院士风采

李连捷1908.06.07～1992..1.11

土壤地理学家。河北玉田人。1932年燕京大学理学院地理系毕业。1940年获中华文化基金奖，被派往美国考察水土保持工作；继而留美学习，先后获田纳西大学硕士学位和伊利诺伊大学博士学位。北京农业大学教授。是我国土壤学主要开拓者和奠基人之一。在土壤分类学、土壤地理学、地貌学和第四纪地质学方面，科研、教学成绩卓著，在土壤微形态、农业遥感方面有开拓性建树。首次提出土壤分类的自型土纲、水型土纲和复成土纲。半个多世纪，一直从事野外考察工作，对我国土地资源的区划评价和合理开发利用，盐碱地的治理提供了大量的基础性资料和建设性意见。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Soil gographer.Born in Yutian,Hebei Province.Graduated from the Department of Geography,College of Sciences,Yanjing University in 1932.Awarded Chinese Culture Funds in 1940,and went to US for an investigation tour on soil conservation work.Received MS from the University of Tennessee and Ph.D. from the University and one of the pioneers and founders of pedology in China.

Li made outstanding achievements in the field of soil taxonomy soil geography,geomorphology and Quaternary geology,and conducted pioneering work on soil micromorphology and remote sensing.He was the first to put forward the taxonomic systems of the idiomorphic,hydromorphic and complex soils.He conducted field surveys for over 50 years and provided a lot of fundamental data and constructive suggestions on the division,evaluation and rational utilization of land resources,and the treatment of saline-alkaline soils in China.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

吴英恺1910.05.08～2003.11.13

医学家。辽宁新民人，满族。1933年毕业于辽宁医学院（通称“小河沿医学院”）。1941年～1943年赴美国华盛顿大学医学院进修胸外科。北京安贞医院院长，是中国较早开展胸部及心血管外科的专家之一。1940年在中国首次切除食管癌成功，50年代末开展了对食管癌流行病学和病因学的研究；1944年在中国首次结扎先天性动脉导管成功；1948年首次成功切除缩窄性心包炎；60年代，开展胸腹部血管外科，成功地切除了主动脉弓动脉瘤，得到长期存活的结果；近20年来，积极组织高血压、脑血管病、冠心病流行学研究及人群防治工作。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Medical expert. Born jin Xinmin, Liaoning Province. Manchu nationality. Graduated from the Mukden Mecical College in 1933. Took advanced studies of chest surgery in Washington University, USA from 1941 to 1943. President, Beijing Anzhen Hospital.

Wu is one of the pioneers in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery in China. In 1940, he was the first in China to manage to resect a carcinoma of esophagus. In 1944, he did the first ligation of congenital ductus arteuosus in China. He successfully resected constrictive pericarditis in 1948. In the late 1950s, he began to study the epidemiology and etiology of carcinma of esophagus.He resected thoracic aortic aneurysm and obtained long-termed survival in the 1960s. In the pjast 20 years, he has actively organized community control of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension,cerebrovascular and coronary heart diseases.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

肖龙友1870.02.13～1960.10.20

医学家。四川三台人。1897年考中清朝丁酉科拔贡。中医研究院学术委员、名誉院长、中央文史馆馆员。1892年川中霍乱流行，他与陈蕴生医师用中草药救治，控制了疫情的蔓延；重视辩证论治，主张四诊合参，治愈了一些疑难病症；1934年，与孔伯华共同创办了北京国医学院，培养了数百名中医人才，对我国中医学的发展起到了承先启后的作用；1954年第一届全国人大会议上，提出设立中医学院的议案，被政府采纳；他留下了大量医案，由后人重加整理，发扬利用。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Medical expert. Born in Santai, Sichuan Province. In 1897 (the year of Dingyou of the Dynasty ), he passed the imperial examination of “Gong Sheng”. Member, Scientific Committee, honorary president,Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and member, Central Research Institute of Culture and History.

Xiao and Doctor Chen Yunsheng cured many cholera patients using Chinese herbal medicine in 1892 and controlled the spreading of this pestilent disease. He put great emphasis on the diagnosis and treatment of patients based upon an overall analysis of the illness and the patient’s condition and advocated the treatment of patients using four methods (examination, listening, smelling and pulse-feeling) in the diagnosis. He cured many difficult and complicated cases. In 1934,he and Kong Bohua co-established the Beijing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and trained hundereds of traditional Chinese mdeical pradtitioners. He served as a link between the past and the future for the traditional Chinese medical sciences. In the First National People’s Congress, he put forward a motion on the establishment of the College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, which was adopted by the Government. He left many records of medical treatment cases, which have been sorted out by his later generations and are used and further developed by the traditional Chinese medical doctors.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

李继侗1997.08.24～1961.12.12

植物学家、生态学家。江苏兴化人。1921年毕业于南京金陵大学。1923年获美国耶鲁大学研究员林学硕士学位，1925年获博士学位。内蒙古大学教授、副校长。20年代，首先发现光合作用的“瞬间效应”；30年代在燕麦胚芽向光性的研究中，发现植物生长素、并观察到去尖后的芽鞘上端可再生形成生理尖端，揭示了植物组织间的相互制约关系与补偿功能；在我国率先开展植物生态学和地植物学的研究与教学工作，在北京大学创建了我国第一个植物生态学专门组，后移植到内蒙古大学；参加了海南岛橡胶宜林区、黄河中游水土保持、呼伦贝尔草原、黑龙江萨尔图地区等考察工作，为生产实践提供了科协依据和许多有价值的建议；培养了一批植物学人才，有不少学生都已成为著名的科学家。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Botanist and ecologist. Born in Xinghua, Jiangsu Province.Graduated from Nanjing Jinling University in 1921. Received MS and Ph. D. in forest scinences from Yale University, USA in 1923 and 1925,respectively. Professor and vice president, Nei Mongol University.

Li Was the first to find the “instant effect” of photosynthesis in the 1920s. He discovered the phototropism of the oat plumula in the 1930s.He found the plant auxin and observed that the physiological apex could be regenerated from the top of the bud scale,of which,the nib had been cut,demonstrating that there were interactions and compensative function in plant tissues.He first developed the research and teaching of plant ecology and geobotany in China.He established the first special research group of plant ecology in Peking University,which was later shifted to Nei Mongol University. He participated in field surveys on the suitable regions of rubber trees in Hainan Island and soil conservation in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and inspected Hulunbeier grassland and Sartu Region in Heilongjiang Province.He provided a lot of scientific data,proposed many practically valuable advises and trained many botanists,some of whom have become wellknown scientists in China.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.