句子:学者们在探讨20年前苏联解体的原因。
误译:The scholars are exploring the reason why the Soviet Union dismissed twenty years ago.
正译:The scholars are exploring the reason why the Soviet Union collapsed twenty years ago.
解释:to dismiss 的意思是 to send sb away or allow them to leave,其字面意思是“打发人走开或允许人离开”,即“解散”,常用作口令。“解散”的对象是人。而“解体”的意思是“崩溃”,其主体是团体或机构,可以译为 to collapse。
“解体”的第一个意思是“整体结构分解”。英语可以译为 to disintegrate。例如:1. 这架飞机掉入大海时解体了。The plane disintegrated as it fell into the sea.
“解体”的第二个意思是“崩溃”、“垮台”或“瓦解”。英语动词可以译为 to disintegrate, to collapse, to break up, to fall apart, to crumble。名词可以译为 break-up。例如:2. 20年前,苏联解体,它的15个加盟共和国获得独立。Twenty years ago the Soviet Union broke up and its 15 republics gained independence.
“解散”的第一个意思是“聚集的人群散开”。译为 to dismiss, to fall out。例如:3. 士兵们在军事检阅以后就解散了。The soldiers were dismissed after the military parade.
“解散”的第二个意思是“机构或团体取消或自动离散”。英语动词可以译为 to dissolve, to disband, to break up, to close down, to fall apart;名词可以译为 collapse, break-up。例如:4. 董事会决定解散这个不赚钱的公司。The board of directors decided to disband the unprofitable company.▲
(本栏目供稿:王逢鑫教授)