尹 雪
在这个一半是陆地一半是海洋的城市游走,感受着海与岸相结合的美,是那样的令人倾心。远离世俗的海岸线分割出水与陆,狭长悠远。海岸线延伸到哪里,沿海而造的风景就跟随到哪里,缱绻,不相离。
沿海岸线前行,无论哪个方向,总有海与陆在两侧,纵是独行也不必担心迷路,这一片曲曲折折的海岸,始终是一个又一个的海湾。就这样游走在海岸线上,沿途海边的沙滩、木栈道、林荫、雕塑……听海浪拍岸,观如画美景,每一处景致都渲染着海的魅力。
Strolling in a city comprised of half land and half sea, you can sense the amazing beauty produced by the connection of sea and land. Along the coastline, the beaches, the wooden plank roads, the avenues, and the sculptures, as well as the tides rushing onto the beaches, whatever you see, everything looks like a scene in a landscape painting showcasing the charm of the sea.
栈桥
青岛湾内,一座壮丽的虹桥由海岸延伸入海,如一只托起花蕾的玉臂前探于大海之上,这便是栈桥,始建于光绪18年(公元1892年),仅比青岛建置晚了一年。当时的栈桥只有200米长、10米宽,是由中国工程师自己设计的,也是青岛港最早的码头设施。因为是当时胶州湾上惟一一条“海上军火供给线”,故有“谁控制了栈桥,谁就控制了整个胶州湾”之说。1897年,德军以演习为名,从青岛湾登陆,武力占领青岛,栈桥成为德军侵占青岛的见证。1922年,北洋政府收回青岛,1931年青岛港建立,栈桥完成了它装卸货物的历史使命。南京国民政府出资重修栈桥,将桥身延长到440米,在桥南端修筑半圆形的防浪堤,建成了具有民族风格的回澜阁。从此,栈桥成为了青岛的第一景。栈桥是青岛的象征,也是青岛人的骄傲,在青岛市的市徽以及一些著名企业的商标上都能发现它的身影。栈桥东望小青岛,西侧是现代化高楼,北依栈桥公园。红瓦绿树,交相辉映;花木扶疏,相映成趣。如今的栈桥,在经历百年沧桑之后,仍然焕发着勃勃生机。
鲁迅公园
沿着海岸线东行,沿途经过一座没有围墙的公园,名为鲁迅公园。一处不是很大的公园,但却以独特的风格成为青岛的一个象征。在20世纪初至80年代,许多代表青岛的旅游产品上都印有鲁迅公园的海滨风光。鲁迅公园的前身只是一片蔽天掩日的黑松林,日德战争后,日伪当局将此林地命名为“曙滨公园”。1929年由我国著名园艺家葛敬应先生借其抱岸环海的自然环境规划设计,成为当时的青岛市长胡若愚的一项“德政”,故命名为“若愚公园”。1931年,沈鸿烈接任青岛市长,将公园更名为“海滨公园”。后为与山海关路的海滨公园相区别,复更名为“莱阳路海滨公园”。1950年为纪念革命文学前驱鲁迅先生再度更名为“鲁迅公园”。鲁迅公园堪称是青岛最富特色的海滨公园,中国最早的水族馆——青岛水族馆亦坐落于此。如今,这座名副其实的海滨公园因为山的怀抱、海的拥偎,彻底从以花取胜,堆石为山的庭院园苑中脱颖而出,以她四季常在的青春,婀娜多姿的容颜吸引着更多的观光游人。
