有偿家教

句子：他的父母请了一位家教来教他英语。

误译：His parents employed a family teacher to teach him English.

正译：His parents employed a private tutor to teach him English.

解释：英语表示“家庭教师”，不用 family teacher的说法。tutor 的意思是a private teacher, especially one who teaches an individual student or a very small group，正好表达了“家庭教师”的意思。

“家教”第一个意思是“子女在家庭接受的影响和教育”，即“家庭教育”。英语可译为family education。如：1. 农村的许多孩子没有机会接受家教，因为他们的父母到城里打工谋生去了。Many of the children in the rural areas have no chance to receive family education because their parents have gone to the city to work for a living.

“家教”第二个意思“进行单独或小团体辅导”。英语可译为 private tutoring, home tutoring, tutoring。如：2. 禁止教师通过家教或教私自办的班来挣外快。Teachers are prohibited from making extra money out of tutoring or teaching privately organized classes.

“家教”的第三个意思是“家庭教师”。英语可译为 private tutor, tutor。如：3. 他的父母给他请了一个大学高材生给他当家教，帮助他准备高考。His parents engaged a top student from a university as his private tutor who would help him prepare for the National Entrance Exam.

“有偿”意思是“有代价的”或“有报酬的”。英语可以译为 paid, compensated。例如：

4. 教师不应利用工作之便通过有偿家教牟取私利。Teachers should not take advantage of their work to seek personal gain through paid tutoring.

“无偿”的意思是“不要回报的”或“没有报酬的”。英语可以译为unpaid, uncompensated, free, gratis, non-reimbursable。例如：

5. 这位律师为弱势群体提供无偿的法律服务。This lawyer provides free legal service for disadvantaged groups.▲

（本栏目供稿：王逢鑫教授）

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