听ｕｓｅｄ ｔｏ谈“过去”

陈丽华

本单元的主人公used to似乎很怀旧，一出口就是“过去常常”，具有鲜明的时态特点，让我们近距离一一道来：

1. “主语+used to+动词原形+其它”。在这个句型结构中used to的含义为“过去常常”。表示过去的习惯，暗示现在已无此习惯，请看图：

Bill在过去几年中一直在一家factory中工作，但现在他在supermarket中工作，所以Bill used to work in a factory. 隐含的意思是：Bill worked in a factory before but he doesnt work there now.

2. 我们可以说I used to work.../She used to have.../they used to be...等等，也就是说used这个词没有人称的变化，to后面接动词原形。

请看例句：

·Lily has got short hair now but it used to be very long. 丽莉现在梳短发，但以前她是长发。

注意：

①used to的否定形式是I didnt use to ....

·When I was a child, I didnt use to like tomatoes. 当我还是个孩子时，我不喜欢吃西红柿。

②问句形式是Did ... use to ...?

·Did you use to be a teacher? 你过去是老师吗？

3. used to这个词组只用于讲述过去，我们不能用use to来讲述现在。

·I used to play tennis. These days I play golf. （不说I use to play golf.）

·We usually get up early.（不说We use to get up early）

词语辨析：

1. used to和would

①used to和would都可表示过去的习惯或行为，常可换用。

When we were children we used to/would go skating every winter. 我们小时候每年冬天都去滑冰。

②used to含有较强的“今昔对比”的含义，而would无此含义。

I do not swim so often as I used to.我不像过去那样常游泳了。（不能用would代替）

He would sometimes work into the night. 以前他常工作到深夜。（不表示现在他不工作到深夜）

③用would时，有时应有时间状语来加以限制，而used to则可无时间状语。

He would go to see Mother every vacation. （那时）他每个假期都去看望妈妈。

He isnt what he used to be. 他不再是过去的他了。

2. used to do和be used to doing.

①be used to 是“习惯于”某一客观事实和状态，不强调动作，to是介词，后面接名词或动名词。

He is used to hard work. 他习惯于艰苦的工作。

②get（或become）used to指的是从不习惯到习惯这一过程的转变，另外，它往往包含着克服困难去适应的意思。

You will soon get used to the weather here. 你很快就会习惯这里的天气的。

【巩固练习】

Ⅰ. 单项选择。

1. I ______ frustrated when I wasnt sure of the correct answer.

A. may be B. used to C. used to be D. use to be

2. When I was a child, I used to ______ chocolate.

A. liking B. like C. liked D. likes

3. ______ work in Microsoft?

A. Did you used to B. Did you use to C. Do you used to D. Do you use to

4. —David ______ to be heavy, didnt he?

—Yes, he ______. But he isnt heavy now.

A. uses; does B. used; did C. used; do D. uses; did

5. My aunt used to ______ dinner in the restaurant, but now shes used to ______ herself.

A. have; cooking B. having; cooking C. having; cook D. have; cook

Ⅱ. 看图，用used to完成句子。

1. She used to have long hair.

2. Hefootball.

3.a taxi driver.

4. .

5. This building .

Ⅲ. 根据括号内的要求完成下面句子, 每空 一词，含缩写。

1. Tom used to watch TV.(改为否定句)

Tom ______ ______ ______ watch TV.

2. Helen used to play computer games a lot every day. (改为一般疑问句)

______ Helen ______ ______ play computer games a lot every day?

3. Eric used to be very thin. (改为反意疑问句)Eric used to be very thin, ______ ______?

Keys: Ⅰ. 1. C2. B3. B4. B5. AⅡ. 2. He used to play football.3. She used to be a taxi driver. 4. He used to wear glasses.5. This building used to be new.Ⅲ. 1. didnt use to / used not to2. Did; use to 3. didnt / he