Module 10 Unit 4 单元点拨

重点、难点分析

1. apply 玽i. 申请;请求 玽t. 贴;敷;使 (法律等) 生效;应用;运用

apply (to sb.) (for sth.)

1) Youd better apply at once, in person or by letter. 你应该立即申请,亲自去也好,写信也好。

2) Many people apply to the company for the job. 许多人向那家公司申请这份工作。

3) The nurse applied the bandage to the wound. 护士用绷带包扎伤口。

4) In this way they can better apply theory to practice.

这样他们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。

【归纳拓展】

application 玭. 申请;申请书 / 表;实施;应用

applicant 玭. 申请者

apply sth. (to sth.) 将……应用于……;把……涂抹在……上

apply to sb. / sth. 涉及某人 / 物;和某人有关

apply oneself to (doing) sth. 勤奋工作,努力工作,专心于;致力于

apply to do sth. 申请做某事

【基础提升】

1) It is so noisy that he can hardly _________ (专心于,致力于) doing his work.

2) Nowadays, many poor students_________ (申请) go to school for free.

答案:1) apply himself to;2) apply to

【考题链接】

1) Many applicants have _________to the company for the only position available.

A. arrangedB. approached

C. appliedD. appointed

2) The 20% discount only _________club members

A. applies toB. refers to

C. devotes toD. comes to

答案:1) C;2) A

2. expand 玽i. 扩大,扩展;伸展,展开

Metals expand when they are heated. 金属受热则膨胀。

A tyre expands when you pump air into it. 轮胎一打气就鼓起来。

The petals of the flowers expanded in the sunshine. 花瓣在阳光下张开了。

玽t. 张开,膨胀,扩张,发展

Why not try to expand your story into a novel? 你怎么不把你的故事扩展成小说呢?

The eagle expanded its wings and took flight. 鹰展翅翱翔。

【辨析】expand,extend和enlarge

expand 表示张开,膨胀,强调体积扩大,或欲望膨胀

extendex (向外) + tend (伸展) 延伸;扩展;提供、给予;强调长度或范围的扩展,延伸

extend the deadline until the end of the month 延期到月底为止

extend ones visit for a few days longer 把访问时间延长几天

enlargeen (表使动) + largevt. 扩大,放大

The leaders are planning to enlarge our playground with the development of our school.

随着学校的发展,领导们打算扩建操场。

The police had the photograph of the missing girl enlarged.

警察把失踪姑娘的照片放大了。

【考题链接】

Can you _________your visit for a few days more?

A. enlargeB. expand

C. exploreD. extend

答案:D

3. identify 玽i. 认同,感同身受

I found it hard to identify with any of the characters in the film.

我对这部影片里的任何角色都难以认同。

vt. 认定;识别,鉴别

Can you identify your umbrella among this lot?你能在这些雨伞中认出你自己的吗?

One can not identify happiness with wealth.幸福和财富不能混为一谈。

She identified the man as her attacker.她认出那个人就是袭击过她的人。

【归纳拓展】

identify sb. / sth. as sb. / sth. 确认 / 证明某人 / 物为……

identify sth. with sth. 认为某事物与另事物相同

identify with sb. 与某人认同;以某人为模式

identification 玭. 验明;鉴别;身份证明;身份证明书

The identification of the accident victims took some time.

验明事故遇难者身分的工作费了不少时间。

Can I see some identification, please? 给我看看你的身份证件行吗?

identity 玭. 本身;身分;identified 玜dj. 经鉴定的;unidentified 玜dj. 未经确认的;identifiable 玜dj. 可辨认的

【考题链接】

The basic causes are unknown, although certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been. _________

A. identifiedB. informed

C. conveyedD. undertaken

答案:A

解析:identify认出;识别,inform通知;告知,convey传播;传达,undertake保证。句意为“癌症的根本起因还不清楚,但某些可能会导致癌症的条件已被发现。”

4.break into 侵入,闯入;破门而入

【归纳拓展】

1) break down 玽t. 打破,减轻,把……分解 vi. 彻底失败,崩溃,停止运转,放弃,(数据,观点等) 站不住脚

Firemen had to break the door down to reach the people trapped inside.

消防人员须破门而入,才能抢救困在屋里的人。

Our car broke down on the motorway.

我们的汽车在高速公路上抛锚了。

2) break up 玽t. 开垦,破碎,破坏,解散,结束,衰弱

The Government has broken up the large private estates. 政府把大片的私人地产分割开。

He was breaking up under the strain.他劳累过度,身体逐渐衰弱。

3) break through 玽. 突破

4) break in v. 闯入 (打断,使习惯于,使驯服,训练成为)

5) break away from… 玽t. 脱离(离开,背弃,与……脱离关系)

6) break off 突然停止;中断 (谈判);断绝 (关系)

7) break out (战争、瘟疫、火灾等) 爆发

【考题链接】

1) News reports say peace talks between the two countries _________with no agreement reached.

A. have broken down

B. have broken out

C. have broken in

D. have broken up

解析:答案是A。析语境可知,两国和平谈判失败,没有达成任何协议,因此该空应填have broken down,表“(和平谈判) 失败”。

2) The computer system_________ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.

A. broke downB. broke out

C. broke upD. broke in

解析:A由语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“坏了”, 因此应填broke down。

3) To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it_________ into parts.

A. downB. upC. offD. out

解析:选A。 这是动词break与副词搭配的用法比较。根据语境,可知break和要填的副词搭配应该有“分解”的含义,而break down和break up 都有“分解”之意。再分析语境可知这里谈的是句子的分解,而只有break down 的隐含义为“分解以利于理解”,符合语境。

5. be faced with 面临,面对

They are all faced with the same problem. 他们都面临同样的问题。

【归纳拓展】

1) face the music 承当后果。

2) face to face (with) 面对面,面临,当面。如:

He came face to face with death. 他面临死亡。

3) in (the) face of面对;尽管,不顾

He showed great bravery in face of danger. 在危险面前他表现出非常勇敢。

He succeeded in the face of great difficulties. 尽管有巨大困难,但他还是成功了。

4) lose face 丢面了/ save face 保全面子

5) make a face / make faces

【考点链接】

_________with a difficult situation. Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.

A. To faceB.Having faced

C. FacedD. Facing

答案:C

6. get into a bad habit of 养成坏习惯

【归纳拓展】

get / fall into a bad habit of = form a bad habit of 养成 / 染上某习惯

be in a habit of 有某种习惯

break off the habit of / kick the habit of / get rid of the habit of改掉……的习惯