八大关
随着木栈道的延伸方向,信步走入八大关。徜徉于此,绿树丛中的小楼显得格外幽静典雅,在小路的转弯处,不经意间,一栋红色尖顶黄色墙体的小楼会进入你的视线。略显陈旧的窗体彰显出这座建筑所承载的近代历史的厚重感。虽然没有缤纷的颜色,没有流光溢彩的装饰,但任何现代建筑在那分大气面前都会显得黯然失色。
八大关位于汇泉东部,因其街道均以中国古代著名关隘命名(如山海关、嘉峪关、武胜关等),故被青岛人称为“八大关”。八大关建筑造型独特,汇聚了众多的各国建筑风格,融庭院与公园于一体,碧桃红枫,紫薇雪松,绿树常荫,四季花开,有“万国建筑博览会”和“花街”之称。解放前,这里是官僚资本家的别墅区,解放后,人民政府对其进行全面修缮,成为中国最著名的疗养区之一,许多党和国家领导人及重要的国际友人,都曾在这里下榻。 2005年《中国国家地理》公布“中国最美的地方”评选结果,八大关被评为“中国最美的五大城区”之一。
小鱼山
山海相连是对这座城市形象的描绘,山衔接着海,海依偎着山。汇泉湾畔的小鱼山,因靠近鱼山路而得名,为青岛市第一座古典风格的山头园林公园,是观赏青岛前海全貌的最佳制高点。山虽不高却能远眺,登山俯瞰,栈桥、小青岛、鲁迅公园、海水浴场、八大关等景观尽收眼底;山虽不大却因地处市区而颇显突出,为游人视线所瞩。1983年后,添建了一批民族形式的仿古建筑。主峰建有“览潮阁”,阁高18米,三层八角形。还建有挑檐式六角“碧波亭”和四角“拥翠亭”,匾额均为艺术大师吴作人所题。“鱼山拥翠”是青岛十大景观之一。
信号山
如果在海上选一个角度,不被现代化高楼遮挡的地方,就会看到三个红色蘑菇形状的楼好似熊熊燃烧的火炬耸立于信号山之上。登上中间那个红色蘑菇形建筑的顶层,有一个能360度平转的观景台,从这里向外望去,大半个青岛老城区尽收眼底。天主教堂、迎宾馆,还有那些隐没在绿树中的红房顶的小洋楼,带着欧洲的严谨与优雅,又与中国本土文化的儒雅实用结合,它们亲历沧桑,目睹了这个城市的复苏与辉煌。从山顶远眺,饱览青岛“红瓦绿树,碧海蓝天”的山光水色,胶州湾游船如梭,波涛浪涌,令人心旷神怡。
观象山
胶州湾畔观象山“穹台窥象”曾被列入青岛十景之中。穹台,即指坐落在观象山巅的中国科学院紫金山天文台青岛观象台。这里是中国现代天文事业的发祥地之一,1898年由德人所创,1914年至1922年被日军占领,1924年由中国著名气象学家蒋丙然、天文学家高平子等代表中国政府正式接管,从此开创了中国近代的天文事业,它与上海徐家汇观象台、香港观象台并称“远东三大观象台”。观象山山势和缓,顶部平坦,花木葱葱,环境非常幽美。山顶处还有中国人民解放军总参测绘局于上世纪50年代所建的中国水准原点,中国各地的海拔高度皆由此点起算。上世纪80年代中期,观象山公园被规划为开展天文气象科普教育和登高游览的活动场所。
石老人
城市的海岸线不断向东延伸,午山脚下临海断崖南侧,离岸百米有一座17米高的石柱,历经千百万年的风浪侵蚀和冲击,依然坚固挺拔,又因其形似老人,故被人们称为“石老人”。在青岛地区多年流传着关于石老人及其女儿与龙王爷抗争的故事,更使石老人的秀丽景色增添了一层神秘。这种典型的海蚀柱地貌,连带着石老人浴场蜚声天下。石老人景区现为国家旅游度假区,海景怡人,山色秀丽,古朴的渔村,淳厚的民风,不仅是旅游的好地方,更是电影取景的首选。
