开放性作文写作指导

王琴芳　张贵福

【作文呈现】

根据下面提供的情境，写一篇短文，在班会上发言。注意：词数不少于100字。

A class meeting is to be held to elect the monitor of your class. Suppose you would like to choose Wu Tong as a candidate (候选人). You will explain why you choose him as a candidate. (You have to give more than two reasons to show he is fit for the post.)

注意：1. 发言稿的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；2. 参考词汇：适合 / 有资格：be qualified to be ...

【写作指导】

一、开放性写作的特点

1． 开放性作文不同于传统的作文写作。它给出一定的材料或写作主题，要求学生以此为基础进行思维和联想，自由发挥，自由创作，写出一篇合乎逻辑的短文。它不但考查学生在内容、结构安排、语言运用和组织方面的能力，而且对学生的想像能力、发散思维、归纳判断能力和思辨能力也有更高的要求。

2. 与控制性作文相比，开放性作文不仅扩大了老师命题及学生写作的范围，提高了学生的兴趣，而且对学生能力的考查也上升到一个更高、更新的层次。

3． 侧重两种文体：议论文写作要求学生根据提供的材料，谈自己的看法和观点，做到辩证的思考，力求论点鲜明，论证充分。记叙文常给出一段材料，要求学生充分发挥想像，运用逻辑推理的方法拓展原材料，沿着材料的纵、横方向 延伸，给故事添加开头、结尾及中间过程，形成一篇内容完整，合乎逻辑，上下连贯的短文。

4． 一般以5种形式进行考查：提供建议、发表评论、设计活动、续写或改写。

二、开放性写作的步骤

1． 认真审题，把握要求，找准提示语中的关键词或句，进行立意，确定中心思想。

2． 依据关键句，草拟提纲，梳理文章的脉络。这样写起来就会条理清楚，详略得当。

3． 准确定位人称、时态，遣词造句要扬长避短。

总之，开放性写作的思路和汉语写作非常相似。首先要明确主题，切忌想当然地任意发挥，而要通过认真分析，明确要求，确定文章主题，然后根据主题构建文章的结构，即写出提纲，最后在写作过程中突出主题、层次分明。

【写前点拨】

1． 立意选材

提示语中的关键句You will explain why you choose him as a candidate. (you have to give more than two reasons to show he is fit for the post.)，即要求给出你认为吴桐最适合、最有资格当班长的“reasons”。这篇文章要求发表你的建议和看法，属于开放性议论文。论点：吴桐最适合、最有资格当班长。论据是你要发挥的材料。写作者应围绕“he is fit for the post”展开，用论据“reasons”来论证观点。确定你要写的材料“more than two reasons”。人称为第三人称，时态以现在时态为主，具体叙述“reasons”时，可使用过去时态。

2． 布局谋篇

此篇文章的格式为发言稿（已给出），体裁为议论文。首先可直接点出论点，接着在第二段开始论证，最后可重申主题，前后呼应。注意要有具体事例，叙述和论证必须结合。

3． 过渡自然

注意选好过渡词汇，以使过渡自然，层次清楚，主次分明。

【学生习作】

Boys and girls, I would like to choose Wu Tong as a candidate.

Everybody knows Wu Tong is the best student in our class. At first①, he is hard working and intelligent. He does well in his lessons and gets A in all the subjects. He is also warm-hearted and helpful. Last May Yang Ming breaks② his leg in a basketball match and has③ to stay at home for a month. It was Wu Tong who offered to help him with his lessons every day. As a result, Yang Ming got A in all his subjects in the final exam. Besides, Wu Tong always takes an active part in all kinds of school activities, such as donating money to the children in the poor area, helping the old and disabled, various games in the school and so on.

Generally speaking, I think Wu Tong is the④ most qualified to be our monitor.

Thats all. Thank you.

【习作点评】

1． 本篇文章结构安排合理，层次清楚，论据充分，论证有力。

2． 文中出现了一些高级词汇及复杂句型，如强调句等，另外恰当的承接词的使用也是文章的亮点。

3． 文章也有一些语法错误及需要改动的地方。

【及时纠错】

① At first应改为First of all或firstly。这里表示的是顺序，而不是时间的先后，at first表示时间的开始 / 起初。② breaks和has应改为broke和had。这是列举具体事件的例子，是Last May发生的事，所以是两个一般过去时态的并列谓语。

【锦上添花】

Everybody knows Wu Tong is ...可改为As everybody knows, Wu Tong is ... 。在议论文中文章开始常用这个非限制性定语从句，它能使文章显得很有气势。

三、实战演练

孔子学院在全球开设的速度, 引发了世人的惊叹。在不到两年的时间里，全球新增100多所孔子学院，遍布在50多个国家和地区。到2010年，全球将建成500所孔子学院。请你根据该事实，用英语写一篇文章，给中国日报投稿，阐述你对此事的看法。

注意：1． 字数：120左右。2． 生词：普及汉语 popularize Mandarin 汉语热：a craze for learning Chinese 孔子学院： Confucius Institute

One possible version:

Lately, the rate of newly-founded Confucius Institutes worldwide has brought a pleasant surprise, which fully indicates popularizing Mandrin is unavoidable. In the past two years, over 100 new Institutes have been set up, distributed over more than 50 countries and districts. It is estimated that the number will reach up to 500 by 2010.

Personally, it is a great honor for us Chinese to have such a craze. The main reason lies in our rapid growth in economy and comprehensive national power. Secondly, it results from the fact that more and more Chinese are working overseas and they take our splendid culture with them. It is also one of the major measures for China to transform from a big nation to a power. As we know, if a country intends to be a super power, the popularization of its official language comes first.

最近，教育部规定，在中小学增加京剧为必修内容，对此大家反应不一，学校英语杂志社组织了一次征文活动。请你用英语写一篇应征稿件，并表达自己的看法。

注意：字数150左右。文章的开头已给出，不记入总词数。

One possible version:

Recently, Ministry of Education has announced to add Peking Opera as a compulsory course in primary and secondary schools. Different people have different opinions on it. Some students support the project wholeheartedly. They think Peking Opera can help promote Chinese culture because it has a long history and is rich in traditional culture. Besides, Peking Opera is a synthesis of different arts and has an elegant form of expression, which can help develop students aesthetic ability.

However, others think students should have some freedom to choose what to learn. If they are forced to learn, their learning interest can be damaged. They also argue that there are many local operas all over China. Different local operas can be taught in different areas to pass down Chinese traditional culture.

I share the view of the second group. Besides their reasons, I also worry whether there are enough qualified teachers for the task. In addition, we have so many traditional arts in history that its impossible to learn them all in classrooms.