“Ｔｈｅｒｅ ｂｅ的过去时与将来时”教学纪实

张　晶

情境一:播放萨克斯曲《回家》,引出“家”的话题:20年前,我生活在农村,我的家绿树环绕,尽管很小,但很美。向学生展示自己家的照片。学生被生动的画面吸引,仔细观察图片。面对老师的过去,学生都很兴奋,想看看过去老师的家是什么样的。

T:Heres a piece of music,listen and then answer my questions,OK?

T:We know it very well. While listening,do you feel relaxed?

T: Can you tell me the name of the music?

S: Go home.

T: This is a piece of beautiful music. While listening to it,we will remind of home. Do you love your home? So do I. Twenty years ago I lived in the country with my family. We had a big house with a garden. Look! It was so beautiful. Do you want to visit it?

情境二:通过上文所讨论的问题,引出我20年前的家。让学生通过幻灯片观察我儿时的房间,然后引出本节课的教学重点:There be 句型的过去时。让学生在真实的语境下品味该句式特点,并总结出句式的结构、意义。同时,通过幻灯片提问,让学生进行该句式的肯定、否定和疑问三种形式之间的“变脸”训练。学生不可能整节课都保持紧张的状态,所以适当地穿插比赛、游戏,可以缓解学生的情绪。课堂上有问有答有争论,比赛内容是复习前面所学的知识,将句子变成否定句、一般疑问句、特殊问句。这种训练形式,为学生提供了足够的机会。

T: Yes. There was a clock next to the wall. There was a plant near the bed. There was a computer on the table. There was a bookcase near the wall. There were some balls in the room. There were two pencils on the bed. There were two pictures on the wall. There were two tables in the room.

In these sentences,we all use the structure about “there be” in the simple past tense. Today well go on to learn “there be” sentence structure. Lets see how to use it in the simple past tense and the simple future tense.

变脸一: Negative sentence

There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其他句型一样,在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同:not是副词,no为形容词,not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n。

变脸二: General sentence

There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可。但要注意:当肯定句中有some时,要将其改为any(否定变化也一样)。

变脸三: Special question

There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化:

① Underline the subject:when the subject is someone,we can use “Who was+介词短语?”when the subject is something,we can use “What was+ the preposition phrase(介词短语)?”Attention:No matter the subject is single or plural,we could only question with “is”.

② Underline the place:We can use“Where was / were +subject?” to question.

③ Underline the number,there are two forms.

How many+ n (pl)+ were there+ the preposition phrase?

How much+ uncountable noun + was there+ the preposition phrase?

情境三:我把话题转到现在的生活:“10年前,我来到牡丹江工作,现在我结婚了,有了自己的家(多媒体展示家庭照片)。我的家虽精心设计,但随着时间的流逝,它已不是我的最爱。我很渴望拥有一个“理想”的家(多媒体展示理想的家的照片)。有属于自己的书房、宽敞的客厅、舒适的卧室、厨房及洗手间。”然后我领着学生走进各个房间,引出本节课的另一个教学重点:There be 句型将来时。通过形象性、富有感染力的情境,学生直观地去体会语言。通过模拟情境让学生在真实的语境下品味该句式结构并总结出句式的意义。

T: As you know,I left my hometown many years ago. Now I married. I have my own house. Look,there are so many things in it. I dont like it at all. And the color of the room is too dark,so if I have a chance,I want to buy a new house. I often imagine my ideal room. There will be more rooms in it. There will be a bedroom,a living room,a study and a kitchen in my house. I will buy many things. There will be a new computer in the study. There will be a new bed in my bedroom. There will be many books in the bookcase...look at my ideal house please,what will there be in the house? Guess what there will be in my bedroom,kitchen,study and living room?

定义: 在将来某段时间,某处有某物或有某人。

There be 句式将来时的主要结构:

1. There will be +主语(可数名词单数/不可数名词/可数名词复数)+地点状语(为介词短语)。

任务:伴随着社会的发展和你的成长,你对自己未来的房间有什么畅想吗?谈论一下自己以前的房间并设计一下自己理想的房间吧。这一任务突出“there be”句式的过去时和将来时的应用。

T: Introduce the room in the past,and then talk about your ideal room in the future.

记忆窍门:

Chant:

There be句型有特点,主语放在be后边,

多个主语并列时,be随最近主语变。

变疑问很简单,把be/will提到there前。

变否定也不难,be/will的后面not添。

肯定句中用some, 疑问、否定any换。

介词短语表地点,“有”表“存在”记心间。