崂山
青岛的山美水美,美在山与海描绘出了一个人间仙境。东海边的崂山与海相互映衬,说不清山在海上还
是海里盛着山。崂山山陡林密,景色奇丽而不易登临,自古被称为“神仙窟宅”、“海上仙山第一”。种种神奇的传说和故事至今流传于青山秀水之间。史料记载,秦皇汉武帝登临此山寻仙,唐明皇也曾派人进山炼药。历史上的崂山曾是道教的一个重要传播地。最盛时号称有“九宫八观七十二庵”,崂山道士更是闻名遐迩。山上的太清宫建于唐朝末年,太平宫、上清宫建于宋朝初年,都有千年以上的历史。目前山中惟一僧舍是华严寺,建于明末清初。由于历代帝王的赏识,著名道士的推崇,古往今来很多文人名士纷纷慕名来到崂山,其中有李白、苏东坡、文徵明、顾炎武、郑板桥、蒲松龄、康有为、郁达夫等。
崂山景色之多之奇不胜枚举,可以选择三条线路分别去感受。南线太清景区为崂山景区中展现道教文化的代表景区,其内崂山主峰——巨峰险、秀、雄、奇;北线仰口风景游览区岚光霭气中群峰峭拔,争奇斗妍,海水澄碧的仰口海滩则是天然的海水浴场;中线北九水,山中泉水流淌有缓有急,或细水潺潺,或急流险进,奇峰异石,古洞深涧,可谓山海之胜。
崂山物产丰富,崂山矿泉水、崂山茶、海底玉绿石驰名中外,另外崂山蘑菇、拳头菜、仙胎鱼、鲍鱼、崂山棍等也深受游客欢迎。崂山的石花菜凉粉、北九水羊奶豆腐等特色小吃令人回味无穷。
田横岛
城市的海岸线风景如画,城郊的海边景致更多了一分历史的积淀。青岛即墨市东部海域的横门湾中,有一座美丽而又神奇的历史名岛,它的得名缘于一桩惊天动地、壮美凄绝的千古传奇。据史书记载,秦末汉初,群雄并起,刘邦手下大将韩信带兵攻打齐国,齐王田广被杀,齐相田横率五百将士退踞此岛。刘邦称帝后,遣使诏田横降,横不从,于赴洛阳途中自刎。岛上五百将士闻此噩耗,集体挥刀殉节。世人惊感田横五百将士之忠烈,遂命名此岛为田横岛。
岛内最高峰田横顶上有座五百义士墓,墓周长30米,高约2.5米,是田横岛最著名的历史史迹,也是青岛市级重点文物保护单位;始建于1982年的田横碑亭,立于墓冢北侧,亭内梁柱上饰有田横五百士垣从义举至壮烈殉节等6幅彩绘,生动地再现了田横兵败、自刎及五百义士慨然殉节这一感天地、泣鬼神的悲怆故事。神龟石、老仙洞、狮身人面石、海神娘娘的传说等也是田横岛富于地方特色、民俗风情的历史写照。遍布海岛的人文自然景观、人皆成诵的神话传说使其平添了一份新奇的神韵,优越的地理位置、宜人的气候特征、旖旎的海岛风貌,造就了一个人间胜境。
琅琊台
千古名胜琅琊台,位于青岛胶南市西南部,拥有秀丽的自然风光和丰富的人文景观。这儿山海荟萃,景致宜人,具有山、海、古、俗、仙、奇、美的独特优势和地方特色。
琅琊台是两千多年前古人缘琅琊山夯土筑就的。《水经注》:“孤立特显,出于众山上,下周二十余里,傍滨巨海”。 史传越王勾践初建琅琊台,同秦、晋、齐、楚等国君主在台上歃血盟誓,共同尊辅周室。秦始皇统一中国后,曾三次巡视琅琊台,并派方士徐福带领3000童男童女从琅琊台出发,去寻找长生不老仙药。
沿着曲径通幽的游览路线信步进入景区,可以看到成组秦汉建筑风格的仿古建筑,由徐福殿、云梯、御路、琅琊刻石、秦始皇遣徐福东渡求仙群雕像等等组成的建筑群古朴典雅,格调协调,充分展现出齐秦文化的内容和秦汉建筑的特点。登上琅琊台顶,环视四周,山光岚影,海涛变幻,渔帆点点,气象壮观,难怪秦始皇三次登临,留连忘返!
