陈晓仕 湖南省长沙县第七中学
巧解完形填空之招式
陈晓仕 湖南省长沙县第七中学
高考完形填空题主要考查学生综合运用语言的能力。它不仅考查词汇、语法方面的知识,还着重考查学生对语言材料的理解能力、分析判断能力和逻辑推理能力。近年来,高考完形填空题特别强调对语篇的理解,加大上下文的考查力度,增加同义词、近义词的比较。因此,该题型难度大、区分度高,是“容易拉开距离”的题型。
Warming-up Exercises(1)
树立全局观念,瞻前顾后 ,考虑语境。
1.Japan is an island country and its ___go all over Japan.(无语境限制,A,B,C,D都可选)
2.Japan is an island country and its ____go all over the Pacific looking for fi sh to catch.(只有 fi shing boats 才能到太平洋catch fi sh.选A)
3.Japan is an island country and its ___go over the Paci fi c looking for the fi shing group. (只有planes 才能飞在太平洋的上空寻找鱼群。选C)
4.Japan is an island country and its ____ go on the Paci fi c looking for the missing people.(在太平洋上,寻找失踪人员的应是lifeboats。选B)
5.Japan is an island country and its ____ go all over Japan,sending peopleto work and back. ( 接送人们上下班的不会是fishing boat和lifeboats,而用planes 也有悖常理。选D)
A. fi shing boats B. lifeboats C. planes D. trains
Warming-up Exercises (2):
Read the passage and fi ll in the blanks with proper words.
Unfortunately,there are a large number of people in my family.Some wanted to see one programme______ others preferred another.(注意句中some与others之间的关系.答案:while)
做题从哪些方面入手?
1. 细读首句,预测主题
完型填空的首句一般是不设空的。目的是使读者进入语境,因此一定要认真阅读这句话。利用首句或首段最大限度地获取信息。
(1).Why is a space left between the rails of a railway line where one piece joins the next?( 这句话从铁轨之间的缝隙引出了问题,根据常识,文中的内容应
与热胀冷缩这一物理现象有关。)
2. 阅读全文,领会大意。
浏览全文时要重点了解文中叙述的时间,地点,人物,事件。即When,Where,who,what.
3.逐句细读,试选答案。
试填时一定要在语境理解上下功夫,要抓住上下文的内在联系和逻辑联系。这时不可忽视连接词,代词,插入语,转折词的作用。如:but, yet, while, besides, there-fore, so that等。
4.细读全文,推敲难题。
5.复读全文,调整答案
完形填空题具体解题技巧
1.看清上下文,找准定位词
(1)Travelling __ today become yesterday; Travelling west it is tomorrow.
A. south B. east C. north D. west
(下句中的west,tomorrow 是 解题的关键。答案:B)
(2) Many old people don’t have good ____. They can’t watch TV, but they can listen to music or news over the radio .
A. hearing B. health C. eyesight D. time
(注意下文中can’t watch…but they can listen to …。答案:C)
2. 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句,找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。有时这些词有可能是同义词或反义词.
(1). One evening, long after most people had gone to bed, a friend of mine and I went home happily through the __1__ street.
A. calm B. crowded C. silent D. quiet
(答案:D)
(2). Old Mrs. Cockle lived at the top of a very tall house in London.Most of the people who knew her were __3__ for her, because she had to climb 84 stairs __4__ she reached her own front-door.
3. A. happy B. sorry C. angry D. helpful
4. A. before B. after C. since D. until
(答案:B; A)
3. 注意固定搭配,包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等,同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。
(1) To his ______, it wasn’t a doll at all, but a man of the tiniest size with a high tall hat.
A. sadness B. surprise C. excitement D. joy
(答案:B)
(2). Do be quiet. You will give everybody a shock and __5__ them up for miles round.
A. call B. pick C. wake D. join
(答案:C)
4. 根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项
选项中所给的四个词为表示上下文逻辑关系的连接性词语,它涉及到文章的起承转合、上下连贯。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解,如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系等。 常见的承接语有and, but, however, so, therefore, or, besides等。
( 1). At fi rst nothing happened,____ suddenly a large rat rushed out of the…
A. and B. or C. so D. then
(At fi rst…then 表顺序。答案:D)
(2). My main responsibility(职责) were clearing tables and washing dishes,_ ___sometimes I helped cook.
A. or B. so C. but D. even
(答案:C)
5. 根据生活常识以及相关知识来确定选项。
(1). The space is left to let the rail expand(膨胀) when it gets___.
A. wet B. cold C. hot D. dry
(根据常识热胀冷缩。答案:C)
6. 根据作者的态度,观点等来确定相关选项
1. Life is very ______, so don’t rush to make decisions. Life doesn’t let you plan.
A. hard B. busy C. short D. long
(答案:D)
7.扎实基础,搞清辨异
1. Soon I heard a __like that of a door burst in, and then a climb of feet.
A.sound B.cry C.voice D.shout
(答案:A)
完形填空三步解题之法概括为:
一步粗读寻思路, 二步细读选答案, 三步复读纠错误, 若能沉着照此办, 胸有成竹少失误。
文章首句要重视,全篇理解有启示。记叙体裁为主体,通读全文明意旨。
填空多是实义词,四个选项巧设计。词类范畴必同一,确定最佳靠逻辑。
字里行间找信息,个别填空靠常识。相近词义细辨析,习惯用法靠记忆。
复读反思再核实。