一只蜜蜂，总是最先寻觅到那植根于生活的沃野上散香滴露的鲜花，最早闻到花的芬芳，吸吮花的乳汁，然后经过加工，酿制成美酒，把鲜花与美酒涯。 ”这是杜甫《江畔独步寻花》中的两句诗。徐开垒先生把“鲜花与美酒”作为他的一部散文集的书名。现在我用鲜花与美酒为开垒先生送行，以表达我对他的思念与敬意。□

奉献给人民大众。“报答春光知有处，应须美酒送天

Journalist and Writer Xu Kailei Passes Away

By Zhang Ke

Three days before Spring Festival this year, Xu Kailei, a veteran newspaper jour-nalist and writer of Zhejiang origin, passed away. Feeling uncomfortable the night before, he was sent immediately to Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai. He lapsed into coma and did not wake up. The 90-year-old man died peacefully. I have known him for years. In my minds eye, I can see his gaunt face, silver hair, and gracious manner.

Xu Kailei was born in March 1922 in Ningbo, a port city in eastern Zhejiang. As his father worked in a bank, the family had the money to send him to the largest primary school and a very good middle school for education. In October 1936 when he was a second year student in junior high school, he wrote an essay and contributed it to New Youngsters, a Shanghai-based biweekly edited by Ye Shengtao and Feng Zikai, two preeminent literary masters. To Xus surprise, the essay was published as the number one in the same section. Soon, his second essay was published in the bi-weekly. The publishing of the two essays inspired Xu and he made up his mind to be an essayist.

At 15, he went to Shanghai to continue his education. In the 1930s and 1940s, he wrote many essays that were published in the literary page of Wenhui, an influential newspaper of Shanghai. In 1949, he joined the newspaper and became a journalist, editor and later editor of the literary page of the newspaper. He was forced out of the newspaper due to political upheavals. By the time the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) came to end and he came back to Wenhui, 14 years had elapsed.

With him at helm of the literary page, Wenhui published quite a few very good es-says and stories that brought repercussions to the national literary circles.

Shortly after the downfall of the Gang

写作《巴金传》时的徐开垒。

This is Xu Kailei during the years of writing “A Biography of Bai Jin”.

of Four in October 1976, Xu Kailei visited Ba Jin and asked Ba to write for the literary page. Ba wrote “A Letter.” Two weeks after

2000年秋，徐开垒在绍兴兰亭留影。

Xu Kailei visits Orchid Pavilion in Shaoxing in the autumn of 2000.

he talked about various aspects of essay writing. It was during this get-together, Xu gave me a collection of his essays about Ba Jin and his contemporaries. It had just come out. I had known him

years and this get-together was the longest time I spent with him.

In the late 1970s and the 1980s, Xu Kai-lei wrote quite a few essays and published a few collections of short stories and essays. I have most of his essay collections and my bookcase at home testifies to his literary achievements in these years.

Though he worked in Shanghai, Xu Kailei cared about his home province. The literary page of Zhejiang Daily published the publishing of this story in the literary page, hundreds of letters flooded in, includ-ing 150 letters to Ba Jin with the care of the newspaper. In 1977, the literary page published some breakout short stories. As a veteran newspaperman and writer, Xu made his contribution to the literary prosperity in the 1980s.

The year 1988 marked his retirement from Wenhui, but he was commissioned to write a biography of Ba Jin, at the invitation of Shanghai Literature and Art Press and with the approval of Ba Jin.

It took him four years to write the biog-raphy. During the time, he visited Chengdu, a central city in southwestern China where he interviewed Ba Jins relatives. Moreover, he also interviewed a group of literary mas-ters to know better about people and events in the life of Ba. In 1993, the 530,000-char-acter work was serialized in World of Short Stories. Then it came out as a book in June 1996. It was reprinted twice in 2003.

He came to Hangzhou to attend a get-to-gether of literary masters on September 20, 2000. The next evening, he was interviewed by a journalist of Qianjiang Evening News and I was there. He talked about how we should understand ancient essays and then a few of his essays. In 1984, Zhejiang Lit-erature and Art Press published a collection of his essays. In 1992, he wrote an essay about his writing of Ba Jins biography and it was published in Zhejiang Daily. In 1993, East Sea, a literary monthly of Zhejiang, published his essay about his hometown Ningbo.

As an essayist highly commended by many literary masters of the old genera-tion, Xu wrote essays that reflect his tireless pursuit of a graceful style, concise expres-sions of profound thought and emotion. His essays are also highly flavored by a real-ism that reflects his journalist background, which makes him different from some es-sayists without journalism background. □