Strolling in a city comprised of half land and half sea, you can sense the amazing beauty produced by the connection of sea and land. Along the coastline, the beaches, the wooden plank roads, the avenues, and the sculptures, as well as the tides rushing onto the beaches, whatever you see, everything looks like a scene in a landscape painting showcasing the charm of the sea.
Zhanqiao Pier, as the symbol of Qingdao, is the pride of Qingdao people and can be found on the city emblem of Qingdao and the trademarks of many famous enterprises. Constructed in 1892 during the Qing Dynasty, Zhanqiao Pier was the earliest pier facility at Qingdao Harbor. In 1897, taking the military exercise as an excuse, the German army landed on Qingdao from Qingdao Gulf and occupied Qingdao by force. The Zhanqiao Pier thus became the witness of the invasion launched by the German army. In 1931, the Nanjing Kuomintang government invested in the renovation of Zhanqiao Pier. Since then, it became the No. 1 scenic site in Qingdao. Lu Xun Park is located in the southern hillside of Xiaoyu Mountain. Huiquan Gulf is a coastal park with the most remarkable special characteristics in Qingdao, where Qingdao Aquarium-the earliest aquarium in China-is located. Badaguan (Eight Passes) is located to the east of the Huiquan Gulf. There are eight streets named after eight famous passes in ancient China in this place, hence the name. Badaguan is a collection of various architectural styles from all over the world, so it is honored as the place of International Exposition of Buildings of Various Countries. In the selection of China's most beautiful places sponsored by Chinese National Geography in 2005, Badaguan was chosen as one of China's Five Most Beautiful Urban Areas.
Xiaoyu Mountain, the first hill park in the classical style in Qingdao, has the best commanding point to view the panorama of the sea neighboring Qingdao. Yushan Yongcui (Xiaoyu Mountain Embracing the Green) is one of the 10 most famous scenic sites in Qingdao. On the peak of Xinhao Mountain (Signal Mountain), there are three red mushroom-shaped buildings, which are located among the green trees like three towering burning torches. Gazing into the distance from the peak of the mountain, one can take in the full enchanting panorama of the landscape of Qingdao comprised of red tiles, green, trees, blue sea and azure sky. The "Arch Observatory" on the Guanxiang Mountain is listed among one of Qingdao's 10 most famous scenic sites. The Qingdao Observatory of the Zijinshan Astronomical Observatory of China Academy of Sciences is one of the birthplaces of China's modern astronomical development, and it is regarded together with the Xujiahui Astronomical Observatory in Shanghai and the Hong Kong Astronomical Observatory as one of the three largest astronomical observatories in far east.
In east Qingdao, there is a landform featuring typical marine erosion, which is called Shilaoren (Old Stone Man). In Qingdao, there is a legend about the Old Stone Man and his daughter fighting against the Dragon King. The Shilaoren Scenic Area is now a national tourism and holiday resort. Mount Lao, located at the eastern coastal area, is steep and covered by dense forest. Since ancient times, Mount Lao has been honored as the No. 1 Immortal Mountain in the Sea. In history, Mount Lao was an important dissemination place of Taoism. The Taiqing Taoist Temple on the mountain was constructed at the end of the Tang Dynasty. The Taiping Taoist Temple and Shangqing Taoist Temple were constructed in the early period of the Song Dynasty. Since ancient times, many famous literary scholars have been attracted to Mount Lao by its reputation. The tourism of Mount Lao offers the southern route Taiqing scenic area, the northern route Yangkou scenic area, and the middle route Beijiushui. Laoshan mineral water, Laoshan tea, offshore green jade, Laoshan mushroom, abalone, and Laoshan sticks are the famous local products of Mount Lao.
Tianheng Island is a beautiful island with time-honored history, taking its name from a moving legend. The scenic sites, moving legend, favorable geographic location, pleasant climate, and beautiful environment make the island a marvelous tourist attraction. Langya Platform has beautiful landscapes with great cultural interest. On three occasions, Qin Shihuang, the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty, used this place to hold an inspection.